RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Variants of 8q24 locus have been associated with prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility. This study aims to analyze the genetic basis of PCa susceptibility in Mexican men by analyzing SNPs in the 8q24 locus for the first time. METHODS: A case-control study was performed in 875 men recruited from the Mexican Social Security Institute, 326 patients with PCa, and 549 non-PCa patients (88 with benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH and 461 healthy controls). The 8q24 locus SNPs: rs16901979, rs16983267, rs1447295, and rs7837328 were genotyped by allelic discrimination assays using TaqMan probes. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info statistical 7.0 and SNPstats softwares. RESULTS: All genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. No differences were observed in genotype distribution between PCa and non-PCa patients for rs6983267. Under different inheritance models, the rs16901979, rs1447295, and rs7837328 SNPs were associated with PCa (OR = 2.8, 1.8, and 1.72, respectively; Pc < 0.001) when comparing PCa patients against controls. This association remains between PCa and BPH patients under different models (OR = 8.5, 2.2, and 1.9, respectively; Pc < 0.001). There were no significant differences in allele and genotype distribution among BPH patients and controls. The combined effect of the alleles CGAA for the SNPs rs16901979, rs6983267, rs1447295, and rs7837328 showed significant differences between PCa patients and controls (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.48-5.83, Pc = 0.008). Four 8q24 variants were not associated with D'Amico score, age at diagnosis, and bone metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides the first confirmation that variants rs16901979, rs1447295, and 7837328 at 8q24 locus are associated with PCa susceptibility in Mexican men.
Assuntos
Hiperplasia Prostática , Neoplasias da Próstata , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cromossomos Humanos Par 8/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Hiperplasia Prostática/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologiaRESUMO
Essentials Bovine (HBI) and porcine (HPI) heparins differ in structure and anticoagulant activity. Protamine-neutralization was evaluated on a variety of physical-chemical methods. HBI requires more protamine than HPI to fully neutralize its anticoagulant activity. Protamine preferentially removes higher-sulfated chains of HBI while HPI is evenly precipitated. SUMMARY: Background Protamine neutralization is an essential step for the safe use and inactivation of the unfractionated heparin (UFH) that is widely employed in surgical and non-surgical procedures involving extracorporeal circulation. Objective To compare protamine neutralization of different pharmaceutical-grade UFHs prepared from porcine or bovine intestine (HPI and HBI, respectively). HBI has approximately half the anticoagulant potency of HPI, mostly as consequence of its fraction enriched with N-sulfated α-glucosamine disaccharides. Methods Protamine neutralization of HPI and HBI was evaluated with in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assays. We also performed in-depth assessments of the complexation of protamine with these distinct UFHs by using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. Results HPI and HBI interact similarly with protamine on a mass/mass basis; however, HBI requires more protamine than HPI to have its anticoagulant activity fully neutralized, because of its lower potency, which entails the use of higher doses. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra revealed that HPI precipitates homogeneously with protamine. On the other hand, the low-sulfated fraction of HBI, enriched with N-sulfated α-glucosamine, precipitates at higher concentrations of protamine than the fraction more like HPI, with a preponderance of N,6-disulfated α-glucosamine disaccharides. Finally, mass spectroscopy spectra showed that some of the different peptide components of protamine interact preferentially with the heparins, irrespective of their animal origin. Conclusion Our results have important medical implications, indicating that protamine neutralization of HBI, determined exclusively by point-of-care coagulation assessments, must fail because of its lower-sulfated fraction with reduced anticoagulant activity that could remain in the circulation after the neutralization procedure.
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Anticoagulantes/farmacologia , Antagonistas de Heparina/farmacologia , Heparina/farmacologia , Protaminas/farmacologia , Animais , Anticoagulantes/química , Anticoagulantes/isolamento & purificação , Bioensaio , Bovinos , Precipitação Química , Cromatografia de Afinidade , Dissacarídeos/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Heparina/química , Heparina/isolamento & purificação , Mucosa Intestinal/química , Espectrometria de Massas , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Tempo de Tromboplastina Parcial , Protaminas/química , Ratos , Especificidade da Espécie , Enxofre/análise , SuínosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: An increase in plasma branched-chain amino acids is associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about the basal plasma amino acid concentrations in young adults. Our aim was to determine the plasma amino acid profiles of young adults and to evaluate how these profiles were modified by sex, body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance (IR). METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a transversal study with 608 Mexican young adults aged 19.9 ± 2.4 years who were applicants to the Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. The subjects underwent a physical examination and provided a clinical history and a blood sample for biochemical, hormonal and amino acid analyses. The women had higher levels of arginine, aspartate and serine and lower levels of α-aminoadipic acid, cysteine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, proline, tryptophan, tyrosine, urea and valine than the men. The obese subjects had higher levels of alanine, aspartate, cysteine, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline and tyrosine and lower levels of glycine, ornithine and serine than the normal weight subjects. Subjects with IR (defined as HOMA > 2.5) had higher levels of arginine, alanine, aspartate, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine, taurine and valine than the subjects without IR. Furthermore, we identified two main groups in the subjects with obesity and/or IR; one group was composed of amino acids that positively correlated with the clinical, biochemical and hormonal parameters, whereas the second group exhibited negative correlations. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that young adults with obesity or IR have altered amino acid profiles characterized by an increase in alanine, aspartate, proline and tyrosine and a decrease in glycine.
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Aminoácidos/sangue , Índice de Massa Corporal , Resistência à Insulina , Obesidade Infantil/sangue , Adolescente , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional , Obesidade Infantil/diagnóstico , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/fisiopatologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objetivo. Caracterizar microbiológicamente SARM en trabajadores asistenciales de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos en una institución hospitalaria de la ciudad de Montería. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal, en 52 trabajadores de dos unidades de cuidado intensivo; se tomaron hisopados nasales y faríngeos a cada individuo, con una periodicidad de 15 días/cinco meses. Mediante pruebas convencionales como fermentación de manitol, catalasa y coagulasa se realizó la identificación de S. aureus, con el disco de cefoxitín por Kirby- Bauer se evaluó la resistencia a Meticilina mediada por el gen mecA; antibióticos como Vancomicina, Eritromicina y Clindamicina fueron evaluados por esta prueba y confirmados por MicroScan ®. Resultados. se obtuvieron 88 aislamientos de S. aureus y 21 aislamientos SARM, una prevalencia de portación de SARM del 25%. El 90,5 % de las cepas de SARM fueron recuperadas de la faringe, en mayor proporción (50%) en el personal de enfermería. Conclusiones. La evidencia de su circulación de SARM en el personal asistencial dentro de una institución hospital, genera una alerta que le permite a la misma establecer políticas de contención para evitar la diseminación de estas cepas y evitar la aparición de brotes o infecciones hospitalarias asociadas a este patógeno.
Objective. To characterize microbiologically MRSA in health care workers of the Intensive Care Units at a hospital institution in the city of Montería. Materials and methods. A longitudinal descriptive study was carried out in 52 workers from two intensive care units; nasal and pharyngeal swabs were taken from each individual, with a periodicity of 15 days / five months. Examined through microbiological methods such as fermentation of mannitol, catalase and coagulase the identification of S. aureus was performed, with the cefoxitin disc by Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method the methicillin resistance mediated by the mecA gene was evaluated; antibiotics such as Vancomycin, Erythromycin and Clindamycin were evaluated by this test and confirmed by MicroScan ®. Results. we obtained 88 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and 21 MRSA, a prevalence of MRSA of 25%. 90.5% of strains Of SARM were recovered from the pharynx, in a greater proportion (50%) in nursing staff. Conclusions. Evidence of MRSA circulation in care staff within a hospital institution generates an alert that allows it to establish containment policies to avoid the dissemination of these strains and to avoid the appearance of outbreaks or hospital infections associated with this pathogen.
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Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus , Portador Sadio , Infecção Hospitalar , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à MeticilinaRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN. Diariamente en el mundo se dan 20 mil nacimientos de madres adolescentes, conllevando a repercusiones biológicas, psicológicas y sociales. México es el primer país con natalidad adolescente de los países que integran la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos. De acuerdo a evidencia científica, el cuidado familiar puede fungir como un factor protector para la vulnerabilidad y estigma social que representa la maternidad en condición de soltería. Sin embargo, son nulos los estudios encaminados a develar las voces de adolescentes gestantes solteras en la experiencia de cuidado familiar. Consiguiente se plantea la pregunta cómo es la experiencia de las adolescentes gestantes solteras (AGS) en cuidado familiar? OBJETIVO GENERAL. Interpretar la experiencia de AGS en cuidado familiar. METODOLOGÍA. Estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico hermenéutico. Selección de participantes por criterio de conveniencia y saturación de datos. Recolección de datos a través de cedula de datos sociodemográficos, diario de campo, visitas domiciliarias y entrevista en profundidad, duración promedio 80 minutos y dos sesiones, audio grabada previo consentimiento informado doble rubrica. Posterior transcripción fidedigna de datos, codificación, reducción y análisis. RESULTADOS. Del análisis emanan: Categoría 1. El mundo interior de la AGS, subcategorías: 1.1 El miedo, 1.2 La tristeza, 1.3 La alegría. Categoría 2. Experimentando el cuidado familiar, subcategorías: 2.1 Dinámicas familiares cambiantes, 2.2 Tipos de cuidado familiar. CONCLUSIÓN. La experiencia de gestación temprana en condición de soltería resulta un fenómeno complejo, social, transgeneracional y cultural que "multi-violenta" a las AGS. A pesar del cuidado familiar que perciben, son el rechazo, angustia y vergüenza los sentimientos que imperan en su experiencia. La ponderación social antes que personal del fenómeno, les ubica en el llamado "se dice" (Heidegger) resultando un Dasein inauténtico. Comprender la experiencia de las AGS en cuidado familiar, para enfermería, aproxima a un cuidado holístico.
INTRODUCTION. Every day in the world there are 20 thousand births of adolescent mothers, leading to biological, psychological and social repercussions. Mexico is the first country with an adolescent birth rate in the countries that make up the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. According to scientific evidence, family care can serve as a protective factor for the vulnerability and social stigma that represents single motherhood. However, studies aimed at revealing the voices of single pregnant teenagers in the family care experience are null. The question arises as to what is the experience of unmarried pregnant women (AGS) in family care? GENERAL OBJECTIVE. Interpret the AGS experience in family care METHODOLOGY. Qualitative, phenomenological hermeneutic study. Selection of participants by criterion of convenience and data saturation. Data collection through socio-demographic data, field diary, home visits and in-depth interview, average duration 80 minutes and two sessions, recorded audio prior double informed consent. Positive transcript of data, coding, reduction and analysis. RESULTS. From the analysis emanate: Category 1. The inner world of the AGS, subcategories: 1.1 The fear, 1.2 The sadness, 1.3 The joy. Category 2. Experiencing family care, subcategories: 2.1 Changing family dynamics, 2.2 Types of family care. CONCLUSION. The experience of early gestation in singles condition is a complex, social, transgenerational and cultural phenomenon that ""multi-violent"" to the AGS. Despite the family care they perceive, they are rejection, anguish and shame the feelings that prevail in their experience. The social rather than personal weighting of the phenomenon places them in the socalled ""is said"" (Heidegger) resulting in an inauthentic Dasein. Understanding the AGS experience in family care, for nursing, approximates holistic care.
Assuntos
Humanos , Gestantes , Pessoa Solteira , Adolescente , Cuidadores , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , MéxicoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a clonal disease that accounts for 20% of acute leukemias in adults. A high percentage of adult patients (ranging from 70 to 80%) reach complete remission; however, the 5-year survival rate is only 20-40%. One of the main obstacles to treatment success is the drug resistance of leukemic cells. Therefore, our research group analyzed the ABCB1 and ABCG2 gene expression levels in 61 patients diagnosed with ALL and assessed whether the levels affected the clinical parameters and 40-month survival rate. METHODS: The ABCB1 and ABCG2 gene expression levels were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction in 61 patients diagnosed with ALL and 99 healthy donors as controls. The association between ABCB1 and ABCG2 gene expression levels and clinical variables was determined using the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Overall survival (OS) was determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The results showed high ABCB1 and ABCG2 gene levels, which were 4.5 and 2.3 times the levels of healthy donors, respectively. A total of 52% of the study patients expressed high ABCB1 levels and were significantly associated with the high-risk patient group and a decreased 40-month survival rate of 78%. Only 49% of the patients expressed high ABCG2 gene levels. No association was found between the clinical parameters and the ABCG2 gene expression levels. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection of ABCB1 gene expression levels could be important for the diagnosis and monitoring of ALL patients.
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Membro 2 da Subfamília G de Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/biossíntese , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Neoplasias/biossíntese , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/metabolismo , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/mortalidade , Subfamília B de Transportador de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/biossíntese , Adolescente , Adulto , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
We present the case of a 94 years- old patient, which was operated 14 years ago of a right total knee replacement for osteoarthritis, actually she suffers of pain and instability; her X ray shown polyethylene wear without loosening of the metal components. The polyethylene insert is not manufactured anymore so we decided cement a new polyethylene insert on the native tibial baseplate. The two years follow up show us a patient asymptomatic, good function and no radiolucencies on the tibial component. We only found a similar case report in Madrid and we believed that this decision, taken from total hip revisions, will succeed.
Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 94 años de edad, la cual fue intervenida hace 14 años de reemplazo articular de rodilla derecha por gonartrosis; actualmente con gonalgia y datos de inestabilidad. En las radiografías se aprecian signos de desgaste del polietileno y no se observan datos de aflojamiento en los componentes metálicos. El modelo implantado de polietileno ya no se fabrica en la actualidad y los componentes metálicos de la prótesis no presentan aflojamiento, por lo que se decide el cementado de un inserto de polietileno similar a las características previas para que se adapte al componente tibial. A dos años de evolución la paciente se reporta asintomática, con buena funcionabilidad y sin signos radiológicos de desgaste. Sólo se ha encontrado un caso clínico similar en Madrid con resultados igualmente satisfactorios, por lo que creemos que ésta puede ser una solución a un problema que se presenta cada vez más con mayor frecuencia en la práctica quirúrgica y que originalmente sólo se había descrito en revisiones de prótesis de cadera.
Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho , Prótese do Joelho , Polietileno , Cimentos Ósseos , Feminino , Humanos , Osteoartrite/cirurgia , Desenho de Prótese , Falha de Prótese , Reoperação , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The localisation and quantification of constitutive alkali-labile sites (ALSs) were investigated using a protocol of DNA breakage detection plus fluorescence in situ hybridisation (DBD-FISH) and alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE or comet assay), in spermatozoa of infertile and fertile men. Semen samples from 10 normozoospermic patients undergoing infertility treatment and 10 fertile men were included in this study. ALSs were localised and quantified by DBD-FISH. The region most sensitive to alkali treatment in human spermatozoa was located in the basal region of the head. ALSs were more frequent in spermatozoa of infertile men than in those of fertile men. These results were confirmed by SCGE comet assays. In conclusion, the most intense localisation of hybridisation signals in human spermatozoa, representing the highest density of constitutive ALSs, was not randomly distributed and was predominantly located in the base of the head. Moreover, infertile men presented with an increase in ALS frequency. Further studies are necessary to determine the association between ALS, sperm chromatin organisation and infertility.
Assuntos
Álcalis/análise , Quebras de DNA , DNA/química , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente/métodos , Cabeça do Espermatozoide/química , Espermatozoides/química , Adolescente , Adulto , Cromatina/química , Cromatina/genética , Ensaio Cometa/métodos , DNA/genética , Fertilidade/genética , Fluorescência , Humanos , Infertilidade Masculina/genética , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) participate in a variety of processes in the kidney, and evidence suggests that gender-related hormones participate in renal function. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of GAGs, gender, and proteinuria in male and female rats with chronic renal failure (CRF). GAGs were analyzed in total kidney tissue and 24-h urine of castrated (c), male (M), and female (F) Wistar control (C) rats (CM, CMc, CF, CFc) and after 30 days of CRF induced by 5/6 nephrectomy (CRFM, CRFMc, CRFF, CRFFc). Total GAG quantification and composition were determined using agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. Renal GAGs were higher in CF compared to CM. CRFM presented an increase in renal GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS), and proteinuria, while castration reduced these parameters. However, CRFF and CRFFc groups showed a decrease in renal GAGs concomitant with an increase in proteinuria. Our results suggest that, in CRFM, sex hormones quantitatively alter GAGs, mainly HS, and possibly the glomerular filtration barrier, leading to proteinuria. The lack of this response in CRFMc, where HS did not increase, corroborates this theory. This pattern was not observed in females. Further studies of CRF are needed to clarify gender-dependent differences in HS synthesis.
Assuntos
Castração , Glicosaminoglicanos/urina , Hormônios Esteroides Gonadais/deficiência , Falência Renal Crônica/metabolismo , Rim/química , Proteinúria/urina , Animais , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Feminino , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Glicosaminoglicanos/isolamento & purificação , Heparitina Sulfato/urina , Rim/cirurgia , Falência Renal Crônica/cirurgia , Masculino , Nefrectomia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Wistar , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) participate in a variety of processes in the kidney, and evidence suggests that gender-related hormones participate in renal function. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of GAGs, gender, and proteinuria in male and female rats with chronic renal failure (CRF). GAGs were analyzed in total kidney tissue and 24-h urine of castrated (c), male (M), and female (F) Wistar control (C) rats (CM, CMc, CF, CFc) and after 30 days of CRF induced by 5/6 nephrectomy (CRFM, CRFMc, CRFF, CRFFc). Total GAG quantification and composition were determined using agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. Renal GAGs were higher in CF compared to CM. CRFM presented an increase in renal GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS), and proteinuria, while castration reduced these parameters. However, CRFF and CRFFc groups showed a decrease in renal GAGs concomitant with an increase in proteinuria. Our results suggest that, in CRFM, sex hormones quantitatively alter GAGs, mainly HS, and possibly the glomerular filtration barrier, leading to proteinuria. The lack of this response in CRFMc, where HS did not increase, corroborates this theory. This pattern was not observed in females. Further studies of CRF are needed to clarify gender-dependent differences in HS synthesis.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Castração , Glicosaminoglicanos/urina , Hormônios Esteroides Gonadais/deficiência , Falência Renal Crônica/metabolismo , Rim/química , Proteinúria/urina , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Glicosaminoglicanos/isolamento & purificação , Heparitina Sulfato/urina , Falência Renal Crônica/cirurgia , Rim/cirurgia , Nefrectomia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Wistar , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
La Pancreatitis Aguda (PA) es una patología que se autolimita en el 80% de los casos; estos casos en general evolucionan hacia la recuperación total. Su evolución puede ser de leve a severa. La forma grave varía desde un 10% a un 25% y se asocia con falla orgánica y/o complicaciones locales como necrosis pancreática. En Venezuela, la PA Severa es un importante problema de salud pública, encontrándose entre las primeras 25 causas de muerte. Este estudio plantea la utilización de una prueba de laboratorio ampliamente disponible, de fácil uso e interpretación, para pronosticar la aparición de complicaciones como necrosis pancreática. Objetivo: Determinar la utilidad de la creatinina sérica como factor predictivo de necrosis pancreática en pancreatitis aguda. Materiales y Metodos: Estudio de tipo analítico, transversal y retrospectivo. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes que ingresaron al hospital Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño, con diagnóstico de pancreatitis aguda entre 2008 y 2009. Se registró creatinina sérica y se relacionó con la clasificación de severidad tomográfica según Balthazar. Resultados: La población estuvo conformada por 50 casos, de éstos se excluyeron 4, por embarazo o enfermedad renal crónica. Treinta de sexo femenino (65%) y 16 masculino (35%). Edades comprendidas entre 18 a 77 años, con media de 40,2. La estancia hospitalaria media fue de 8,74 días. Del total de 46 pacientes, presentó Balthazar A 63% (n=29), B 17,39% (n=8), C 14,04% (n= 6) y D 6,5% (n=3). No se obtuvo ningún E. Al aplicar un análisis de varianza se observó relación estadística significativa directamente proporcional de la creatinina sérica de ingreso (p=0,001) y de las 48 horas (p=0,001) con el Balthazar y el hematocrito. Conclusiones: La evaluación de los niveles y variaciones de creatinina sérica son de utilidad para predecir la aparición de necrosis pancreática en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda.
Acute Pancreatitis (AP) is a self-limited pathology in 80% of the cases; these cases generally evolve towards total recovery. Its evolution can be mild or severe. The severe form varies from a 10% to a 25%, and is associated with organ failure and/or local complications as pancreatic necrosis. In Venezuela severe AP is an important public health problem, being in the first 25 causes of death. The present study proposes the use of a widely available laboratory test, of easy use and interpretation, to predict the appearance of complications as pancreatic necrosis. Objective: To determine the usefulness of the serum creatinine as predictive factor of pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis. Materials and Methods: An analytic, transversal and retrospective study. Clinical histories of patients admitted to the Dr. Miguel Perez Carreño hospital with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis between years 2008 and 2009 were reviewed. Serum creatinine was registered and compared according to the Balthazar classification of tomographic severity. Results: The sample was comprised by 50 cases, from which 4 were excluded, due to pregnancy or chronic renal disease. Thirty were female (65%) and 16 male (35%). Between the ages of 18 and 77, with mean age of 40,2. The median hospital stay was 8,74 days. From total of 46 patients, 63% had Balthazar A (n=29); B 17.39% (n=8); C 14,04% (n= 6) and D 6.5% (n=3). No Balthazar E was obtained. When applying a variance analysis, a significant statistical relation was observed, directly proportional to the serum creatinine upon admission (p=0,001) and the 48 hours (p=0,001) with the Balthazar and hematocrit. Conclusions: The evaluation of the levels and variations of serum creatinine is a useful tool for predicting the appearance of pancreatic necrosis in patients with acute pancreatitis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Creatinina/química , Creatinina , Litíase/diagnóstico , Litíase/patologia , Pancreatite Necrosante Aguda/complicações , Pancreatite Necrosante Aguda/diagnóstico , Pancreatite Necrosante Aguda/patologia , GastroenteropatiasRESUMO
Antecedentes: Numerosos factores han sido implicados en el proceso de implantación, entre ellos se destaca la presencia de glicoproteínas de superficie. Se ha demostrado en ratones, entre otros, que los tipos y cantidades de azúcares de superficie varían según el período del ciclo reproductivo en el que se encuentran, lo que podría sugerir un importante papel de estas variaciones en la mayor receptividad del útero al blastocisto. Objetivos: Describimos los carbohidratos de superficie del aparato reproductor de la coneja, correlacionándolos con los cambios en sus genitales externos, y con los distintos períodos de su ciclo reproductivo. Métodos: Se usaron 15 conejas, ovuladoras coitales, en las que se identifica el período del ciclo según cambios en sus genitales externos; 5 tenían vulva blanca (poca receptividad al macho y bajo índice de embarazos), 5 tenían vulva rosa, y 5 roja (máxima receptividad al macho y alto índice de embarazos). Se estudiaron variaciones en los azúcares de superficie en el oviducto, útero distal, útero medio y cuello uterino, representados por el grado de tinción de 5 lectinas: eritrina cristagalli (ECL), dolichos biforus agglutinin (DBA), ulex europaeus aglutinin-1(UEA-1), pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA) y artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin). Resultados: Hubo predominio del disacárido N-acetilgalactosamina alfa 1-3N-acetilgalac-tosamina (DBA) en todos los períodos y lugares del aparato reproductor, exceptuando el período de vulva roja en útero medio, donde prevalece la beta galactosa (Jacalina). Los residuos de manosa/alfa glucosa (PSA), presentan alta reacción en los períodos de vulva rosa y roja en el oviducto y útero distal. La galactosa beta 1-4 N-acetil glucosamina (ECL) y la L-fucosa (UEA-1) tienen bajo nivel de expresión en todos los sitios y períodos. Conclusión: La ausencia del disacárido N-acetilgalactosamina alfa 1-3N-acetilgalac-tosamina en el período de vulva roja y en el útero medio y la prevalencia de la beta galactosa en...
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Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Coelhos , Implantação do Embrião , Endométrio/fisiologia , Endométrio/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas/biossíntese , Oviductos/fisiologia , Oviductos/metabolismo , Carboidratos/biossíntese , Genitália Feminina/fisiologia , Genitália Feminina/metabolismo , Reprodução/fisiologiaRESUMO
Homocysteine is a thiol-containing amino acid derived from methionine metabolism that can be degraded through two enzymatic pathways: remethylation and trans-sulfuration. In remethylation, homocysteine regenerates methionine. In the trans-sulfuration pathway, homocysteine forms cysteine. Due to the rapid metabolic utilization, the plasma concentration of this amino acid is low. Homocysteine circulates as free thiol, homocystine, or bound to free cysteine or to cysteine residues of proteins. Genetic defects of some enzymes in the homocysteine metabolism, or nutritional deficiencies of folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 lead to an increase in homocysteine plasma concentration and is associated to an increment in cardiovascular diseases. On the basis of clinical and epidemiological studies, homocysteine plasma concentration is considered to be an independent risk factor for the development of atherothrombotic and cardiovascular diseases. The present review describes the homocysteine metabolism, the epidemiological evidence showing the association between homocysteine and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms by which homocysteine produces vascular damage are indicated. Finally, some recommendations are given for the nutritional therapy of patients with hyperhomocysteinemia.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Homocisteína/metabolismo , Hiper-Homocisteinemia/complicações , Estado Nutricional , Arteriosclerose/etiologia , Cisteína/metabolismo , Proteínas Alimentares/metabolismo , Ácido Fólico/metabolismo , Homocisteína/sangue , Homocisteína/urina , Humanos , Metionina/metabolismo , Metilação , Piridoxina/metabolismo , Fatores de Risco , Vitamina B 12/metabolismoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine the free amino acid pool in plasma and milk in marginally nourished lactating women. Twenty-eight rural women (age, 23.9+/-5y; weight 50.2+/-4.9 kg; height, 148.2+/-4.8 cm) were studied under metabolic balance conditions. Subjects were divided into 6 groups (5-6 women in each), representing rural mothers postweaning and in the 15, 3rd, and 6th months of lactation; nonpregnant, nonlactating controls were from rural and urban areas. Amino acid analyses of diet and of plasma and milk samples were performed using a Beckman 6300 amino acid analyzer. Lysine intakes were lower than the recommended intake for lactating women (RDA). Plasma amino acid profiles differed between the lactating and weaned groups: aspartate and isoleucine increased at the 6th month (P < 0.05), while valine declined over weaning time (P < 0.05). In milk, valine and proline decreased at the 6th month (P < 0.05), while serine rose at the 3rd month. Free amino acid pools were 1- to 15-fold higher in plasma than in milk for branched-chain amino acids and basic, aromatic, and neutral amino acids. In mammary tissue these amino acids can be channeled to tissue and milk protein synthesis or to catabolic pathways. Glutamate was 40-fold higher in milk with respect to plasma content. This was the predominant amino acid in the free amino acid pool in milk. These results suggest selective amino acid transport in mammary tissue during lactation.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos/administração & dosagem , Aminoácidos/análise , Dieta , Lactação , Leite Humano/química , Adulto , Aminoácidos/sangue , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , População RuralRESUMO
This study was designed to determine the effect of lactation and weaning on the gene expression of branched-chain aminotransaminase (BCAT) and branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD) in different tissues of the lactating rat. BCAT activity increased in mammary tissue during lactation and was 6-fold higher than in virgin rats. This increase was associated with an increase in protein levels measured by immunoblot analysis, and with an increase in BCAT mitochondrial (BCATm) mRNA concentration. Twenty-four hours after weaning, BCAT activity, protein concentration, and mRNA levels in the dam decreased. BCAT activity, protein enzyme levels, and BCATm mRNA concentration in muscle were higher in weaning rats than in lactating rats. BCAT cytosolic (BCATc) mRNA was not expressed in mammary tissue, and there was no BCATc enzyme detected by Western blot in any physiological state. Mammary tissue BCKD activity increased and was active (dephosphorylated) during the lactation period. The level of enzyme also increased and the mRNA level for the E2 subunit in mammary tissue was 10-fold higher than the virgin values. Hepatic enzyme activity increased during weaning, and this was associated with the protein level and with the mRNA level of the E2 subunit. Muscle BCKD activity and protein content were the lowest of all tissues, and the E2 subunit mRNA level was barely detected by Northern blot analysis. The results suggest gene regulation of the two main catabolic enzymes of the branched-chain amino acid metabolism during lactation.
Assuntos
Cetona Oxirredutases/biossíntese , Lactação/fisiologia , Complexos Multienzimáticos/biossíntese , Transaminases/biossíntese , 3-Metil-2-Oxobutanoato Desidrogenase (Lipoamida) , Aminoácidos de Cadeia Ramificada/metabolismo , Animais , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Cetona Oxirredutases/genética , Complexos Multienzimáticos/genética , Ratos , Transaminases/genéticaRESUMO
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) stimulates renal and placental 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] and is considered an important regulator of fetal growth. As 1,25-(OH)2D and birth weight are low in preeclampsia, this study was undertaken to determine whether circulating levels of IGF-I were associated with serum 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations in preeclamptic (PE group) and normotensive (NT group) pregnancies. Maternal and umbilical cord serum levels of IGF-I and 1,25-(OH)2D were significantly (P < 0.01) lower in the PE group than in the NT group. The concentrations of these two hormones correlated significantly in the umbilical cord (P < 0.05) and in the maternal (P < 0.001) compartments of the PE and NT groups, respectively. The amount of IGFBP-3 was 64% lower whereas that of IGFBP-1 was 2.9-fold higher in umbilical cord serum of the PE group compared with the NT group. In addition, maternal and umbilical cord serum IGF-I correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with weight and length at birth only in the PE group. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that circulating IGF-I and 1,25-(OH)2D levels in both maternal and umbilical cord compartments are low in preeclampsia. Furthermore, this study suggests a differential regulatory effect of IGF-I on 1,25-(OH)2D synthesis and fetal growth depending on the presence or absence of preeclampsia.
Assuntos
Calcitriol/sangue , Sangue Fetal/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Pré-Eclâmpsia/sangue , Adulto , Peso ao Nascer , Pressão Sanguínea , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Pequeno para a Idade Gestacional/sangue , Proteína 1 de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante à Insulina/sangue , Proteína 3 de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante à Insulina/sangue , Pré-Eclâmpsia/fisiopatologia , Gravidez , Proteinúria , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
A high protein concentration in the diet induces the gene expression of several amino acid degrading enzymes such as histidase (Hal) in rats. It is important to understand whether the amino acid pattern of the dietary protein affects the gene expression of these enzymes. The purpose of the present work was to study the effect of a histidine-imbalanced diet on the activity and mRNA concentration of rat hepatic histidase. Seven groups of six rats were fed one of the following diets: 1) 6% casein (basal), 2) 20% casein, 3) 35% casein, 4) an imbalance diet containing 6% casein plus a mixture of indispensable amino acids (IAA) equivalent to a 20% casein diet without histidine (I-20), 5) 6% casein plus a mixture of IAA equivalent to a 35% casein diet without histidine (I-35), 6) a corrected diet containing 6% casein plus IAA including histidine equivalent to a 20% casein diet, 7) a corrected diet containing 6% casein plus IAA including histidine equivalent to a 35% casein diet. Serum histidine concentration was inversely proportional to the protein content of the diet, and it was significantly higher in rats fed the corrected diets compared to their respective imbalanced diet groups. Hal activity increased as the protein content of the diet increased. Greater histidine imbalance resulted in lower food intake and higher Hal activity. Rats fed histidine-corrected diets had lower activity than their respective imbalanced groups. Differences in Hal activity were associated with differences in the concentration of Hal mRNA. These results indicate that rats fed a histidine-imbalanced diet exhibit reduced food intake and weight gain and increased Hal gene expression as a consequence of an increased amino acid catabolism.
Assuntos
Dieta , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Histidina Amônia-Liase/metabolismo , Histidina/farmacologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/enzimologia , Animais , Histidina/administração & dosagem , Histidina/sangue , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The aim of the present work was to study the effect of nutritional rehabilitation with different concentration of dietary protein (6, 18 or 50%) of previously undernourished rats on serum Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins levels (IGFBPs). Undernutrition was induced by feeding rats with 0.5% casein diet for 5 weeks. Over this period, growth, serum total proteins, IGF-I levels and IGFBP-3/IGFBP-2 ratio were significantly decreased compared to the group fed ad libitum 18% casein diet. Nutritional rehabilitation for 21 days with 6% casein diet did not change any of these parameters. Nutritional rehabilitation with 18 or 50% casein diet for one day did not initiate the restoration of serum IGF-I levels and IGFBP-3/IGFBP-2 ratio. However, after 10 days with 18 or 50% casein diets, there was an increase of 12 fold in IGF-I levels and 7 fold in the IGFBP-3/IGFBP-2 ratio. Finally, rehabilitation for 21 days with 18 or 50% casein diet produced an increase of 21 and 26 fold in IGF-I levels, and 6.1 and 14.5 fold in the IGFBP-3/IGFBP-2 ratio respectively. These results suggest that nutritional rehabilitation with 18% casein and above were more effective than 6% casein diets to reestablish body weight. Serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations were sensitive indicators of the evolution of the nutritional status of the rats depending of the protein concentration in the diet in previously undernourished rats.
Assuntos
Proteína 2 de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante à Insulina/sangue , Proteína 3 de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante à Insulina/sangue , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/análise , Deficiência de Proteína/sangue , Deficiência de Proteína/dietoterapia , Animais , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Peso Corporal , Caseínas/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Alimentares/uso terapêutico , Ingestão de Energia , Retroalimentação , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Cauda/patologiaRESUMO
The first step in the degradation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) is transamination catalyzed by the branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT), which is located in extrahepatic tissues. Studies of the effect of dietary protein on BCAT activity have given contradictory results. Therefore, we established the levels of BCAT activity and mitochondrial BCAT (BCATm) mRNA expression in different organs and tissues of rats. We then determined the effect of different levels of dietary protein in well-nourished rats, the effect of feeding a 0.5% casein diet for 5 wk (protein-malnourished rats) and nutritional rehabilitation of these rats with different levels of dietary protein on BCAT activity and BCATm mRNA expression in selected tissues. Finally, the response of tissue BCAT activity and BCATm mRNA levels in rats fed a 10% casein diet and injected with glucagon (4 d) or hydrocortisone (7 d) was determined. The highest concentration of BCATm mRNA was found in stomach, followed by kidney, heart, muscle, brain, skin and lung. Low levels were found in intestine, and no BCATm mRNA was detectable in liver. Although BCAT activity was significantly higher in muscle, kidney and brain from rats adapted to consume a 50% casein diet for 7 h/d for 10 d than in rats fed 6, 18 or 35% casein diets, only muscle had significantly higher levels of BCATm mRNA. In protein-malnourished rats, BCAT activity and BCATm mRNA expression in kidney, muscle and heart were not different from those of rats with free access to an 18% casein diet. Nutritional rehabilitation of the protein-malnourished rats with 50% casein for 21 d significantly increased the BCAT activity and BCATm mRNA expression in muscle. Neither hydrocortisone nor glucagon injection affected BCAT activity or BCATm mRNA concentrations in rat kidney, muscle or heart. We conclude that the nutritional regulation of BCATm is extrahepatic, tissue specific and may involve transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms.
Assuntos
Proteínas Alimentares/farmacologia , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/enzimologia , Transaminases/genética , Animais , Encéfalo/enzimologia , Encéfalo/ultraestrutura , Glucagon/farmacologia , Hidrocortisona/farmacologia , Rim/enzimologia , Rim/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Músculos/enzimologia , Músculos/ultraestrutura , Miocárdio/enzimologia , Miocárdio/ultraestrutura , Especificidade de Órgãos , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Pele/enzimologia , Pele/ultraestrutura , Estômago/enzimologia , Estômago/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Glycosaminoglycans were extracted from the intima and media layers of normal human thoracic aortas from donors of different ages. The arterial segments were devoid of macroscopically visible lesions obtained from patients who had no clinically evident cardiovascular disease. Total glycosaminoglycan content increases during the first 40 years of life. Changes in the content of hyaluronic acid and heparan sulfate are less noticeable. The content of chondroitin sulfate (mainly the 6-isomer) increases, whereas dermatan sulfate remains constant. Plasma LDL-affinity chromatography of dermatan sulfate+chondroitin 4/6-sulfate fractions allowed the separation of LDL high- and low-affinity glycosaminoglycan species. Remarkably, only glycosaminoglycan species with low affinity for plasma LDL increase with age in the disease-free areas of human thoracic aortas studied. These results suggest that age-related changes in glycosaminoglycan composition of the arterial wall do not contribute to increased deposition of plasma LDL. However, the alternative explanation that individuals with arterial glycosaminoglycans that avidly bind LDL would develop early and severe cardiovascular disease and would thus be excluded from our analysis cannot be ruled out.