RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) lead to drastic metabolic alterations with associated energy balance and body weight changes, two related physiological processes regulated by the brain. Polyphenol-based treatments for NCDs have emerged as a promising therapy, which seems to involve the energy balance modulation. However, it remains unclear what the most effective polyphenols-based treatment is to attenuate adverse effects in the energy balance of NCDs. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the literature on the metabolic and neurological effects of polyphenols-based treatment in rodent models of NCDs. METHODS: Literature search was carried out in the following databases: CINAHL, Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. For title and abstract screening, original papers with polyphenols exposure in rodents were selected. For full-text screening, studies with models of NCDs that reported metabolic and neurological outcomes when treated with polyphenols were selected for inclusion in this review. RESULTS: 23 articles, using individual compound (11 articles) or polyphenols extracts (12 articles), were included in this review: 5 articles using tea polyphenols, 12 articles using grape-derived polyphenols, 3 articles using the polyphenol quercetin, and 3 articles using other polyphenol sources. Most results agree on the beneficial effect of polyphenols in attenuating alterations in energy balance and body weight. Such effects were associated with neuroprotective responses in different brain areas including hippocampus and hypothalamus. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this review shows that the treatment with polyphenols, especially resveratrol or quercetin, attenuates the adverse effects of NCDs on energy balance and are associated with neuroprotective effects.
Assuntos
Doenças não Transmissíveis , Polifenóis , Animais , Peso Corporal , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Quercetina , RoedoresRESUMO
Children who suffer from cerebral palsy (CP) often present comorbidities in the form of oro-facial dysfunctions. Studies in animals have contributed to elaborate potential therapies aimed at minimising the chronic disability of the syndrome. To systematically review the scientific literature regarding the possible effects that experimental models of CP can have on oro-facial functions. Two independent authors conducted a systematic review in the electronic databases Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science and Lilacs, using Mesh and Decs terms in animal models. The motor and sensory parameters of sucking, chewing and swallowing were considered as primary outcomes; reactivity odour, controlled salivation, postural control, head mobility during feeding and the animal's ability to acquire food were secondary outcomes. Ten studies were included in the present review. Most studies used rabbits as experimental models of CP, which was induced by either hypoxia-ischemia, inflammation or intraventricular haemorrhage. Oro-facial functions were altered in all experimental models of CP. However, we found more modifications in hypoxia-ischemia models overall. On the other hand, the model of inflammation was more effective to reproduce higher damage for coordinating sucking and swallowing. All of the CP experimental models that were assessed modified the oral functions in different animal species. However, further studies should be conducted in order to clarify the mechanisms underlying oro-facial damage in order to optimise treatment strategies for children who suffer from CP.
Assuntos
Paralisia Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Animais , Paralisia Cerebral/patologia , Comorbidade , Deglutição , Transtornos de Deglutição/patologia , Ingestão de Alimentos , Humanos , Espasticidade Muscular , SalivaçãoRESUMO
Resumen ANTECEDENTES: puesto que la retención urinaria posparto no es un suceso que se considere grave, la información de su tratamiento en las unidades obstétricas es muy limitada, sobre todo en América Latina. MÉTODO: búsqueda de información publicada, en español e inglés, entre los años 2000 y 2016 relacionada con las medidas preventivas y tratamientos de la retención urinaria posparto en dos bases de datos de bibliografía biomédica: Pubmed y Scopus. RESULTADOS: se encontraron 31 artículos científicos en inglés relacionados con el tratamiento de la retención urinaria posparto y pocos estudios en modelos animales de retención urinaria aguda, ninguno en español. El diagnóstico de la retención urinaria posparto se establece con el auxilio de métodos invasivos y no invasivos: catéteres y ultrasonido. El tratamiento incluye acciones preventivas (reducción de problemas del parto mediante adiestramiento adecuado del personal de las unidades obstétricas o la aplicación de masaje en la región sacra) y posteriores al parto (uso de catéteres uretrales o suprapúbicos). CONCLUSIONES: la retención urinaria posparto es una complicación clínica que requiere entender que el diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos contribuyen sustancialmente a disminuir la alta prevalencia de disfunciones vesicales femeninas. En esta revisión se evidenció la necesidad de estudios preclínicos que permitan conocer la repercusión a largo plazo de la retención urinaria y probar nuevos tratamientos.
Abstract BACKGROUND: since postpartum urinary retention is not a condition that is considered severe, information of its treatment in obstetrical units is very limited, especially in Latin America. METHOD: search of published information in Spanish and English, between 2000 and 2016 related to preventive measures and treatment of postpartum urinary retention in two data bases of biomedical bibliography: Pubmed and Scopus. RESULTS: 31 scientific articles in English related to the treatment of postpartum urinary retention were found as well as a few studies of acute urinary retention in animal models, none of them in Spanish. The diagnosis of postpartum urinary retention is established using invasive and non-invasive methods: catheters and ultrasound. Treatment includes preventive measures (reduction of delivery issues through appropriate training of obstetrical unis or the use of massage on the sacral region) and after delivery (use of urethral or suprapubic catheters). CONCLUSIONS: postpartum urinary retention is a clinical complication, thus we have to understand that early diagnosis and treatment substantially contribute to decreasing the high prevalence of female bladder dysfunctions. In this review, we proved the need for preclinical tests that allow us to recognize the long term repercussion of urinary retention and test new treatments.
RESUMO
AIMS: Differences in fibre-type composition of skeletal muscle have been associated with obesity and insulin resistance. As a poor nutrient environment early in life is a predisposing factor for the development of obesity and related metabolic diseases at adulthood, this study aimed at determining the long-term consequences of maternal undernutrition on the structural and metabolic properties of two skeletal muscles characterized by their different fibre-type composition and metabolic properties. METHODS: The fibre-type composition and enzymatic activities of hexokinase (HK), beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ß-HAD) and citrate synthase (CS) were measured in soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from adult rats born to dams fed a control (17% protein) or a low-protein [8% protein (PR)] diet throughout pregnancy and lactation. In addition, the expression levels of several genes regulating glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Protein rats exhibited enhanced density of type II fibres along with decreased rate of fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis in soleus but not EDL. Malnourished rats exhibited also a different gene expression profile in soleus and EDL. Altogether, these alterations correspond to a state of energy deficiency and are present in animals which do not show yet any sign of obesity or glucose intolerance. CONCLUSION: We conclude that maternal protein restriction alters in the long term the structural and enzymatic properties of offspring skeletal muscle in a fibre-type-dependent manner. These alterations might have a causative role in the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders later in life.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Dieta com Restrição de Proteínas , Fibras Musculares de Contração Rápida/enzimologia , Fibras Musculares de Contração Rápida/patologia , Fibras Musculares de Contração Lenta/enzimologia , Fibras Musculares de Contração Lenta/patologia , Proteínas Musculares/metabolismo , 3-Hidroxiacil-CoA Desidrogenases/metabolismo , Envelhecimento/patologia , Animais , Citrato (si)-Sintase/metabolismo , Proteínas Alimentares/metabolismo , Feminino , Hexoquinase/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The Maritime Military Health submit to periodic medical examination civilian employees exposed to health risks and all military personnel. The latest, because of particular use in operational duties, as well as the characteristic of seafarers employed, undergoes an extensive medical protocol. In 2006 there were around 3200 access to the Service of Medicine Labor Navy Hospital in Augusta (SR). We wanted then to make a collection of data with purpose to highlight the diseases that most often affect the area of military jurisdiction. The illnesses were divided into two main groups: those who did not produce any result on the job because of insignificant impact functional, and those for which they have been taken to unfitness, temporary or permanent. From a statistical evaluation of the acquired data, it results that most affected systems are the skeletical, hematologic, psychic, ENT, heart, the Body Mass Index.
Assuntos
Militares , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Saúde Ocupacional , Humanos , Itália , Vigilância da PopulaçãoRESUMO
This study investigated the somatic maturation and ontogeny of reflexes in neonate rats treated with sertraline (Sert) during the suckling period. The animals were divided into four groups; three that received daily doses of Sert (5, 10 or 15 mg/kg s.c.; groups Sert5, Sert10, and Sert15, respectively), and a fourth group that received distilled water (Dw) (1 ml/kg/b.w.). Growth indicators (body weight, axis of the head and tail length) were measured daily, from the 1st to the 21st postnatal day. The reflexes (righting, free-fall righting, negative geotaxis, cliff avoidance, auditory startle response, vibrissa placing and palm grasp) and physical-feature maturation (ear unfolding, auditory conduit opening, irruption of the lower incisors and eye opening) were recorded each day of the animal's life. All groups were compared to the Dw group. The body weight gain was reduced in all the Sert groups. Moreover, a delay in the growth of the body length was observed in all the Sert groups. Higher Sert doses reduced the speed of growth in the tail length. The medio-lateral head axis reduced in Sert15 and Sert5 doses. Otherwise, Sert10 had a temporary acceleration in this growth, but the growth of the anteroposterior head axis had a delay in all the Sert groups. The highest doses induced a delay in physical-feature maturation. The palm grasp reflex (disappearance) was retarded in Sert10; cliff avoidance advanced in Sert10; negative-geotaxis and free-fall righting retarded in Sert15. The findings suggest that altered serotonergic system activity induced by sertraline early in life could play a role in the retardation of the somatic growth ontogeny as well as a delay in the maturation of some reflexes.
Assuntos
Animais Recém-Nascidos/fisiologia , Crescimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Reflexo/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/farmacologia , Sertralina/farmacologia , Animais , Animais Lactentes , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To report the relative prevalence of various forms of congenital heart disease (CHD) in children with Noonan syndrome (NS) and to describe anatomic characteristics of the subgroup of patients with atrioventricular canal (AVC). STUDY DESIGN: Phenotypic and cardiologic examinations were performed in 136 patients with NS and CHD evaluated at our hospital from January 1986 to December 1998. Cardiac evaluation included chest x-ray film, electrocardiogram, 2-dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography, cardiac catheterization with angiocardiography, and cardiac surgery. RESULTS: The CHDs classically reported in NS, including pulmonary stenosis (39%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (10%), atrial septal defect (8%), and tetralogy of Fallot (4%), are well represented in our series; however, aortic coarctation (9%) and anomalies of the mitral valve (6%) may also occur in this syndrome. Moreover, AVC was diagnosed in 21 patients, representing 15% of all CHDs in our series. All patients showed a partial form of AVC, and an associated subaortic stenosis caused by additional anomalies of the mitral valve was detected in 5 of 21 (23.8%) of those patients. CONCLUSION: Left-sided lesions, such as aortic coarctation and anomalies of the mitral valve, are not rare in patients with NS and CHD. Moreover, in this syndrome AVC is quite frequent, the partial form is prevalent, and subaortic stenosis caused by additional anomalies of the mitral valve may be present. This information should be taken into consideration during the cardiologic evaluation of children with NS.
Assuntos
Cardiopatias Congênitas/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Noonan/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estenose da Valva Pulmonar/epidemiologiaRESUMO
In obstetrics, the uterine tamponade has been used for the control of acute uterine bleeding. However, the control of the acute hemorrhage from the nonpuerperal uterus is more difficult. Four cases are presented with uterine bleeding during dilation and evacuation without response to medical treatment. They were treated with the use of the Foley catheter for 12 to 24 hrs. There were not complications. The uterine tamponade with Foley catheter is a therapeutic option before the radical surgical treatment.
Assuntos
Oclusão com Balão , Cateterismo , Metrorragia/etiologia , Aborto Espontâneo/complicações , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Cesárea/efeitos adversos , Dilatação e Curetagem/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Metrorragia/terapia , Gravidez , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
En este estudio hemos querido dar una pauta y una orientación en relación al origen de los pacientes enfermos mentales que han requerido internación para el tratamiento en el hospital psiquiátrico Sagrado Corazón, para orientarnos con mayor claridad al respecto del porcentaje de pacientes que acuden a nuestra casa y sus localizaciones geográficas, como una propuesta para tratar de proyectarse hacia una sectorización de la atención del enfermo mental en los diferentes centros ubicados en las urbes de nuestra nación. Para ello hemos recopilado datos de ingreso por provincias, dependiendo si vienen de una zona rural o de una zona urbana, como puede ser capital de provincia u otras ciudades importantes de las mismas, así como también se encuentra recopilado la ubicación de los pacientes residentes de la ciudad capital dependiendo de una clara sectorización como es la de Norte, Centro, Sur o Periferie (ciudades satélites), tomados en cuenta en un lapso de dos períodos de tiempo escogidos al azar entre los años 76 al 80 y 83 al 85.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pacientes Internados , Saúde Mental , Características de Residência , Unidade Hospitalar de Psiquiatria , PsiquiatriaAssuntos
Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Eletrocardiografia , Prolapso da Valva Mitral/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Antiarrítmicos/uso terapêutico , Arritmias Cardíacas/etiologia , Arritmias Cardíacas/terapia , Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
A frequencia das arritmias, no prolapso de valva mitral, em 51 pacientes (41 do sexo feminino e 10 do sexo masculino, com idade media de 35 anos), foi avaliada por meio de eletrocardiografia dinamica (sistema Holter) por 12 horas. Disturbios de ritmo foram evidenciado em 30 (58,8%) dos casos: arritmias ventriculares em 70,0%; taquicardia sinusal em 10%; bradicardia sinusal em 6,7%; fibrilacao atrial em 3,3%. Nao se observou correlacao significativa entre os sintomas referidos durante o exame e a presenca de arritmias. Formulam-se comentarios sobre a genese das arritmias na sindrome e sobre a indicacao terapeutica
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Arritmias Cardíacas , Prolapso da Valva Mitral , EletrocardiografiaRESUMO
Uma paciente jovem, portadora da sindrome de prolapso da valva mitral (SPVM), com historia de sincopes desencadeadas por esforco fisico, durante a realizacao do teste ergometrico, apresentou episodio de fibrilacao ventricular, revertida apos cardioversao eletrica. O exame fisico nao revelou dados auscutatorios compativeis com SPVM. O diagnostico foi feito retrospectivamente, atraves do ecocardiograma e do cateterismo cardiaco, caracterizando assim o chamado "prolapso silencioso"
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Prolapso da Valva Mitral , Fibrilação Ventricular , Teste de EsforçoRESUMO
E relatado o caso de um paciente de 27 anos, sem fatores de risco e antecedentes de coronariopatia na familia, acometido de infarto do miocardio transmural apos eletrocussao acidental. A cinecoronariografia realizada 30 dias apos, mostrou arterias coronarias normais e acinesia antero-apical. Os autores discutem a etiopatogenia, dando enfase a possibilidade de vasoespasmo coronario ou trombose coronaria com recanalizacao