RESUMO
The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus linnaei (Audouin, 1826), is distributed across the American continent and is formerly known as the "tropical lineage". It belongs to the Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) species complex, referred to as R. sanguineus (sensu lato). Mitochondrial genome sequences are frequently used for the identification and represent reference material for field studies. In the present study, the entire mitochondrial genomes of R. linnaei (â¼15 kb) collected from dogs in Mexico were sequenced and compared with available mitogenomes of R. sanguineus (s.l.). The mitochondrial genome is â¼90% identical to the reference genome of R. sanguineus (sensu stricto, former "temperate lineage") and > 99% identical to R. linnaei mitogenome derived from the neotype. Two additional mitogenomes were obtained and described as R. linnaei and R. turanicus from dogs in Saudi Arabia. The present study delivers a molecular reference for R. linnaei from America and complements R. linnaei mitogenomes from Africa, Asia and Australia. We propose to consider the complete mitogenome, as the reference for American R. linnaei, even when partial mitochondrial cox1, 12S rRNA or 16S rRNA genes are characterised.
RESUMO
Veterinary medicine and animal science (VMAS) students coexist in asocial, geographic, and economic context that influences personal and career decisions. The goal of this study was to analyze students' perceptions of Animal Welfare (AW) and World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) topics by gender, religion, and stage of study at the school of veterinary medicine in the northeastern Mexican border area. Survey response rate was 60% of VMAS student enrollment, which was divided in basic, intermediate, and advanced academic levels. Student respondents reported animal production followed by animals for companionship and wildlife appreciation as their job placement expectations after graduation. Students in the basic training stage rated AW in general practice to be more important compared with those in intermediate and advanced training (p < 0.005). Compared with intermediate and advanced level students, students at the basic level considered bioethics, sustainable food production, and OIE animal welfare topics more important (p < 0.05). Regarding gender differences, compared with male students, their female counterparts rated AW more important, depending on areas of work practice and OIE topics (p < 0.05).
Assuntos
Educação em Veterinária , Medicina Veterinária , Masculino , Feminino , Animais , Humanos , México , Estudantes , Bem-Estar do Animal , PercepçãoRESUMO
In February 2012, a reproductive group of 60 adult blackbucks (Antilope cervicapra) from Veracruz, Mexico was relocated to hunting units in eastern and northeastern Mexico. Seven individuals died due to hemorrhagic parasitic, abomasitis and enteritis caused by Haemonchus spp., Setaria spp., and Trichostrongylids. Deaths were associated with hepatic necrosis, bilateral congestive distention of heart and fibrinonecrotic bronchopneumonia. Also Anaplasma marginale was identified. The blackbucks' population displayed a general mortality rate of 11.67%, where 25% of total male and 9.62% of total female died. The mortality was controlled by segregation of all remaining blackbucks and the treatment for internal and external parasites (biting flies and ticks). After the treatment, no fatality cases related to parasitosis were recorded. The results presented here exhibit the high relevance of parasitosis as possible factor risk in the survival of tis specie.
En febrero del 2012, un grupo de 60 individuos adultos reproductivos de antílope negro (Antilope cervicapra) provenientes de Veracruz, México fueron reubicado en unidades de cacería del este y noreste de este país. Siete individuos murieron presentando hemorragias parasíticas, abomasitis y enteritis ocasionadas por Haemonchus spp., Setaria spp. y Trichostrongylids. Las muertes estuvieron asociadas con necrosis hepática, distensión congestiva del corazón y bronconeumonía fibronecrótica, donde Anaplasma marginale fue identificada. La población de antílopes negros mostró un porcentaje de mortalidad del 11.67%, en donde el 25 y 9.62% de los machos y hembras totales murieron. La mortalidad fue controlada mediante el aislamiento de los antílopes negros restantes y un tratamiento contra parásitos internos y externos (garrapatas y moscas picadoras), lo cual controló las mortalidades y reveló la importancia de la parasitosis como factor de riesgo que afecta la sobrevivencia de esta especie.