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Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar el marco legislativo y normativo en salud mental y suicidio en México. Material y métodos: Se realizó un análisis secundario de los principales ordenamientos jurídicos en materia de salud mental y suicidio, vigentes hasta septiembre de 2020, de las 32 entidades de México y del nivel federal. Resultados: Se analizaron 51 documentos. Sólo 14 entidades cuentan con una Ley de Salud Mental y dos estados tienen una Ley de Suicidio. A nivel federal, se definen los lineamientos de atención de la conducta suicida en las normas técnicas de la Secretaría de Salud. Sin embargo, en las leyes de salud, nacional o estatales, han existido omisiones al respecto. La prevención no se define a profundidad en la mayoría de los documentos analizados. Conclusiones: Es prioritario impulsar leyes integrales de salud mental y conducta suicida armonizadas en el ámbito nacional.
Abstract: Objective: Analyze the legislative and normative framework on mental health and suicide in Mexico. Materials and methods: A secondary analysis of the main legal systems on mental health and suicide, in force until September 2020, of the 32 entities in Mexico and at the federal level was carried out. Results: 51 documents were analyzed. Only 14 states have a mental health law and two states have a law on suicide. At the federal level, the guidelines for the care of suicidal behavior are defined in the technical standards issued by the health ministry. However, in both state and national health laws, there has been omissions in this regard. Prevention is not defined in depth in most of the documents analyzed. Conclusions: It is a priority to promote comprehensive laws on mental health and suicidal behavior harmonized at the national level.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Analyze the legislative and normative framework on mental health and suicide in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A secondary analysis of the main legal systems on mental health and suicide, in force until September 2020, of the 32 entities in Mexico and at the federal level was carried out. RESULTS: 51 documents were analyzed. Only 14 states have a mental health law and two states have a law on suicide. At the federal level, the guidelines for the care of suicidal behavior are defined in the technical standards issued by the Health Ministry. However, in both state and national health laws, there have been omissions in this regard. Prevention is not defined in depth in most of the documents analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: It is a priority to promote comprehensive laws on mental health and suicidal behavior harmonized at the national level.
Assuntos
Saúde Mental , Prevenção do Suicídio , Humanos , México/epidemiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Disrespect and abuse during childbirth have been reported by numerous countries around the world. One of their principal manifestations is the performance of invasive or surgical procedures without the informed consent of women. Non-dignified treatment is the second most common form of this conduct. Five Mexican states have classified obstetric violence as a crime: Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Guerrero, the State of Mexico and Veracruz. The others have not yet done so although it is provided for in their civil and administrative regulations. OBJECTIVE: To analyse whether criminalising obstetric violence has been conducive to the recognition and observance of the reproductive rights of women, based on the records of poor health care complaints filed by women with the Medical Arbitration Commissions (CAMs by their Spanish initials) in two Mexican states. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted an observational qualitative study using a phenomenological approach. Analysis included two states with similar partner demographic and maternal health indicators but different legal classifications of obstetric violence: the Chiapas has criminalized this form of violence while Oaxaca has not. We reviewed the records of obstetric care complaints filed with CAMs in both states from 2011 to 2015, all of them concluded and including full information. RESULTS: Differences were observed regarding the contents of complaints, specifically in the categories of abuse, discrimination and neglect during childbirth. The narratives in the other complaint categories were similar between states. CONCLUSION: After analysing the records of malpractice complaints in Chiapas and Oaxaca, we conclude that the differentiated legal status of obstetric violence has not influenced recognition or observance of the reproductive rights of women. Criminalising obstetric violence has not improved care provided by health personnel.