RESUMO
The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs)-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or HAIDS pandemic originated from lentiviruses of nonhuman primates (thus qualifying as a zoonosis) that moved into humans in Africa. The HAIDS patients eventually die of opportunistic infections, all potentially zoonotic. The HAIDS infection remained parochial, first endemically and then epidemically, until the African urbanization that occurred in each of the countries postindependence. The latter included wars and the massive movement of soldiers (virologically naive) from the American continent to Africa and back. The HAIDS viral ecology coincided with African swine fever (ASF) in the Americas. Haiti became the focal point for both infections. Some infected Haitians also became, together with some infected drug addicts in the United States, a source of contaminated human blood for transfusions and production of plasma derivatives.
PIP: Nonhuman primate lentiviruses are the source of the HIV/AIDS (HAIDS) pandemic among humans. Thus HAIDS constitutes a zoonosis. Opportunistic infections which generally are the immediate cause of death in HAIDS patients tend to be zoonoses. Some of these include tuberculosis, cryptococcosis, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis. Pneumocystis carinii, Listeria monocytogenes, and candidiasis. The HAIDS viral ecology paralleled the intense migration of African swine fever into the Caribbean and the continental Americas. Haitian laborers and prostitutes went to Zaire and later returned. Sexual tourism in Haiti and poor Haitian selling their blood for transfusions and production of plasma derivatives to be marketed to developed countries such as the US and France contributed to the spread of HAIDS from Haiti to developed countries. Thus African swine fever and HAIDS originated in this hemisphere from Haiti after being bought to Haiti from Africa. HAIDS began as an endemic regional disease in Africa then became a regional epidemic disease. After African countries gained independence, urbanization increased in Africa which accounted for the spread of HAIDS in each African country. The US and the USSR played their geopolitical games using and/or resulting in famine, war, and disrupted families on the African continent and elsewhere. Thus husbands from 1 continent were moved to armies and labor camps sometimes on another continent. Prostitution spread tremendously to fulfill women's economic needs and men's sexual needs. HAIDS spread along with these events, e.g. Cuba sent troops to Angola where they were mostly stationed near 2 countries with high HAIDS rates, Zaire and Namibia. These troops often returned to Cuba then returned to Africa. During the 1980s, HAIDS prevalence was 45 times higher among Cuban boat refugees and Marielito Cuban immigrants to the US than that claimed for all of Cuba. In fact, their HAIDS prevalence matched that of Cuba's Caribbean neighbors.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , HIV/fisiologia , Zoonoses , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , África/epidemiologia , Febre Suína Africana/epidemiologia , Febre Suína Africana/transmissão , Animais , Cuba/epidemiologia , Haiti/epidemiologia , Humanos , MEDLINE , Portugal/epidemiologia , GuerraAssuntos
Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Fixadores/farmacologia , Formaldeído/farmacologia , Vírus da Raiva/imunologia , Raiva/diagnóstico , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Imunofluorescência , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Raiva/veterinária , Manejo de Espécimes , Temperatura , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Se estudio por primera vez la enterotoxina de Clostridium perfringens (CPE) en el modelo intestino aislado de conejo.Se observaron cambios marcados sobre todo en fuerza con aumento inicial (6 min.) y luego disminucion paulatina (80 min.) para luego dar lugar a paralisis total (180 min.). La frecuencia por lo tanto tambien fue afectada en los estudios finales.A los 128 min se observaron periodos intermitentes de paralisis. El modelo sugirio la posibilidad de replicar in vitro pero en un modelo biologico, un "colico". Las lesiones histopatologicas observadas fueron principalmente de tipo descamacion, necrosis y degeneracion de la mucosa y vellosidades pero sin alteracion de la arquitectura. Se sugiere que los cambios observados son mas de tipo topico por lesiones a la mucosa, que de tipo farmaco sistemico