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A psicologia comunitária enfatiza a prevenção e promoção da saúde. Neste contexto, questões relacionadas ao consumo de drogas emergem enquanto demanda de trabalho. Diante disso, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a formação em psicologia com relação à atuação no contexto comunitário frente às demandas relacionadas ao uso de drogas, a partir da análise das matrizes curriculares. Para tanto, realizou-se uma análise das matrizes curriculares dos cursos de psicologia do Sul do país. Dos 102 cursos analisados, 21 oferecem disciplinas sobre drogas e 73 sobre comunidade. Em 12 instituições, foi identificada a presença de ambas as disciplinas. Tais resultados indicam que, embora a formação em psicologia tenha avançado quanto à psicologia comunitária, o tema “drogas” ainda é pouco explorado, o que dificulta ações pautadas num aporte teórico-metodológico que convirjam com evidências científicas relacionadas ao tema. É imprescindível uma formação que prepare o profissional para atuar de forma ética e comprometida com demandas relacionadas à questão do consumo de drogas presentes na comunidade.(AU)

Community psychology emphasizes prevention and health promotion. In this context, issues related to drug use emerge as a demand for work. Therefore, this study aimed to discuss the training of the psychologist as an ethical commitment to act in the community context regarding the demands related to drug use. For that, an analysis of the curricular matrices of the psychology courses of the country ́s South was carried out. Of the 102 courses analyzed, 21 offer courses on drugs and 73 courses on community. In 12 institutions, the presence of both disciplines was identified. Although the formation of the Psychologist has advanced in relation to community psychology, the theme "drugs" is still little explored, which hampers actions based on a theoretical and methodological contribution that converge with scientific evidence related to the theme. It is essential a training that prepares the professional to act with ethics and committed to the demands of the community.(AU)

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High tannin content in sorghum grains is an undesirable characteristic for poultry and pig feeding and represents a challenge for breeding programs. On the other hand, moderate content of tannins in sorghum may be beneficial in human diets because they exert anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and reduced carbohydrate uptake effects, among others. The aim of this study was to compare tannin contents of twenty sorghum cultivars available in Brazil, as well as to compare results obtained with four methods of tannin quantification: butanol/HCl, vanillin/HCl, BSA/FeCl3 and PVPP/Folin-Ciocalteu. The results obtained with butanol/HCl and vanillin/HCl were higher than with BSA/FeCl3 and PVPP/Folin-Ciocalteu. A known amount of purified quebracho tannin was used to test the validation of methods of tannin quantification and vanillin/HCl stood out for its high accuracy degree. The sampling used reveals wide genetic diversity regarding tannin contents. The expectation of predicting tannin contents on basis of grain color seems unfeasible.

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A descolagem de bráquetes ortodônticos são frequentes na prática clínica. O conhecimento dos fatores associados à descolagem é relevante para maior efetividade clínica na movimentação dentária. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de descolagem de bráquetes e fatores associados em pacientes que concluíram tratamento ortodôntico. Foram avaliados os prontuários de 205 pacientes de uma clínica privada tratados ortodonticamente por um único operador entre 2000 e 2013, nos quais foram utilizados o mesmo tipo de bráquete e sistema adesivo para a colagem. Para a análise univariada foram utilizadas tabelas de frequências e médias de tendência central e dispersão. Na análise bivariada foram utilizadas tabelas de dupla entrada e teste Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher. Em 45,9% dos pacientes não ocorreu descolagem de bráquetes durante todo o tratamento ortodôntico. Dos 54,1% pacientes que descolaram bráquetes, 46,3% descolaram de um a cinco bráquetes. Houve associação entre a descolagem e o tempo de tratamento. O dente que apresentou maior frequência de descolagem de bráquete foi o pré-molar inferior (44,7%). Descolagens ocorreram em 54,1% dos pacientes ao longo de todo o tratamento ortodôntico e houve associação entre descolagem e tempo de tratamento. (AU)

Introduction: Orthodontic brackets debonding is common in clinical practice. The knowledge of the factors associated to bracket debonding is relevant for greater clinical effectiveness in tooth movement. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of brackets debonding and associated factors in patients who completed orthodontic treatment. Material and Methods: The records of 205 orthodontic patients from a private clinic treated by a single operator between 2000 and 2013 were analysed, the same type of bracket and adhesive system were used for the bonding. For univariate analysis, tables of frequency and average of central tendency and dispersion were used. In the bivariate analysis were used double-entry tables and Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Results: There was no bonding failure of brackets in 45.9% of the patients during the entire orthodontic treatment. Of the 54.1% patients with bonding failure, 46.3% occurred in one to five brackets. There was an association between debonding and treatment time. The tooth with the highest bracket debonding frequency was the lower premolar (44.7%). Conclusions: Orthodontic brackets bonding failure occurred in 54.1% of patients throughout the orthodontic treatment and was associated with treatment time. (AU)

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A fístula oronasal (FON) consiste na principal sequela pós-cirúrgica da palatoplastia podendo levar a problemas funcionais, como a fala hipernasal e regurgitação de alimentos pelo nariz. Essa condição compromete o resultado do tratamento da fissura labiopalatina, e seu reparo torna-se um desafio para a equipe multidisciplinar. Este trabalho relata três casos de pacientes com fissura lábio-palatina que apresentaram FON após palatoplastia. Nos casos, foram diagnosticadas FON tipo VII (alveolar na região labial), provocadas pela tensão muscular excessiva sobre a sutura após palatoplastia. O tratamento consistiu em uma cirurgia para fechamento da fístula através da técnica de retalho mucoperiosteal, realizada por um cirurgião bucomaxilofacial. É essencial um planejamento cirúrgico adequado a fim de promover o melhor prognóstico para o paciente, visando a uma melhor qualidade de vida... (AU)

The oronasal fistula (ONF) is the main postoperative sequel of palatoplasty and can leads to functional problems such as hypernasality of voice and regurgitation of food through the nose. This condition affects the outcome of treatment of cleft palate and is challenging for the multidisciplinary team. This paper reports three cases of patients with cleft lip and palate who presented ONF after palatoplasty. In these cases, type VII ONF (alveolar in the labial region) were diagnosed, and were caused by excessive muscle tension on the suture after palatoplasty. The treatment consisted of a surgery for closure of the fistula through the mucoperiosteal flap, which was carried out performed by a maxillofacial surgeon. It is essential an appropriate surgical planning in order to promote better prognosis for the patient aiming better quality of life... (AU)

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Introdução: A prevalência e a distribuição das anomalias dentárias de número variam de acordo com a população estudada. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de anomalias dentárias de número, verificando-se a frequência com relação a gênero, localização e dentes mais acometidos. Método: Foram avaliadas 1.054 radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes com idade entre 5 e 30 anos, realizadas no período de janeiro a março de 2010, em uma clínica particular de diagnóstico por imagem de Teresina-PI. Foram registrados dados relativos a gênero, idade, presença ou ausência de anomalia, dente acometido e localização. Foram realizados os testes estatísticos Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Teste Binominal, para duas proporções. Resultado: A hipodontia, com prevalência de 4,9%, foi encontrada com mais frequência na maxila, não apresentando diferença entre os lados e os gêneros. Os dentes mais ausentes foram: incisivos laterais superiores e segundo pré-molar inferior. Em relação à hiperdontia, com prevalência de 4,0%, não foram observadas diferenças entre gêneros, lados e maxilares. As regiões com maior presença de supranumerários foram: distal dos terceiros molares e entre pré-molares inferiores. Conclusão: Foi observada prevalência de hipodontia de 4,9%, sendo mais comum na maxila, e de hiperdontia de 4%, não apresentando diferença entre maxilares, lados e gêneros.

Introduction: The prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies of number vary according to the population studied. Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental anomalies of number by assessing the frequency of hypodontia and hyperdontia regarding gender, the region of the maxila or mandible and the most affected teeth. Method: The panoramic radiographs of 1054 patients, aged 5 to 30 years, from a private diagnostic imaging clinic were evaluated. Gender, age, presence or absence of abnormality, affected teeth and region were compared. Chi-square statistical tests and Pearson Test Binominal for two proportions were carried out. Result: The prevalence of hypodontia was 4.9% and it was more frequent in the maxilla. There were no significant differences between the left and right side of the maxila or genders. The most frequently missing teeth were the maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular second premolar. The prevalence of hyperdontia was 4.0%. There were no significant differences between genders, right or left side of the maxila or mandible. The regions most frequently affected were distal to the third molars and between mandibular premolars. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypodontia was 4.9% and it was more frequent in the maxilla. The prevalence of hyperdontia was 4%. No significant differences between genders and the maxillary or mandibular region were found.

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In this study, the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding pesticide use and the levels of exposure of farmers and residents to organophosphorous and/or carbamates pesticides were evaluated in two rural settings in Brazil. A questionnaire was completed by 112 farm workers aged ≥18 years. Almost all farmers acknowledged that pesticides were potentially harmful to their health (87.5%); however, over half rarely (48.2%) or never (7.2%) used personal protective devices (PPDs). An association was found (p = 0.001) between the work regimen and the use of PPDs, with more frequent equipment use among hired laborers than those involved in family agriculture. A significant correlation (p = 0.027) was found between the reporting of adverse symptoms and the use of backpack sprayers. Mean AChE activities of farmers (n = 64) and residents (n = 18) during the exposure and non-exposure periods were significantly lower than their control groups. Mean BChE activities of farmers and residents were significantly lower than their controls during the exposure period. Among the 60 farmers that had blood samples collected in both the exposure and non-exposure (baseline) periods, 10 (16.7%) had AChE depletion of over 30% during the exposure period compared with the baseline level. Six residents living on the same farms also presented this depletion. AChE was over 30% higher than the baseline level for 19 farmers (31.7%), indicating a reboot effect. Special education programs are needed in these regions to promote the safe use of pesticides in the field to decrease the risks from exposure to pesticides for farmers, and from secondary exposure to these compounds for their families.

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Civil liability is the obligation to repair the damage that one causes someone else. Dentists must respect legal precepts and comply with the Consumer Protection and Defense Code. In order to prevent legal action, it is important to communicate with the patients and/or their caregiver. Aim: The goal of this study was to assess the number of dentists living in the city of Teresina-PI and in some other capitals of the northeastern Brazil as well as the number of reports filed against dentists to the Regional Council of Dentistry (CRO) between 2002 and 2009. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the city of Teresina, located in northeastern Brazil, with an estimated population of 802,537 inhabitants. In 2009, 1,938 dentists were registered at the CRO - Piauí, 1,239 of whom belonged to the city of Teresina. The number of reports filed against dentists is presented, using a comparative description of the data by dental specialty and states in northeastern Brazil. Results: Data collection showed that 70 complaints were registered. The majority were against orthodontists (N=16), regarding advertising (N=15) and regarding administrative, ethical or service violation (N=15, 11 of whom were dentists who worked in a nonregistered practice). Conclusions: The number of reports filed against dentists has decreased in Piauí, unlike other states. However, professionals must be aware about communication with the patient and archiving of dental charts and treatment-related documents or exams.

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INTRODUCTION: Estimating childhood cancer incidence globally is hampered by lack of reliable data and uniform age limits for classifying and analyzing data reported. In Cuba, cancer data has been systematically gathered and processed by the National Cancer Registry (NCR) since 1964. The International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC) is currently recommended for registering neoplasms in the population aged < or =19 years. Cancer incidence data published by the Cuban Ministry of Public Health, however, uses ICCC diagnostic groups for the population aged <15 years, and topographic sites for the population aged > or =15 years. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study are to describe cancer incidence in the Cuban population aged < or =19 years in 2001-2003 using the ICCC, as well as geographic distribution of incidence by sex and by principal diagnostic groups. METHODS: A descriptive study of cancer incidence in the population aged < or =19 years was conducted using NCR data for 2001-2003. ICCC diagnostic groups and subgroups were used, and 5 age groups (<1, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14 and 15-19 years) were analyzed. Total incidence and percentages for each diagnostic group were calculated. Number of cases in each diagnostic group and subgroup was also recorded by age group, and age-specific rates per 100,000 population aged < or =19 years (ASR) and age-adjusted rates to the standard world population aged < or =19 years (AAR) were calculated. AARs for leukemias, lymphomas and central nervous system (CNS) tumors were used to analyze childhood cancer risk by sex and geographical distribution in the country's 14 provinces and Isle of Youth Special Municipality. RESULTS: In 2001-2003, the NCR reported 1285 new cancer cases in the population aged < or =19 years for an overall incidence of 13.9 per 100,000 population aged < or =19 years (AAR). Highest risk was found in children aged <1 year with an ASR of 21.9 per 100,000 population aged < or =19 years. Leukemias, lymphomas and central nervous system tumors comprised 61.1% of new cases, and geographic distribution of these diagnostic groups varied by sex. Childhood cancer risk was highest for males in Ciego de Avila, Villa Clara and the Isle of Youth Special Municipality and highest for females in Sancti Spiritus, Villa Clara and Cienfuegos. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of childhood cancer in Cuba conforms to rates reported internationally and to the incidence pattern most common in Latin America. Further research is recommended to examine risk factors influencing geographical variations in incidence within Cuba.

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Introduction Cancer has been the second cause of death in Cuba since 1958. The National Cancer Registry (NCR) and the National Statistics Division of the Ministry of Public Health provide incidence, mortality and other relevant epidemiological data on the disease, as a basis for analysis and decision-making in public health planning for cancer control. Objectives Describe trends in incidence and mortality of cancer in Cuba overall and by sex since 1990, and analyze the most current 3-year data for frequent types and risk of developing and dying from cancer, by age group, sex, site, and province. Methods Cancer incidence and mortality were described using age-adjusted rates based on standard world population for 1990-2003 and 1990-2007, respectively. Crude and age-adjusted rates were calculated for the most common sites (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) by sex using the latest 3-year incidence data available (2001-2003) from the National Cancer Registry and mortality data (2005-2007) from the National Statistics Division of the Ministry of Public Health. To compare risk of developing and dying from cancer among Cuban provinces, age-adjusted rates were distributed in quartiles. Results Cancer incidence and mortality have increased in both sexes since 1990. In 2001-2003, an average of 23,710 new cancer cases were diagnosed annually (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer), and the average annual risk of developing cancer was 216.5 per 100,000 population for men and 204.0 per 100,000 population for women. Between 2005 and 2007, there were 19,671 average annual deaths from cancer in Cuba. The risk of developing and dying from cancer varies by age group and by geographic location but was highest in Havana City province. The sites with highest incidence and mortality were lung, female breast, prostate, colon, and uterine cervix. Conclusions Cancer incidence and mortality are increasing in Cuba, and the differences by site, age, sex and geographical distribution analyzed in this article, as well as recommended further research, should serve to inform adoption and implementation of more effective strategies for the Ministry of Public Health's national Comprehensive Cancer Control Program.

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Se conoce que, entre los 25 y 50 años de edad, el cáncer es más frecuente en mujeres, fundamentalmente por los cánceres ginecológicos. Se decidió describir la situación actual del cáncer en la mujer cubana. Se calcularon las tasas promedio de incidencia y mortalidad (trienio 2000-2002) por 100 000 hab, estandarizadas a la población mundial para las 10 primeras localizaciones según sexo, y las específicas por edad y provincia de residencia. Se observó que las primeras localizaciones en mujeres, excluyendo piel, son: mama (mayor riesgo en occidente), cuello de útero (mayores riesgos en el oriente), pulmón y colon. Entre 20 y 39 años de edad el cáncer más frecuente es el de cuello de útero y en los grupos restantes es el de mama. Se insistió en el papel de la prevención para reducir la magnitud del problema cáncer en la mujer. Las acciones deben concentrarse en disminuir el hábito de fumar, modificar estilos de vida e incrementar la participación en los programas de diagnóstico precoz.

It is known that cancer, mainly the gynecological type, is more frequent in women aged 25-50 years, so it was decided to describe the current situation of cancer affecting the Cuban woman. Average incidence and mortality rates per 100 000 pop (2000-2002),standardized for the ten first locations by sex worldwide and specific by age and province of residence, were estimated. It was observed that the first locations in women, except for skin, were breast (highest incidence in the West), uterine neck (higher risks in the East), lung and colon. Uterine cancer is more common in 20-39 years age group whereas breast cancer predominates in the remaining groups. The role of prevention to reduce the extension of cancer in the female was stressed. Actions to be taken should be focused on reducing smoking, changing lifestyles and increasing the involvement of females in early diagnosis programs.

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