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We aimed to determine the performance of the 2017 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) classification criteria for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) in a cohort of Chilean patients. This single-center retrospective study included 151 patients with a clinical diagnosis of IIM. Patients were classified according to the 2017 EULAR/ACR classification criteria for IIM, and its performance was compared to the Bohan & Peter (B&P) classification criteria. A total of 135 patients (89.4%) met the EULAR/ACR criteria, and 140 (92.7%) patients met the B&P criteria. A total of 130 patients had IIM according to both the criteria; concordance rate was 29.2% for definite IIM, 6.2% for probable IIM, and 1.5% for possible IIM. The kappa coefficient of agreement was weak between the 2 classification criteria (κ = 0.39, SD 0.15-0.64). Against gold standard expert physician's diagnosis, sensitivity, and specificity of EULAR/ACR criteria was 0.86 and 0.85 to diagnose dermatomyositis, respectively, and 0.73 and 0.87 to diagnose polymyositis. The EULAR/ACR criteria showed good sensitivity and identified more patients with probable or definite IIM than the B&P criteria in a single-center cohort of patients with IIM in South America. The sensitivity of the EULAR/ACR criteria was slightly higher in patients with dermatomyositis, but lower in patients with polymyositis, than that of the B&P criteria.
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Doenças do Colágeno , Dermatomiosite , Miosite , Doenças Reumáticas , Reumatologia , Humanos , Dermatomiosite/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , América Latina , Miosite/diagnóstico , Chile , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In Europe, Latin-America, and Asia, poly-consultation has become a complex problem for managing different healthcare systems. However, in the current literature, little attention has been paid to exploring territorial and critical analysis perspectives to manage unexplained symptoms. The purpose of this study is to analyze the socio-structural elements that underlie the users' phenomenon of poly-consultation or hyperfrequency in the Chilean primary healthcare system (PHCS). METHODS: This paper represents qualitative data collected as part of an exploratory study that used mixed methods across three metropolitan areas of Santiago, Valparaíso, and Concepción, Chile. The study involved a sample of 24 subjects from administrative and management positions in PHC who were recruited from Family Health Care Centers, considering urban municipalities from the low, medium, and high stratum. The study collected data using one set of semi-standardized interviews during a year-data analysis using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: This article shows that poly-consultant patients provide a critical clinic category to management that cannot be cover by current biomedical models. Data showed the strain of a somatoform category, especially in the clinic and epistemological exercise. Precisely, the relevance of Chile's case, a mixed health system, and their effects: the naturalization of collective problems managed as individual problems. CONCLUSIONS: The study results can inform healthcare professionals and managers of developing practical and territorially based. We conclude that hyperfrequency and poly-consultation in Chile reveal relevant stratification in the territory. Those particularities open an opportunity to study quantitative methods, including current analysis categories, to develop new research.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: La esclerodermia localizada o morfea corresponde a una patología idiopática autoinmune que produce cambios escleróticos subcutáneos, que presenta diferencias con respecto a la esclerosis sistémica o esclerodermia. Un tipo de morfea lineal es la morfea "En Coup de Sabre" que consiste en la contracción y rigidez de la piel que culmina con una depresión de parte de la mitad del rostro, que puede asociarse a síntomas oftalmológicos y neurológicos. Aquí se describe un caso en un hombre joven con este tipo de morfea lineal. PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO: Hombre de 23 años presenta lesión cutánea de morfología triangular en región frontal izquierda, por lo que decide consultar a dermatología, dónde se maneja con corticoides tópicos. Dos años después, la lesión sigue creciendo y se asocia a cefalea occipital, sin otros síntomas sistémicos. Se decide estudiar con biopsia, ecografía de cuero cabelludo y resonancia nuclear magnética (RNM) cerebral con gadolinio. Se diagnostica morfea en coup de sabre e indica tratamiento inmunosupresor. DISCUSIÓN: Dado que la Morfea en Coup de Sabre es una patología que compromete el rostro, es relevante realizar una derivación al oftalmólogo para evaluación de compromiso ocular y realizar una RNM para evaluación neurológica, en este caso ambos estudios resultaron negativos. El estudio serológico no es siempre necesario y debemos ser cautelosos en el uso de esta herramienta. Cuando existen dudas diagnósticas, se puede recurrir a una biopsia del tejido comprometido, la que debe incluir grasa subcutánea. La biopsia también ayuda para ver el grado de compromiso cutáneo que presenta el paciente. Con respecto al manejo, los corticoides tópicos son la elección para el manejo de lesiones agudas. El Metotrexato ha demostrado ser útil en lesiones agudas y profundas, asociado o no a corticoides.
INTRODUCTION: Localized scleroderma or morphea is an idiopathic autoimmune disorder that causes subcutaneous sclerotic changes and is different from systemic sclerosis or scleroderma. The morphea in "coup de Sabre" is a subtype of linear morphea that usually involves the forehead and scalp causing contraction and stiffness of the skin that culminates in a depression and that may be associated with ocular and neurological symptoms. We present a case of a young male patient with morphea in coup de sabre. CASE PRESENTATION: A 23 years old male patient presents with a skin lesion of triangular morphology in the left-frontal region. He was initially treated with topical corticosteroids, but had persistent growing of the skin lesion associated with new onset occipital headache. Ultrasound of the lesion as well as skin biopsy were performed confirming morphea in coup de sabre. Brain magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium was normal. Inmunosuppresive tratment was started. DISCUSSION: Morphea in Coup de sabre is an rare disease. It is more frequent in women and children. Because it involves the deep tissues of the face and forehead, it is relevant to rule out any ocular or neurological involvement. The serological study is usually not necessary and results are of uncertain interpretation. When the diagnosis is unclear, a biopsy of the compromised tissue may help to identify inflammation and/or atrophy and to evaluate the degree of activity of the lesion. Ultrasound is also an useful tool for evaluation of the activity of the skin lesion, comparable to biopsy. Regarding treatment, topical corticosteroids are the first line therapy for acute lesions. Methotrexate has proven to be useful in deeper active lesions, with or without corticosteroids. Finally, there is an important asociation between this type of lineal morphea and progressive hemifacial atrophy (Parry Romberg syndome), which may involve the brain and needs to be referred to the specialist as soon as possible.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Esclerodermia Localizada/diagnóstico , Esclerodermia Localizada/terapia , Exame Físico , Biópsia , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Resumen El presente trabajo corresponde a una investigación de la lesionología y antecedentes personales de las personas que han muerto de manera suicida en Costa Rica de 2010 a 2016. De los 2174 autopsias de suicidios que se realizaron en la Sección de Patología Forense del Departamento de Medicina Legal del Organismo de Investigación Judicial de Costa Rica, tomando como fuente de información la base de datos del Sistema de Automatización de Patología Forense del Departamento de Medicina Legal, se extrajo una muestra de 353 y a estos se les investigó información adicional en expediente y otros registros de poder judicial para obtener información relacionada con antecedentes patológicos personales, antecedentes sociales y mayores detalles del suicidio. Además, según el tipo de lesión que produjo la muerte, se caracteriza el tipo de asfixia, la localización del nudo, el lugar de ingreso del proyectil de arma de fuego o el tipo de sustancia usada para el suicidio.
Abstract The present work corresponds to research of the lesionology and personal antecedents of people that have died in a suicidal way in Costa Rica from 2010 to 2016. From the 2174 autopsies of suicides that were realized in the Section of Forensic Pathology of the Department of Legal Medicine of the Judicial Investigation Organization of Costa Rica, taking as a source of information the database of the Forensic Pathology Automation System of the Department of Legal Medicine, a sample of 353 was extracted and additional information was researched in the forensic file and other records of judicial system to obtain information related to personal pathological background, social background and more details of suicide. In addition, depending on the type of injury that caused the death, the type of asphyxia, the location of the knot, the place of entry of the firearm projectile or the type of substance used for suicide are characterized.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Autopsia , Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Causas de Morte , Costa RicaRESUMO
Resumen El suicidio es un problema importante de salud pública. La presente investigación corresponde a un análisis estadístico descriptivo de los aspectos sociodemográficos de las personas que fallecen de manera suicida en Costa Rica durante el períodos de 2010 a 2016. Se toman los casos del Sistema de Automatización de Patología Forense del Departamento de Medicina Legal. Se hace un agrupamiento de datos según lugar de ocurrencia, edades, causa de muerte y ocupación. Se realiza la estadística descriptiva, se hace cruces de variables y se analizan las proporciones obtenidas mediante pruebas de Chi cuadrado de Pearson y Pruebas de Z con corrección de Bonferroni. Hubo 2174 casos, distribuidos usualmente en más de 300 casos por año. El suicidio es más frecuente en hombres, ente 19 y 44 años, solteros, no profesionales y la causa de muerte más común es asfixia por ahorcadura, luego intoxicación por agroquímicos y finalmente herida por arma de fuego.
Abstract Suicide is a major public health problem. The present investigation corresponds to a descriptive statistical analysis of the sociodemographic aspects of the people who died in a suicidal way in Costa Rica from 2010 to 2016. The cases were taken from the Forensic Pathology Automation System of the Department of Legal Medicine. A grouping of data is made according to place of occurrence, age, cause of death and occupation. Descriptive statistics are carried out, cross-data analysis are executed and the proportions obtained are analyzed by means of Pearson´s Chi-square test and Z-test with Bonferroni correction. There were 2174 cases, usually distributed in more than 300 cases per year. Suicide is more frequent in men, between 19 and 44 years of age, single, non-professional and the most common cause of death is asphyxia due to hanging, then intoxication by agrochemicals and finally wounding by firearm projectile.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Suicídio , Epidemiologia , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Costa RicaRESUMO
Los síndromes de falsa identificación delirante (DMS, por su sigla en inglés) son trastornos neuropsiquiátricos poco frecuentes que se caracterizan por tener ideas delirantes respecto a la propia identidad y la de otras personas, animales o lugares conocidos por el paciente. Los principales DMS son el Síndrome de Capgras (SC), el de Fregoli, el de doble subjetivo y el de intermetamorfosis. Se presentan en contexto tanto de enfermedades psiquiátricas como en cuadros orgánicos. Distintos modelos han tratado de encontrar una explicación a los DMS, con aportes tanto desde la psicología como de las neurociencias. Entre las causas están enfermedades neurodegenerativas, cuadros psiquiátricos, alteraciones estructurales, efecto de drogas, y alteraciones metabólicas. El manejo depende de la patología de base y las características clínicas específicas. Esta revisión se centra específicamente en el SC, ya que dentro de los DMS, es el más frecuente y estudiado
Delusional misidentification syndromes (DMS) are rare neuropsychiatric disorders that are characterized by having delirious ideas regarding one's and other people, animals or places identity known by the patient. The main DMS are the Capgras syndrome, the Fregoli syndrome, the subjective double syndrome and the intermetamorphosis syndrome. They appear in context of both psychiatric illnesses and organic disorders. Different models have tried to find an explanation to the DMS, with contributions from both psychology and neurosciences. Among the causes are neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric symptoms, structural alterations, drug effects, and metabolic alterations. Management depends on the underlying pathology and the specific clinical characteristics. This review focuses specifically on the SC, since within the DMS, it is the most frequent and studied.
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Humanos , Síndrome de Capgras/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Capgras/etiologia , Síndrome de Capgras/terapia , Síndrome de Capgras/epidemiologia , Transtornos Paranoides , Transtornos Psicóticos , Delírio , Demência , Diagnóstico DiferencialRESUMO
Resumen:La intoxicación se considera como una manifestación patológica definida por los signos y síntomas que secundarios a la acción de una o varias dosis de un agente tóxico y su evolución puede llevar al sujeto a un estado irreversible e incluso a la muerte. Cada año mueren alrededor de un millón de personas a consecuencia de diversos envenenamientos. La intoxicación alcohólica es causada por alcoholes, compuestos orgánicos que se derivan de los hidrocarburos y están formados por grupos hidroxilos. El etanol es el alcohol que con más frecuencia produce intoxicaciones ya que es el más común y el que más al alcance de la población se encuentra, este produce múltiples alteraciones a nivel del sistema nervioso y de otros sistemas del organismo.
Abstract:Intoxication is considered a pathological manifestation defined by the signs and symptoms secondary to the action of one or more doses of a toxic agent and its evolution may lead to an irreversible subject to state and even to death.Every year about a million people as a result of various poisonings. Alcohol intoxication is caused by alcohols, organic compounds derived hydrocarbons and consist of hydroxyl groups. Ethanol is the alcohol intoxication occurs more frequently because it is the most common and the most accessible to the population is, this results in multiple abnormalities in the nervous system and other body systems.
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Humanos , Etanol/efeitos adversos , Intoxicação Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Costa RicaRESUMO
A sylvatic Triatoma infestans DM (dark morph) population detected in the Bolivian Chaco was characterized and compared with various domestic ones. The degree of differentiation of DM was clearly within the T. infestans intra-specific level. Nevertheless marked chromatic and morphometric differences as well as differences in antennal pattern, chromosome banding and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA support the hypothesis of a distinct population. Continuous exchange of insects between wild and domestic habitats seems unlikely in the Chaco
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Animais , Triatoma/genética , Bolívia , Bandeamento Cromossômico , Ecossistema , Filogenia , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , Triatoma/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
Estudio estadístico de la mortalidad infantil en el Ecuador en los períodos de 1981 y 1979-1980, presenta tendencias de principales causas que ocasionan la muerte, análisis de factores sociales y extructura económica, datos recolectados por áreas geográficas. Finalmente expone los resultados y conclusiones obtenidad en esta investigación...