RESUMO
BACKGROUND: People with schizophrenia generally refrain from manifesting somatic symptoms, and may not complain of pain. Therefore these patients may have an insensitivity to pain. AIM: To determine the prevalence of chronic pain in a sample of patients with schizophrenia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) was answered by 79 outpatients with schizophrenia with a mean age of 47 years (67% men) attended at a public hospital in Chile. RESULTS: Chronic pain, defined as lasting more than six months, was reported by 15.2 % of patients. Acute pain was reported by 63% of patients. No significant differences were observed in sociodemographic characteristics or duration of illness between patients with acute or chronic pain. The assessment of the different pain dimensions showed a predominance of sensory and affective components, with pain rating indexes of 0.82 and 0.71, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the prevalence of pain among people with schizophrenia, is similar to that of the general population.
Assuntos
Dor Crônica , Esquizofrenia , Chile/epidemiologia , Dor Crônica/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , Prevalência , Esquizofrenia/complicações , Esquizofrenia/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Background: People with schizophrenia generally refrain from manifesting somatic symptoms, and may not complain of pain. Therefore these patients may have an insensitivity to pain. Aim: To determine the prevalence of chronic pain in a sample of patients with schizophrenia. Patients and Methods: The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) was answered by 79 outpatients with schizophrenia with a mean age of 47 years (67% men) attended at a public hospital in Chile. Results: Chronic pain, defined as lasting more than six months, was reported by 15.2 % of patients. Acute pain was reported by 63% of patients. No significant differences were observed in sociodemographic characteristics or duration of illness between patients with acute or chronic pain. The assessment of the different pain dimensions showed a predominance of sensory and affective components, with pain rating indexes of 0.82 and 0.71, respectively. Conclusions: These results indicate that the prevalence of pain among people with schizophrenia, is similar to that of the general population.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esquizofrenia/complicações , Esquizofrenia/epidemiologia , Dor Crônica/epidemiologia , Medição da Dor , Chile/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To report long-term HIV treatment outcomes in 7 Caribbean countries. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. METHODS: We report outcomes for all antiretroviral therapy (ART) naive adult patients enrolled on ART from program inception until study closing for cohorts in Barbados, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Trinidad, and Puerto Rico. Incidence and predictors of mortality were analyzed by time-to-event approaches. RESULTS: A total of 8203 patients were on ART from 1998 to 2008. Median follow-up time was 31 months (interquartile range: 14-50 months). The overall mortality was 13%: 6% in Martinique, 8% in Jamaica, 11% in Trinidad, 13% in Haiti, 15% in the Dominican Republic, 15% in Barbados, and 24% in Puerto Rico. Mortality was associated with male gender [hazard ratio (HR), 1.58; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33 to 1.87], body weight (HR, 0.85 per 10 pounds; 95% CI: 0.82 to 0.89), hemoglobin (HR, 0.84 per g/dL; 95% CI: 0.80 to 0.88), CD4 cell count (0.90 per 50 CD4 cells; 95% CI: 0.86 to 0.93), concurrent tuberculosis (HR, 1.58; 95% CI: 1.25 to 2.01) and age (HR, 1.19 per 10 years; 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.28). After controlling for these variables, mortality in Martinique, Jamaica, Trinidad, and Haiti was not significantly different. A total of 75% of patients remained alive and in care at the end of the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term mortality rates vary widely across the Caribbean countries. Much of the difference can be explained by disease severity at ART initiation, nutritional status, and concurrent tuberculosis. Earlier ART initiation will be critical to improve the outcomes.