RESUMO
Background: Most dairy cattle breeds originate show an average generational inbreeding rate of 1%, which favors the occurrence of recessive defects associated with low reproductive performance. Aim: The objective of this study was to monitor recessive defects associated with low reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Methods: To monitor bulls carrying the Holstein Friesian haplotype (HH) 1, HH3, and HH4 haplotypes, we analyzed the records of 3,028 national and imported Holstein Friesian bulls from the 2021 updated sires' catalog published by "Evaluaciones Genéticas Lecheras"; and to determine the presence of these mentioned haplotypes, as well as Jersey haplotype (JH) 1 and complex vertebral malformation (CVM), were genotype with the GeneTitan® 2,500 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) bovine chip, estimate their frequencies and evaluate their impact on the fertility of 100 Holstein Friesian cows and 70 Holstein Friesian-Jersey crosses belonging to an experimental dairy. Results: From a total of 1,468 (48.5%) bulls with genetic information from the sires' catalog for HH1 and 1,471 (48.6%) for HH3 and HH4, we found 90 (6.1%) carriers for HH1, 60 (4.1%) for HH3, and 6 (0.4%) for HH4, respectively. By genotyping with the chip, we calculated the herd frequency of the mutant alleles and herd prevalence of carriers for HH1 and CVM as q = 0.003 and 0.022; 0.59% and 4.3% (call rate >0.99), respectively. No mutant alleles were found for HH3, HH4, and JH1 in the analyzed population. We examined reproductive data by observing the presence of CVM and HH1 mutant alleles in repeat cows with an average of four services to achieve pregnancy. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the presence of recessive defects associated with low reproductive performance in the analyzed population, which can affect the health and productivity of dairy cattle. Therefore, cows and bulls should be closely monitored through genetic testing to lower the incidence of recessive defects in dairy cattle.
Assuntos
Fertilidade , Gravidez , Feminino , Bovinos/genética , Animais , Masculino , Uruguai , Genótipo , Fertilidade/genética , HaplótiposRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the transfer of residues of five ß-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, penicillin G, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin and cephalexin) and two tetracyclines (tetracycline and oxytetracycline) in the processing of cheese and whey powder, evaluating the effect of the processes and the final concentration in each product generated. Raw milk was fortified at two concentration levels with the seven antibiotics. The first concentration level (C1) was chosen according to the maximum residue limit (MRL) of each antibiotic (ampicillin and penicillin G: 4 µg kg-1; cloxacillin and dicloxacillin: 30 µg kg-1; cephalexin, tetracycline and oxytetracycline: 100 µg kg-1). The second concentration level (C2) was spiked as follows according to each antibiotic: 0.5 MRL (cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, cephalexin), 0.1 MRL (tetracycline and oxytetracycline) and 3 MRL (ampicillin and penicillin G). The antibiotics were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. No ampicillin or penicillin G residues were found in cheese or whey powder, although they were detected in whey at concentrations similar to those added to raw milk. Cephalexin was mostly distributed in whey between 82% and 96%, being the antibiotic that presented the highest concentration in whey powder (784 ± 98 µg kg-1) when milk was spiked at the MRL. The whey distribution of cloxacillin and dicloxacillin ranged from 57% to 59% for cloxacillin and from 46% to 48% for dicloxacillin, and both concentrated in whey powder. Tetracyclines were the antibiotics that concentrated in cheese, with retentions between 75% and 80% for oxytetracycline and between 83% and 87% for tetracycline. The distribution of antibiotics in the dissimilar stages of the cheese and whey powder production processes, as well as their concentration in the final products, depend on each type of antibiotic. Knowledge of the transfer of antibiotic residues during the process and final disposal is an input for the risk assessment of their consumption.
Assuntos
Queijo , Resíduos de Drogas , Oxitetraciclina , Animais , Leite/química , beta-Lactamas/análise , Tetraciclina/análise , Pós/análise , Queijo/análise , Oxitetraciclina/análise , Soro do Leite/química , Dicloxacilina/análise , Cromatografia Líquida , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Antibacterianos/análise , Tetraciclinas/análise , Cloxacilina , Ampicilina , Cefalexina , Resíduos de Drogas/análiseRESUMO
Este trabajo se realiza en el contexto de un Proyecto de Innovación Curricular (PIC) de la FCM-UNA, basado en un modelo desarrollado por K, Troncoso y sobre la base de las tendencias y lineamientos actuales de la educación superior y la formación profesional universitaria que orienta y guía la construcción, tanto en el diseño como en la instalación y gestión, de currículos universitarios basados en competencias. Considera Hitos, fases, criterios y productos y forma parte de una propuesta metodológica y conceptual que se ha utilizado como marco de referencia y que permite organizar y estructurar la innovación curricular en la carrera de medicina. El hito 1 se refiere al levantamiento de información de las demandas y necesidades de formación a través del análisis de fuentes de investigación, actores claves y diversos marcos de referencia, para organizar y estructurar compromisos formativos para la elaboración y declaración del perfil de egreso. Por lo tanto significa justificar las decisiones tomadas, argumentando desde la lógica de la formación, la racionalidad que se espera modelar y los problemas, situaciones o contexto sobre los que el egresado actuará, utilizando como referencia las respuestas y posición frente al levantamiento de información. Esto responde a exigencias por parte de la sociedad, y así también para poder instalar una propuesta educativa con formación profesional universitaria pertinente. El hito 2 se refiere al análisis y síntesis de la información obtenida de los actores relevantes, de manera a tomar decisiones sobre cuáles son las demandas y necesidades en la formación de los estudiantes de la FCM-UNA. De esta forma ir avanzando hacia la declaración de los compromisos formativos y su representación en el perfil de egreso.
This work is done in the context of Curricular Innovation Project (CIP) of the FCM UNA, based on a model developed by K, Troncoso and based on current trends and guidelines of superior education and degree training that guides the construction, both in the design and installation of university curricula based on competencies. It considers milestones, stages, criteria and products, and forms part of a methodological and conceptual approach which has been used as a reference that allows to organize and structure the curriculum innovation in medical career. Milestone 1 refers to the obtainment of demands and needs of training through the analysis of research sources, stakeholders and various frameworks, to organize and structure training commitments for the development and declaration of the graduate profile. Therefore it means justify the decisions taken, arguing from the logic of training, the rationality that is expected to model and the problems, situation or context on which the graduate will act, using as reference the responses and position on the collection of information This responds to demands from society, and thus also to install an educational proposal with relevant university training. The milestone 2 refers to the analysis and synthesis of information from relevant stakeholders, in order to make decisions about what are the demands and needs in the training of students of the FCM-UNA. Thus moving towards the declaration of training commitments and its representation in the graduate profile.
RESUMO
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The presence of compatible fungi is necessary for epiphytic orchid recruitment. Thus, identifying associated mycorrhizal fungi at the population level is essential for orchid conservation. Recruitment patterns may also be conditioned by factors such as seed dispersal range and specific environmental characteristics. METHODS: In a forest plot, all trees with a diameter at breast height >1 cm and all individuals of the epiphytic orchid Epidendrum rhopalostele were identified and mapped. Additionally, one flowering individual of E. rhopalostele per each host tree was randomly selected for root sampling and DNA extraction. KEY RESULTS: A total of 239 E. rhopalostele individuals were located in 25 of the 714 potential host trees. Light microscopy of sampled roots showed mycorrhizal fungi in 22 of the 25 sampled orchids. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences yielded two Tulasnella clades. In four cases, plants were found to be associated with both clades. The difference between univariate and bivariate K functions was consistent with the random labeling null model at all spatial scales, indicating that trees hosting clades A and B of Tulasnella are not spatially segregated. The analysis of the inhomogenous K function showed that host trees are not clustered, suggesting no limitations to population-scale dispersal. χ(2) analysis of contingency tables showed that E. rhopalostele is more frequent on dead trees than expected. CONCLUSIONS: EPIDENDRUM RHOPALOSTELE establishes mycorrhizal associations with at least two different Tulasnella species. The analysis of the distribution patterns of this orchid suggests a microsite preference for dead trees and no seed dispersal limitation.
Assuntos
Basidiomycota/genética , Ecossistema , Micorrizas , Orchidaceae , Filogenia , Raízes de Plantas/microbiologia , Árvores , Sequência de Bases , Basidiomycota/classificação , DNA Fúngico , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico , Orchidaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Orchidaceae/microbiologia , Dispersão Vegetal , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Especificidade da Espécie , SimbioseRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral manifestations in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving chemotherapy, and to evaluate the significance of independent risk factors (oral health, gender, age, time and type of treatment, and phase of chemotherapy). A cross-sectional study was made in 49 children with ALL between 2 and 14 years of age. To describe oral manifestations, a clinical diagnosis was made and the following criteria were applied: the OHI-S index to describe oral health and the IMPA index to describe periodontal conditions and to differentiate gingivitis from periodontitis. The prevalence of oral manifestations was: gingivitis, 91.84%; caries, 81.63%; mucositis, 38.77%; periodontitis, 16.32%; cheilitis, 18.36%; recurrent herpes, 12.24%; and primary herpetic gingivostomatitis, 2.04%. Other oral manifestations were: dry lips, mucosal pallor, mucosal petechiae, ecchymoses, and induced ulcers. The prevalence of oral candidiasis was 6.12%. It was observed that high risk ALL and poor oral hygiene were important risk factors for the development of candidiasis and gingivitis. The type of leukemia, gender and phase of chemotherapy were apparently associated with the presence of candidiasis, gingivitis, and periodontitis, and they could be considered risk factors for the development of oral manifestations.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Doenças da Boca/epidemiologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Candidíase Bucal/epidemiologia , Queilite/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Equimose/epidemiologia , Feminino , Gengivite/epidemiologia , Humanos , Doenças Labiais/epidemiologia , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Higiene Bucal , Úlceras Orais/epidemiologia , Periodontite/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Púrpura/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Estomatite/epidemiologia , Estomatite Herpética/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Objetivo: identificar las condiciones de la vivienda a ser mejorada mediante la acción con las familias del sector de Montegrande, mediante la participación de sus integrantes. Material y métodos: el estudio corresponde a una Investigación Acción - Participativa. La población estuvo conformada por 48 familias a las cuales se aplicó como instrumento de selección una ficha de evaluación de riesgo, que permitió obtener una muestra constituida por diez familias de mediano riesgo. El trabajo se basó en el modelo desarrollado por el sociólogo T. Rodríguez Villasante y colaboradores, a través del ômétodo de análisis de redes y conjuntos de acciónõ, constituido por fases: a) diálogo-negociación: que consistió en la sensibilización y compromiso de las familias participantes; b) recogida de información, utilizando dos instrumentos de recolección: el mapa parlante y la ficha ôcaritasõ para el diagnóstico intradomiciliario; c) devolución: conjuntamente con la familia se analizó el porqué de la situación actual de la vivienda y como mejorarla d) ejecución y evaluación. Resultados: el 70 por ciento de las familias mejoraron el saneamiento de su vivienda, realizando prácticas de higiene adecuadas (ambientes limpios y ordenados). Las familias manifestaron haber fortalecido la solidaridad y se comprometieron a continuar con la mejora e implementación de sus viviendas. Conclusión: las actividades de promoción de la salud con y para las familias están vinculadas al compromiso, involucramiento y participación activa de la familia, elementos clave para la aceptación y desarrollo de programas que buscan el cambio, potencialización de capacidades y bienestar del individuo, familia y población, en beneficio de su salud y calidad de vida.
Objective: To identify the conditions of the housing to be improved through the action with the participation of the members family of Montegrande's sector. Material and methods: the study corresponds to an Action Research - Participatory. The population was made up of 48 families, to whom was applied like a selection tool, a record of risk's evaluation. It allowed to obtain a sample of 10 medium risk families. The research was based on the model developed by the sociologist. Rodriguez Villasante and colleagues, through the method of <Assuntos
Humanos
, Masculino
, Feminino
, Família
, Promoção da Saúde
, Saneamento de Residências
RESUMO
A case control study concerning intraabdominal pressure (IAP) in relation with mortality was developed in postoperative patients admitted in the intensive care unit of the Holguin General University Hospital V I Lenin in Cuba from March 1998 to March 2002. A total of 207 patients were included. The most frequently affected age groups were 16-35 years of age and 36-55 years of age. Sex distribution was similar. Mean IAP of diseased patients was 13.138333, S=5.8248008; meanwhile, patients who survived had 11.453299, S=4.9293458. There was a statistically significant difference between both groups (ANOVA) F=4.4726752). Proportion of diseased/alive patients also increased with greater values of IAP. There was specificity of 97.95% for predicting mortality when IAP was >21 cm of H2O and negative predictive value of 91.66% if IAP was <5 cm of H2O. We conclude that IAP is a good predictor of mortality for postoperative patients admitted to the intensive care unit. There is a very high probability of death if IAP is >21 cm of H2O and low probability if IAP is >5 cm of H2O.
Assuntos
Abdome/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Pressão , PrognósticoRESUMO
La investigación se desarrolló con el objetivo de determinar y analizar la relación que existe entre el trabajo que realizan en las calles los niños y adolescenteS con los problemas de salud que presentan y los problemas sociales a los que se exponen. El estudio es de tipo descriptivo, correlacional y de diseño transversal. La información se recolectó observando y entrevistando a 80 niños y adolescentes que se encontraban trabajando en las calles, plazas, mercados y durante las reuniones que tienen con los Educadores de la Calle del Instituto Nacional de Binestar Familiar, Jaén. Trabajan para apoyar económicamente a su familia y estudian el 87,5 por ciento. Se ha verificado que existe una relación representativa entre el trabajo y los problemas de salud en un 90 por ciento, accidentes 32 por ciento y la exposición a problemas sociales específicos en un 85 por ciento. Presentan algún problema social el 48,8 por ciento entre ellos tenemos el hurto, el alcoholismo, la drogadicción y la prostitución encubierta como vendedoras de golosinas o de gelatina en la plaza de armas. Además se encontró que el 70 por ciento de los niños y adolescentes trabajadores son maltratados físicamente y psicológicamente en su seno familiar, generando en ellos resentimiento y actitudes agresivas, en unos y en otros, profunda tristeza.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Humanos , Nível de Saúde , Problemas Sociais , Trabalho InfantilRESUMO
La investigación hace referencia a la determinación social del perfil reproductivo de las mujeres adolescentes atendidas por el Ministerio de Salud de Jaén, en este sentido se basa en el referencial teórico metodológico de la epidemiología social. La recolección de datos fue realizada en 266 mujeres adolescentes atendidas por los establecimientos de salud de Jaén, a través de un cuestionario aplicado mediante una entrevista estructurada. Los resultados presentan evidencias de que las adolescentes fueron y son sometidas a relaciones sociales que determinan su perfil reproductivo biológico. Estas evidencias pueden ser observadas en las relaciones sociales establecidas en el trabajo doméstico, trabajo extradoméstico, de tipo eventual; en la violencia conyugal que llega, inclusive, hasta provocar abortos espontáneos. De otro lado, se observa el abandono de las mujeres adolescentes en circunstancias de embarazo no deseado, por lo cual se ven en situaciones de aplicar la práctica del aborto, que en su gran mayoría son decididos por ellas mismas. Así también en el uso de anticonceptivos, la participación del esposo y/o conviviente es prácticamente nula, quedando la mujer adolescente como única responsable. Por los resultados se puede concluir la persistencia de las precarias condiciones de vida para la mayoría de las entrevistadas, lo cual influye de manera directa en la calidad de vida y de otros aspectos importantes en las adolescentes. Finalmente, este estudio recalca la influencia del sistema capitalista dependiente y androcéntrico en la asistencia de salud prestada en los servicios del Ministerio de Salud de Jaén.