RESUMO
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to quantify the area of the mastoid triangle (MT) and assess potential morphometric differences between males and females. PATIENTS: The sample consisted of 244 dry human skulls, with biological sex known based on genetic analysis, collected from a medicolegal osteological database from Central-Western Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was observational, analytical, and cross-sectional. The skulls were analyzed using Heron's equation to calculate the area of the MT. The landmarks connecting each of the sides of the triangle were: Porion (Po)>Mastoidale (Ma)>Asterion (Ast). Morphometric references were calculated and compared based on sex. RESULTS: The area of the MT was nearly 14% larger in males compared to females (p<0.05). The mean MT area for the right and left sides of males were 684.11±93.25mm2 and 668.94±111.95mm2, respectively. In females, the mean MT for the right and left sides were 588.93±91.09mm2 and 582.88±102.98mm2, respectively. Right and left side measurements were significantly different (p<0.05), except for Po-Ast (p=0.232). CONCLUSION: Morphometric features regarding the MT were slightly different between males and females. Application of the MT as a dimorphic tool should be adjuvant. Moreover, this tool should be considered carefully, especially because the sex-based differences were statistically significant, but discrete between males and females.
Assuntos
Processo Mastoide , Caracteres Sexuais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Cefalometria , Estudos Transversais , Processo Mastoide/anatomia & histologia , CrânioRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The present study evaluated the influence of a flowable resin layer on bond strength between resin cement and a universal adhesive applied using an immediate dentin sealing (IDS) technique. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Coronary portions of bovine teeth were randomly divided into six groups (n=15). In the IDS.U group, the exposed dentin was immediately sealed with the Single Bond Universal adhesive (3M ESPE) following the self-etching protocol. In the IDS.UF group, a layer of Filtek Z350 (3M ESPE) flow resin was applied over the universal adhesive. In the DDS (control) group, the dentin was kept "fresh" and delayed dentin sealing was performed. After 24 hours in distilled water at 37°C, dentin surfaces were treated with pumice, phosphoric acid, and the application of the universal adhesive in the IDS.U and IDS. UF groups. The DDS group was treated with pumice and the universal adhesive was applied. The samples received cylinders of resin cement Rely X Ultimate (3M ESPE) made with the aid of starch tubes of 0.96 mm in diameter and 2 mm in length. They were submitted to the microshear bond strength test (µSBS) at 0.5 mm/min, after 24 hours (T1) and 3 months (T2). The fracture areas were evaluated qualitatively using a DSM 300 microscope (KOZO) with 45× magnification and classified as: adhesive, cohesive in cement, cohesive in dentin, or mixed. Samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were compared statistically between groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and intra-groups using the Mann-Whitney test (α=0.05). RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups for the bond strength values (p>0.05). The IDS.UF group showed higher values at 3 months, when compared to the values of 24 hours (p<0.001). All groups showed a predominance of adhesive fracture (86.7% to 100%). SEM showed dentinal tubules exposed in the IDS.U and DDS groups; in the IDS.UF group, the tubules were completely sealed. CONCLUSIONS: The flow resin can be used on the adhesive when using the IDS technique because it increased the bond strength values after 3 months and promoted effective sealing of the dentinal tubules.
Assuntos
Colagem Dentária , Cimentos de Resina , Animais , Bovinos , Colagem Dentária/métodos , Cimentos Dentários/química , Cimentos Dentários/uso terapêutico , Análise do Estresse Dentário , Dentina , Adesivos Dentinários/química , Adesivos Dentinários/uso terapêutico , Teste de Materiais , Cimentos de Resina/química , Cimentos de Resina/uso terapêutico , Resistência à TraçãoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to test the reliability and validity of two software systems used to measure the pharyngeal airway space three-dimensionally. A sample of 40 cone beam computed tomography images from adult patients was taken from a database. The cone beam computed tomography images were analysed by InVivoDental and Dolphin 3D software systems by two calibrated examiners. Three nasopharynx and oropharynx prototypes were used as a reference standard to validate the software systems. The volume, minimum area and minimum area localization were the measurements tested. Measurements were compared using a paired t-test; correlated using Pearson's correlation and linear regression. Bland-Altman analysis was also used. We found significant differences in the oropharynx volume (P=0.002) and nasopharynx minimum area localization (P=0.009). The Dolphin 3D software presented higher-volume values than the ones found in the prototype, while the InVivoDental software presented lower values. Strong (r>0.7; P>0.001) or very strong (r>0.9; P>0.001) correlations were observed between the software systems. Bland-Altman analysis found good agreement between prototypes and the software systems. The measurements obtained from the Dolphin 3D and InVivoDental software systems are both reliable, strongly correlated, but should not be assumed as equal. Dolphin 3D software overestimates the nasopharynx and oropharynx volumes, while the InVivoDental software underestimates them.
Assuntos
Imageamento Tridimensional , Faringe , Adulto , Cefalometria , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Humanos , Orofaringe , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , SoftwareRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine fibrinogen levels in obese patients with type 2 diabetes and assess its changes with the use of metformin. METHODS: 60 obese patients (BMI > 27) with type 2 diabetes were studied in an open, two phase, prospective, randomized and comparative study. The pre-treatment phase was a period of four weeks of a controlled diet. In the treatment phase they were divided in two subgroups of 30. One received metformin as a daily single tablet of 850 mg and increasing the dosage to two or three tablets depending on their metabolic control. The second subgroup received 24 units of DNA-recombinant insulin subcutaneously (two thirds of dose before breakfast, and the remaining third before dinner). The insulin dosage was adjusted according to the metabolic response. A control group was formed by 60 non diabetic obese patients with only the controlled diet. RESULTS: The mean values of plasma glucose, fibrinogen levels and body mass index did not change in the pretreatment phase in controls and diabetics. These parameters decreased significantly in the metformin subgroup in the treatment phase (p < 0.001). Only glucose decreased in the insulin subgroup. There were no changes in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to improving metabolic control, metformin showed to be a good therapeutic alternative in modifying fibrinogen levels in type 2 diabetic patients.