RESUMO
Introduction: In recent years there has been an increase in imported malaria among children in whom it is a potentially serious and fatal disease. Objective: To describe the incidence and the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of malaria in children diagnosed in Alicante, Spain, over a 26-year period. Materials and methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study of malaria in children aged under 15 years diagnosed at the Alicante General University Hospital from 1994 to 2019. Results: Twenty-four cases were registered over the study period. The frequency of cases increased from 2 over the first five years to 11 in the last five years. The median age of the children was 6 years (interquartile range: 3-8); 91.6% came from sub-Saharan Africa. Over half (n=15, 62.5%) were children born in Spain to immigrant parents visiting friends and relatives (VFR); just one (6.7%) had received antimalarial chemoprophylaxis. The most frequent clinical signs were fever (86.9%), hepatosplenomegaly (70.8%), and anemia (70.8%). Plasmodium falciparum was the most frequently identified species (83.3%, n=20). The most common treatment was oral piperaquine/dihydroartemisinin (41.6%, n=10) with favorable outcomes in all cases. Conclusions: Imported childhood malaria shows an increasing incidence and a nonspecific clinical presentation. Professional awareness of this disease and a high degree of clinical suspicion are needed for the early initiation of treatment. Pre-travel preventive measures should be promoted when appropriate.
Introducción. En los últimos años ha aumentado la malaria importada en niños, en quienes la enfermedad es potencialmente grave y mortal. Objetivo. Describir la incidencia y características clínico-epidemiológicas de niños con diagnóstico de conmalaria en Alicante, España, en los últimos años. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional y retrospectivo de los casos de malaria en menores de 15 años, diagnosticados en el Hospital General Universitario de Alicante desde 1994 hasta 2019. Resultados. Se registraron 24 casos. El número de casos pasó de dos en el primer quinquenio a 11 en el último. La mediana de edad fue de 6 años (rango intercuartílico: 3 a 8). El 91,6 % procedía de África subsahariana. Los niños nacidos en España de padres inmigrantes que viajan a una zona endémica para visitar a familiares y amigos (Visiting Friends and Relatives) representaron el 62,5 % (n=15) y solo consta que recibiera quimioprofilaxis antipalúdica un paciente (6,7 %). Los signos clínicos más frecuentes fueron fiebre (86,9 %), hepatoesplenomegalia (70,8 %) y anemia (70,8 %). Plasmodium falciparum fue la especie más frecuentemente identificada (83,3 %; n=20). El tratamiento más empleado fue la combinación de dihidroartemisina y piperaquina por vía oral (41,6 %, n=10), con evolución favorable en todos los casos. Conclusiones. Los casos de paludismo infantil importado están aumentando en los últimos años. Las manifestaciones clínicas son inespecíficas en estos niños, por lo que es importante que los profesionales conozcan la enfermedad y tengan un alto índice de sospecha para iniciar el tratamiento precoz. Además, deben tomarse las medidas preventivas adecuadas antes de un viaje.
Assuntos
Malária , África , Humanos , Malária/epidemiologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Introducción. En los últimos años ha aumentado la malaria importada en niños, en quienes la enfermedad es potencialmente grave y mortal. Objetivo. Describir la incidencia y características clínico-epidemiológicas de niños con diagnóstico de conmalaria en Alicante, España, en los últimos años. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional y retrospectivo de los casos de malaria en menores de 15 años, diagnosticados en el Hospital General Universitario de Alicante desde 1994 hasta 2019. Resultados. Se registraron 24 casos. El número de casos pasó de dos en el primer quinquenio a 11 en el último. La mediana de edad fue de 6 años (rango intercuartílico: 3 a 8). El 91,6 % procedía de África subsahariana. Los niños nacidos en España de padres inmigrantes que viajan a una zona endémica para visitar a familiares y amigos (Visiting Friends and Relatives) representaron el 62,5 % (n=15) y solo consta que recibiera quimioprofilaxis antipalúdica un paciente (6,7 %). Los signos clínicos más frecuentes fueron fiebre (86,9 %), hepatoesplenomegalia (70,8 %) y anemia (70,8 %). Plasmodium falciparum fue la especie más frecuentemente identificada (83,3 %; n=20). El tratamiento más empleado fue la combinación de dihidroartemisina y piperaquina por vía oral (41,6 %, n=10), con evolución favorable en todos los casos. Conclusiones. Los casos de paludismo infantil importado están aumentando en los últimos años. Las manifestaciones clínicas son inespecíficas en estos niños, por lo que es importante que los profesionales conozcan la enfermedad y tengan un alto índice de sospecha para iniciar el tratamiento precoz. Además, deben tomarse las medidas preventivas adecuadas antes de un viaje.
Introduction: In recent years there has been an increase in imported malaria among children in whom it is a potentially serious and fatal disease. Objective: To describe the incidence and the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of malaria in children diagnosed in Alicante, Spain, over a 26-year period. Materials and methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study of malaria in children aged under 15 years diagnosed at the Alicante General University Hospital from 1994 to 2019. Results: Twenty-four cases were registered over the study period. The frequency of cases increased from 2 over the first five years to 11 in the last five years. The median age of the children was 6 years (interquartile range: 3-8); 91.6% came from sub-Saharan Africa. Over half (n=15, 62.5%) were children born in Spain to immigrant parents visiting friends and relatives (VFR); just one (6.7%) had received antimalarial chemoprophylaxis. The most frequent clinical signs were fever (86.9%), hepatosplenomegaly (70.8%), and anemia (70.8%). Plasmodium falciparum was the most frequently identified species (83.3%, n=20). The most common treatment was oral piperaquine/dihydroartemisinin (41.6%, n=10) with favorable outcomes in all cases. Conclusions: Imported childhood malaria shows an increasing incidence and a nonspecific clinical presentation. Professional awareness of this disease and a high degree of clinical suspicion are needed for the early initiation of treatment. Pre-travel preventive measures should be promoted when appropriate.
Assuntos
Criança , Malária , Plasmodium falciparum , EspanhaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chagas disease (CD) is a chronic parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and is endemic to continental Latin America. In Spain, the main transmission route is congenital. We aimed to assess adherence to regional recommendations of universal screening for CD during pregnancy in Latin American women in the province of Alicante from 2014 to 2018. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Retrospective quality study using two data sources: 1) delivery records of Latin American women that gave birth in the 10 public hospitals of Alicante between January 2014 and December 2018; and 2) records of Chagas serologies carried out in those centers between May 2013 and December 2018. There were 3026 deliveries in Latin American women during the study period; 1178 (38.9%) underwent CD serology. Screening adherence ranged from 17.2% to 59.3% in the different health departments and was higher in Bolivian women (48.3%). Twenty-six deliveries (2.2%) had a positive screening; CD was confirmed in 23 (2%) deliveries of 21 women. Bolivians had the highest seroprevalence (21/112; 18.7%), followed by Colombians (1/333; 0.3%) and Ecuadorians (1/348; 0.3%). Of 21 CD-positive women (19 Bolivians, 1 Colombian, 1 Ecuadorian), infection was already known in 12 (57.1%), and 9 (42.9%) had already been treated. Only 1 of the 12 untreated women (8.3%) was treated postpartum. Follow-up started in 20 of the 23 (87.0%) neonates but was completed only in 11 (47.8%); no cases of congenital transmission were detected. Among the 1848 unscreened deliveries, we estimate 43 undiagnosed cases of CD and 1 to 2 undetected cases of congenital transmission. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Adherence to recommendations of systematic screening for CD in Latin American pregnant women in Alicante can be improved. Strategies to strengthen treatment of postpartum women and monitoring of exposed newborns are needed. Currently, there may be undetected cases of congenital transmission in our province.