RESUMO
Bats may serve as bioindicators of human impact on landscape ecology. This study aimed to evaluate the health condition of bats from different food guilds captured in two areas with different land use profiles in Brazil and to compare data on the oxidant-antioxidant balance and histopathological changes due to different anthropogenic pressures. Bats were collected from a protected area in Serra do Cipó National Park (SCNP), MG, Brazil, and an area with intense agricultural activity in the municipality of Uberaba (UB), MG, Brazil. Despite the differences in land use and occupation between the studied areas, bats showed similar responses. However, the trophic guilds were affected differently. Frugivorous bats in both areas showed lower activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) than other guilds, which can be explained by the greater intake of antioxidants from the diet in addition to the lower production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Histopathological analysis of the livers revealed that the animals had a similar prevalence in the two areas, with some differences related to guilds. Compared with other bats, hematophagous bats from SCNP had a higher prevalence of steatosis and, together with frugivorous bats from Uberaba, had higher frequencies of ballooning degeneration, suggesting that these animals are subjected to anthropogenic factors capable of inducing disturbances in hepatic metabolism. Hematophagous bats from Uberaba had a higher prevalence of portal inflammation, while insectivorous bats from Uberaba had a higher prevalence of lobular and portal inflammation. The profiles of use and occupation of the areas are different; Uberaba bats seem to face worse conditions because they show more liver damage owing to lipoperoxidation.
Assuntos
Quirópteros , Animais , Humanos , Quirópteros/fisiologia , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Ecologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Inflamação , Estresse OxidativoRESUMO
Bats provide a variety of ecological services that are essential to the integrity of ecosystems. Indiscriminate use of pesticides has been a threat to biodiversity, and the exposure of bats to these xenobiotics is a threat to their populations. This study presents a review of articles regarding the exposure of bats to pesticides published in the period from January 1951 to July 2020, addressing the temporal and geographical distribution of research, the studied species, and the most studied classes of pesticides. The research was concentrated in the 1970s and 1980s, mostly in the Northern Hemisphere, mainly in the USA. Of the total species in the world, only 5% of them have been studied, evaluating predominantly insectivorous species of the Family Vespertilionidae. Insecticides, mainly organochlorines, were the most studied pesticides. Most research was observational, with little information available on the effects of pesticides on natural bat populations. Despite the advances in analytical techniques for detecting contaminants, the number of studies is still insufficient compared to the number of active ingredients used. The effects of pesticides on other guilds and tropical species remain poorly studied. Future research should investigate the effects of pesticides, especially in sublethal doses causing chronic exposure. It is crucial to assess the impact of these substances on other food guilds and investigate how natural populations respond to the exposure to mixtures of pesticides found in the environment.
Assuntos
Quirópteros , Hidrocarbonetos Clorados , Inseticidas , Praguicidas , Animais , Ecossistema , Praguicidas/análise , Praguicidas/toxicidadeRESUMO
Diaemus youngi is a rare species of desmodontinae bat which has been regionally threatened, yet its ecology is still poorly known. The third record of this species in Minas Gerais is presented here, almost 20 years after the first. A colony of D. youngi was observed in a cave that was used for diurnal roosting, in the Carste of Lagoa Santa. The colony was only seen during the dry season, with an average of 5.5 individuals. There were also other species of bats in the roost including Desmodus rotundus, whose colonies are frequently chased and exterminated for rabies control. These practices can affect D. youngi as well because it strongly resembles D. rotundus.
Diaemus youngi é uma espécie rara, regionalmente ameaçada, cuja ecologia é ainda pouco conhecida. Nós apresentamos aqui o terceiro registro da espécie em Minas Gerais, cerca de 20 anos após o primeiro registro no estado. Uma colônia de D. youngi foi observada em uma caverna, utilizada como abrigo diurno, no Carste de Lagoa Santa. A colônia foi avistada somente na estação seca, apresentando em média 5,5 indivíduos. A caverna também abrigava outras espécies de morcegos, entre elas Desmodus rotundus, cujas colônias frequentemente são perseguidas e exterminadas em ações de controle de hematófagos devido ao vírus da raiva. Esse controle pode afetar D. youngi ao ser confundido com D. rotundus devido a suas semelhanças morfológicas.
Assuntos
Animais , Quirópteros , Cavernas , PopulaçãoRESUMO
Diaemus youngi is a rare species of desmodontinae bat which has been regionally threatened, yet its ecology is still poorly known. The third record of this species in Minas Gerais is presented here, almost 20 years after the first. A colony of D. youngi was observed in a cave that was used for diurnal roosting, in the Carste of Lagoa Santa. The colony was only seen during the dry season, with an average of 5.5 individuals. There were also other species of bats in the roost including Desmodus rotundus, whose colonies are frequently chased and exterminated for rabies control. These practices can affect D. youngi as well because it strongly resembles D. rotundus.(AU)
Diaemus youngi é uma espécie rara, regionalmente ameaçada, cuja ecologia é ainda pouco conhecida. Nós apresentamos aqui o terceiro registro da espécie em Minas Gerais, cerca de 20 anos após o primeiro registro no estado. Uma colônia de D. youngi foi observada em uma caverna, utilizada como abrigo diurno, no Carste de Lagoa Santa. A colônia foi avistada somente na estação seca, apresentando em média 5,5 indivíduos. A caverna também abrigava outras espécies de morcegos, entre elas Desmodus rotundus, cujas colônias frequentemente são perseguidas e exterminadas em ações de controle de hematófagos devido ao vírus da raiva. Esse controle pode afetar D. youngi ao ser confundido com D. rotundus devido a suas semelhanças morfológicas.(AU)