RESUMO
In a feedlot of about 1,000 head of cattle, 146 animals died within a period of a few months affected by a disease characterized by anorexia, icterus, hemoglobinuria, constipation, or diarrhea. The clinical course of the disease lasted a few days. Postmortem findings were generalized icterus and a yellow discolored liver. The kidneys were dark brown, and the urinary bladder was filled with urine of the same dark-brown color. The main histopathological findings were centrolobular coagulative necrosis, apoptosis, bilestasis, and proliferation of bile ducts in the portal space. Changes in the kidneys included nephrosis and the presence of bile and precipitates, and cylinders of albumin and of hemoglobin in the uriniferous tubules. Liver samples, collected from 3 animals on which postmortem examinations were performed, had 2,008, 2,783 and 4,906 ppm copper in their dry matter. Two samples of poultry litter fed to the cattle contained 362 and 323 ppm copper. The green forage that formed the rest of their feed only had 4.7 ppm copper. Copper poisoning was diagnosed, most probably caused by feeding litter from poultry that had been fed a ration treated with copper sulfate to avoid aspergillosis.
Assuntos
Ração Animal/efeitos adversos , Doenças dos Bovinos/induzido quimicamente , Cobre/intoxicação , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Esterco , Intoxicação/veterinária , Aves Domésticas , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Cobre/análise , Evolução Fatal , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/patologia , Fígado/química , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Esterco/análise , Poaceae/química , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Intoxicação/etiologiaRESUMO
The first diagnosis of botulism in cattle in Brazil and its epizootiology are reviewed. The high prevalence of the disease raised on phosphorus deficient pastures in Savanna regions has caused severe economic losses in the past. The temperature induced microcomplement fixation test (TIMCF) confirmed the clinical-pathological diagnosis in all of the 24 cases studied by this method. The most important reason why botulism has not been controlled satisfactorily in Brazil is the lack of an available effective vaccine (type C and D). Additional prophylactic measures are phosphorus supplementation and removal of carcasses from the pasture.
Assuntos
Botulismo/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Animais , Vacinas Bacterianas/provisão & distribuição , Botulismo/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Clostridium botulinum/imunologia , PrevalênciaRESUMO
The pyrrolizidine alkaloids retrorsine, senecionine, integerrimine, neosenkirkine and florosenine were isolated from different Senecio spp. common in southern Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay. Structure elucidation of these compounds was mainly accomplished by two-dimensional FT NMR techniques. Detailed interpretations of 1H-1H and 1H-13C NMR correlation spectra are given. The alkaloids neosenkirkine, integerrimine and florosenine were found in Senecio leptolobus De Candolle, retrorsine accompanied by senecionine in Senecio selloi (Spreng.) DC and Senecio cisplatinus Cabrera. In Senecio heterotrichus DC. integerrimine is accompanied by retrorsine. Investigations on pathology and histopathology of Senecio envenomation in Brazil are summarized.
Assuntos
Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Plantas Tóxicas , Senécio/análise , Alcaloides/análise , Animais , Brasil , Cromatografia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Intoxicação por Plantas/etiologia , Alcaloides de Pirrolizidina/análise , América do SulRESUMO
Nine macrocyclic trichothecenes, thought to cause toxic effects in herbivors, were isolated from the Brazilian shrub Baccharis coridifolia. The structures of two new components, named miophytocene A and B, are described. Structure analysis was mainly accomplished by application of two-dimensional Fourier transform NMR techniques. The trichothecenes are most likely produced by the soil fungus Myrothecium verrucaria, which was isolated from soil samples around B. coridifolia. It is concluded that the plant is able to absorb and accumulate these mycotoxins. Histopathological studies on rabbits which received roridin E and A per os revealed mainly necrosis and hemorrhages of the mucosa of the colon and in the case of roridin A also of the caecum. Lethality in mice was generally low, intoxication proceeding slowly. It has to be considered, however, that all trichothecenes tested are practically insoluble in aqueous solutions and were applied as emulsions (i.p. and per os application). No trichothecenes or other toxic substances were detected from the Brazilian species Baccharis dracunculifolia, although slight toxic effects have been reported in cattle.