RESUMO
The complement inhibitor CD55/DAF is expressed on many cell types. Dysregulation of CD55 expression is associated with increased disease severity in influenza A infection and vascular complications in pathologies that involve excessive activation of the complement system. A luciferase reporter system was used to functionally analyze the single nucleotide polymorphism rs2564978 in the U937 human promonocytic cell line. The polymorphism is in the promoter of the CD55 gene, and its minor allele T is associated with a severe course of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. A decreased activity of the CD55 promoter carrying the minor rs2564978(T) allele was observed in activated U937 cells, which provide a cell model of human macrophages. Using bioinformatics resources, PU.1 was identified as a potential transcription factor that may bind to the CD55 promoter at the rs2564978 site in an allele-specific manner. The involvement of PU.1 in modulating CD55 promoter activity was verified by a PU.1 genetic knockdown with small interfering RNAs under specific monocyte activation conditions.
Assuntos
Alelos , Influenza Humana , Macrófagos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas , Transativadores , Humanos , Transativadores/genética , Transativadores/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Células U937 , Influenza Humana/genética , Sítios de Ligação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/genética , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/patogenicidade , Regulação da Expressão GênicaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is the most common zoonotic human viral disease in the Russian Federation. More than 98% of the HFRS cases are caused by Puumala orthohantavirus (PUU). Effective serological tests are required for laboratory diagnosis of HFRS. OBJECTIVE: Construction of an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) test system for detection of specific antibodies using standard antigen in the form of highly purified inactivated PUU virus as immunosorbent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preparation of PUU virus antigen, designing the ELISA for detection of specific antibodies, developing parameters of the ELISA system, parallel titration of HFRS patients sera by fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) and the new ELISA. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: For the first time, ELISA based on purified inactivated PUU virus as standard antigen directly absorbed onto immunoplate was developed. Parallel titration of 50 samples from HFRS patients blood sera using FAT and the developed ELISA showed high sensitivity and specificity of this ELISA, with 100% concordance of testing results and significant level of correlation between the titers of specific antibodies in the two assays. CONCLUSION: The ELISA based on purified inactivated PUU virus as an immunosorbent can be effectively used for HFRS serological diagnosis and for mass seroepidemiological studies.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Antígenos Virais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal , Virus Puumala , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/diagnóstico , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/sangue , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/imunologia , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/virologia , Humanos , Virus Puumala/imunologia , Virus Puumala/isolamento & purificação , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Antígenos Virais/sangue , AnimaisRESUMO
Human securin (PTTG1) is a protooncogene whose expression is elevated in many types of malignant cells. We previously discovered a minor short isoform of securin lacking exons 3 and 4. The missing exons encode the main recognition site (D-box) of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C). We show that these two PTTG1 isoforms have different effects on transcription. Here, we have studied the effects of overexpression and selective knockdown of the short and complete securin isoforms on cell proliferation using the xCELLigence system. Notably, selective knockdown of the short isoform mRNA led to a dramatic decrease in cell growth, while overexpression of both isoforms accelerated cell growth. To search for genes with alternative isoforms similar to securin, we analyzed the GENCODE database and found that 54 of 128 genes with a PTTG1-like set of APC/C recognition sites have known isoforms without the D-box. Overall, the data obtained indicate the existence of a new class of alternative isoforms and reinstates the importance of minor isoforms.
Assuntos
Isoformas de Proteínas , Humanos , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Proliferação de Células/genéticaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) holds a leading place among natural focal human diseases in Russian Federation. There is no etiotropic therapy for the disease now. The vaccine prophylaxis is the most effective method to control this infection. The main criteria for inactivated vaccines evaluation are its immunogenicity and specific activity.The study purposes were to develop a sensitive and specific real-time PCR method for viral RNA quantification in the inactivated vaccine and to study the correlation between the viral RNA amount and vaccine immunogenicity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: L-segment fragments of the Puumala, Hantaan, and Sochi vaccine strains were selected as diagnostic targets for oligonucleotides and fluorescent probes. The immunogenicity of experimental vaccines was determined by the induction of neutralizing antibodies in BALB/c mice. RESULTS: A highly specific, sensitive and reproducible real-time PCR method has been developed. The analytical sensitivity was 1.24 ± 1.5 x 102 copies/ml for Puumala virus; 1.16 ± 1.4 * 102 copies/ml for Hantaan; 1.32 ± 1.8 * 102 copies/ ml for Sochi, with a virus content of 1.5 ± 0.5 lg FFU/ml; 1.8 ± 0.5 lg FFU/ml and 2.2 ± 0.5 lg FFU/ml, respectively. The viral RNA amount in experimental vaccine preparations inactivated with ß-propiolactone was proportional to the neutralizing antibodies titer observed in mice following the immunization. DISCUSSION: It was found that different virus inactivators differently affects the detected viral RNA amount, but not the vaccine immunogenicity, which indicates the same degree of the immunogenic proteins damage. The direct relationship between the viral RNA copy number and vaccine immunogenicity makes it possible to use this criterion for vaccine dosage preparation. CONCLUSION: The developed method for viral RNA quantification is a promising tool for the specific activity control of the HFRS vaccine.
Assuntos
Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal , Vacinas Virais , Animais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Antivirais , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/prevenção & controle , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , RNA Viral/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Vacinas de Produtos InativadosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) occupies a leading place among natural focal human diseases in the Russian Federation. Sporadic incidence of HFRS-Sochi has been annually recorded in the Krasnodar Territory since 2000. The group outbreak of the HFRS-Sochi was first registered in Gelendzhik in the fall of 2013. METHODS: Serological methods were used: indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme immunoassay, FRNT in Vero cells, and methods for the viral RNA detection: PCR and RT-PCR. RESULTS: Data of clinical, epidemiological, immunological and molecular studies of 3 out of 4 cases in HFRS-Sochi outbreak are presented. Severity of the disease correlated with early gastrointestinal disorders appearance. Patient MA gastrointestinal disorders were joined on day 3 of a fever. Clinical and laboratory studies revealed signs of kidneys, liver, pancreas damage, bilateral hydrothorax, bilateral polysegmental pneumonia and polyneuropathy. As a result of long-term treatment, the patient recovered. Patient AA had gastrointestinal disturbances the next day after fever onset. The patient was not saved, despite early hospitalization. Hantavirus antigen and RNA were detected in the lung tissues 2 out of 10 Black-Sea field mice captured in the affected area, as well as in the organs of deceased patient. The most severe clinical course of the disease in close relatives, son and father, with a fatal outcome in the latter case may be the result of genetic features. The severity and outcome of the disease was not depend on day of hospitalization and correlated with the early manifestations of gastrointestinal disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Presented data confirm high virulence and pantropism of the Sochi virus, as well as the epidemiological role of Black-Sea field mouse (Apodemus ponticus) as the host of the Sochi virus and the source of human infection.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal , Orthohantavírus , RNA Viral/sangue , Adulto , Animais , Chlorocebus aethiops , Feminino , Orthohantavírus/isolamento & purificação , Orthohantavírus/metabolismo , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/sangue , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Murinae , Federação Russa , Células VeroRESUMO
The monoclonal antibodies to Puumala, Dobrava, Hantaan, and Seoul hantaviruses were obtained using mice. The viruses were known to cause HFRS, and two variants of ELISA were designed. First, Hanta-PUU variant, was constructed using monoclonal antibodies to Puumala virus envelope glycoprotein (G(N):G(C)) for detecting only Puumala virus antigen. The second, Hanta-N variant, was constructed using monoclonal antibodies to Dobrava and Puumala nucleocapsid proteins for detecting four above mentioned hantaviruses. Both Hanta-PUU and Hanta-N assays were reliable in detecting specific hantavirus antigens and the immunogenecity of hantavirus vaccines.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/química , Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/imunologia , Orthohantavírus/imunologia , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/imunologia , Chlorocebus aethiops , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Células VeroRESUMO
From 2000 to 2011 85 600 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) were registered in Russian Federation. Epidemically active foci of HFRS infection are located generally in temperate latitudes of the European part and the Far East. In the Far East regions whose fraction of all the HFRS disease cases in Russia is around 2%, the causative agents of the infection are Hantaan, Amur, Seoul hantaviruses, the natural reservoir for those are striped field mouse, Korean field mouse and brown rat. In the European part of Russia the causative agent of the infection are Puumala hantavirus as well as 2 genetic subtypes of Dobrava virus, the main reservoirs of those in the nature are bank vole, striped field mouse and Black Sea field mouse, respectively. 9 strain of Puumala and 10 strains of Dobrava virus were isolated. Based on sequencing of Dobrava virus strains significant differences were detected between Dobrava virus strains isolated from Black Sea field mouse from Sochi and striped field mouse from Lipetsk Region. Cultural inactivated vaccine against HFRS was developed and completed preclinical trials.
Assuntos
Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/epidemiologia , Orthohantavírus , Animais , Feminino , Orthohantavírus/classificação , Orthohantavírus/imunologia , Orthohantavírus/isolamento & purificação , Orthohantavírus/patogenicidade , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/imunologia , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/prevenção & controle , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/transmissão , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Ratos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Federação Russa , Vacinas Virais/imunologiaRESUMO
For the period from 2001 to 2011 zoological and epizootological studies in more than 100 points of Northwestern Caucasus including territories of Krasnodar Region and Republic of Adygea were carried out. 8723 specimens of small mammals represented by 20 rodent species and 7 insectivorous species were captured and examined. Organs and blood from 5057 specimens of creatures were studied for hantavirus infection. The presence of natural foci of circulation of 2 species of hantavirus--Dobrava/Belgrade and Tula--was established. Sochi viruses and presumably Kurkin with main natural hosts--Caucasian wood and field mice belong to the first species. Tula and Adler viruses with the main host--Microtus genus vole belong to the second species. Quantitative characteristics of infection of small mammals of various species during different seasons and years on the examined territories were obtained, that allowed to create a map of allocation of foci of hantavirus circulation that differ by structure.
Assuntos
Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/epidemiologia , Animais , Arvicolinae , Humanos , Camundongos , Federação Russa/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/virologiaRESUMO
The findings suggest that there are natural foci of hantavirus infection in the Tambov Region. There is evidence that Dobrava/Belgrade hantavirus (DOB-Aa) was a leading etiological agent in the outbreak of the disease in the winter of 2006-2007. Epidemiological analysis showed that the outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) afflicted the region during November to April, by reaching its peak in January (52.2%). Among the patients with HFRS, rural dwellers were 91%. People were infected with the virus mainly by taking care of domestic animals (97.2%). The reservoir of the virus and the source of its human infection in the outbreak was a field mouse, its western subspecies Apodemus agrarius agrarius, which was absolutely dominated among all the virus carriers.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Arvicolinae/virologia , Surtos de Doenças , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal , Orthohantavírus/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Reservatórios de Doenças , Feminino , Orthohantavírus/classificação , Orthohantavírus/imunologia , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/diagnóstico , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/epidemiologia , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Federação Russa/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/transmissão , Zoonoses/virologiaRESUMO
Twenty-six patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) were revealed as a result of serological examination of 582 patients with fever living around Sochi town. Etiologic role of Dobrava virus subtype as the cause of HFRS was assessed by immunofluorescent and ELISA assays, and neutralization test. The principal host of this virus and source of infection for humans is Caucasian forest mouse Apodemus ponticus. HFRS morbidity was sporadic and not dependent from patients' occupation and season. Comparative analysis of clinical and laboratory data from HFRS cases caused by DOB/Sochi and DOB/Lipetsk subspecies, as well as Puumala virus showed higher proportion of severe forms of disease in patients with HFRS from Sochi.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vírus Hantaan/imunologia , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/epidemiologia , Animais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Reservatórios de Doenças , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Imunofluorescência , Vírus Hantaan/classificação , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/sangue , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/diagnóstico , Humanos , Murinae , Testes de Neutralização , Federação Russa/epidemiologia , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
A total of 5149 small mammals belonging to 16 species were collected from the Lipetsk, Voronezh, and Belgorod regions (40 administrative districts) in 2003-2004 and examined by ELISA and IFA to detect hantavirus antigen and antibodies in the lung tissues. Hantavirus circulation was revealed in 13 species, the highest hantavirus activity being detected in field (Apodemus agrarius) and small wood (A. (S) uralensis) mice (Dobrava-Belgrad virus), bank (Clethrionomis glareolus) (Puumala virus) and common (Microtus arvalis) (Tula virus) voles. These species were frequently found to have their untypical hantaviruses, which was most commonly observed in small wood mice. It is suggested that the small wood mouse is likely to take a certain part in maintaining the circulation of Dobrava-Belgrad virus.
Assuntos
Reservatórios de Doenças/virologia , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/prevenção & controle , Pulmão/virologia , Mamíferos/virologia , Orthohantavírus/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Antígenos Virais/análise , Arvicolinae/virologia , Ecossistema , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Imunofluorescência , Orthohantavírus/imunologia , Mamíferos/classificação , Murinae/virologia , Federação Russa/epidemiologia , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
A natural focus of hantavirus infection was detected and examined during the studies conducted in 2000-2002 around the Sochi (the western spurs of the Great Caucasus Ridge, which descended to the Black Sea (the Krasnodar Territory of Russia). At least 4 rodent species, such as Microtus majori, A. (S.) ponticus, A. agrarius, A. (S.) ciscaucasicus, were shown to participate in the circulation of hantaviruses. A comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of genomic S- and M-segments of hantaviruses has provided evidence that 13 viral RNA isolates from the A. (S.) ciscaucasicus belong to the Dobrava/Belgrade virus clade; however the RNA isolate from the Microtus majori belong to the Tula virus clade.
Assuntos
Animais Selvagens/virologia , Reservatórios de Doenças , Infecções por Hantavirus/prevenção & controle , Muridae/virologia , Orthohantavírus/isolamento & purificação , Roedores/virologia , Animais , Orthohantavírus/genética , Filogenia , Densidade Demográfica , RNA Viral/genética , Federação Russa , Estações do AnoRESUMO
The authors of the article describe two cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) with prevalence of signs of nervous system involvement. The first case was a 40-year-old woman with moderate HFRS, who developed Guillain-Barre syndrome of axonal-demyelinating polyneuropathy. An important observation was the absence of hemorrhagic or renal syndrome; combined therapy including plasmapheresis was successful. The second case demonstrated polymorphism of HFRS clinical manifestations with prevalence of neurological symptoms, which consisted in encephalopathy and no renal failure signs; hemorrhagic syndrome was moderate. In both cases the diagnosis was confirmed by elevated titer of antibodies to HFRS virus, belonging to the group of hantaviruses.
Assuntos
Encefalite Viral/virologia , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/virologia , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Encefalite Viral/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/fisiopatologia , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/fisiopatologia , HumanosRESUMO
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HVRS) has been for decades a topical problem for healthcare systems of many countries in the Eurasian continent. Viruses triggering HVRS alongside with other related viruses (but not pathogenic to man) were discovered in 70-80-ies and formed a new genus Hantavirus of the Bunyaviridae family. The study results of a severe outbreak of the respiratory disease with the mortality rate of 60% (South-West of the USA, 1933) showed that hantaviruses were also among the causative agents. Later, the disease was designated as hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome. By now, it has been established that hantaviruses are wide spread with different rodents being their carriers. The discussed viruses cause, in rodents, a chronic asymptomatic infection and are transferred, later, to man by the aerogenic path through excretions of infected animals. Studies of hantaviruses have been restricted for a long time due to their high pathogenicity (protection equipment not below than the P-3 level is needed), because of a lack of a laboratory model of infected animals and because of a low growth in cell cultures. With the rapid development and application of molecular biological techniques of the recent years, substantial progress has been made in studies of hantaviruses. Different aspects of hantavirus ecology, molecular biology, morphology, pathogenesis and diagnostics are discussed in the offered survey.
Assuntos
Reservatórios de Doenças , Infecções por Hantavirus/transmissão , Infecções por Hantavirus/veterinária , Orthohantavírus , Doenças dos Roedores/transmissão , Animais , Antígenos Virais/classificação , Ásia , Evolução Biológica , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa , Europa (Continente) , Orthohantavírus/química , Orthohantavírus/isolamento & purificação , Orthohantavírus/fisiologia , Humanos , América do Norte , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Vírus Reordenados , Doenças dos Roedores/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Roedores/virologia , Roedores , ZoonosesRESUMO
Fragments of the minor S and middle M segments of Hantavirus genome RNA were isolated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from the organs of patients who died from hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome (HFRS) during an epidemic outbreak of this infection in the Bashkortostan Republic in 1997-1998. The sizes of the resultant PCR fragments were 317 p. n. for S segment and 416 p. n. for M segment. Their primary structures (GENBANK registration numbers AJ133581 and AJ133582) were determined and they were compared with the nucleotide sequences of the respective genome sites of Hantavirus strain CG1820/Ufa-83 isolated from Clethrionomys in Bashkortostan in 1983. The homologies of nucleotide sequences of the corresponding sites of S and M segments of RNA isolate of 1997 and CG1820/Ufa-83 were 87.7 and 96.6%, respectively. The authors discuss the probability of circulation of hantaviruses differing by individual features of primary structure of genome RNA in Bashkortostan.
Assuntos
Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/virologia , Conformação de Ácido Nucleico , Orthohantavírus/genética , RNA Viral/química , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Chlorocebus aethiops , DNA Viral , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , RNA Viral/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Federação Russa , Células VeroRESUMO
Epizootological, serological, and molecular virological analysis of an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Egoryevsk district of Moscow region (September 1995-January 1996) has been carried out. Hantavirus (Puumala) antigen and virus-specific antibodies were isolated from bank voles captured in the endemic focus. Anti-Puumala antibodies were detected in the sera of all HFRS patients and in 2% healthy residents of the endemic focus. Analysis of nucleotide sequence (RNA from hantavirus-positive lung of a bank vole) showed that the studied hantavirus is a distinct genotype of Puumala virus. Hence, a new highly active natural focus of HFRS associated with Puumala virus, dangerous for the population, has been revealed in Moscow region.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/epidemiologia , Animais , Reservatórios de Doenças , Vírus Hantaan , Humanos , Moscou/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Studies made in west Siberia established the existence of at least 4 hantavirus types: Puumala, Tula, Topografov, and Dobrava/Belgrade. The authors detected Puumala virus genovariants in voles, Tula virus in sagebrush and narrow-skulled voles, and Topografov virus in Siberian lemmings. The etiological role of the hantavirus Dobrada/Belgrade was defined in the structure of morbidity of hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome. In Russia, hantaviruses were first detected in mites: a hantavirus antigen was found in one of the enzyme immunoassayed pools of the mole mites (Haemogamasus ambulans) collected from the Siberian lemming brooding burrow in the near-floodplain habitats of the transitional Yenisei tundras in southwest Taimyr.
Assuntos
Orthohantavírus/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Animais Selvagens/virologia , Antígenos Virais/sangue , Genótipo , Orthohantavírus/classificação , Orthohantavírus/genética , Orthohantavírus/imunologia , Mamíferos/virologia , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Viral/análise , Sorotipagem , SibériaRESUMO
As a result of virological studies, 185 lung tissue specimens from 4 rodent species caught near Khabarovsk were isolated and fixed in the passages of cultured Vero-6 cells of 68 hantavirus strains. The capacity of the strains to adapt to the cells was assessed by using the adaptive index involving the mean rates of successful isolation, its duration, hantavirus antigen titer in the material used for infection. The strains of hantavirus serotypes were noted for the highest adaptive properties, which are ecologically associated with rodents of the family Mus, such as field and East-Asiatic mice. Lower adaptive capacities were established for the strains of hantavirus serotypes, which are ecologically related to rodents of the family Cricetidae, such as large and large-toothed redback voles. The differences found in the adaptive capacities of hantavirus strains cultured in Vero-E6 cells reflect the degree of specialization of some hantavirus serotypes to particular host rodent species during their long-term coevolution.
Assuntos
Arvicolinae/parasitologia , Muridae/parasitologia , Orthohantavírus/isolamento & purificação , Adaptação Biológica , Animais , Chlorocebus aethiops , Orthohantavírus/fisiologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Células VeroRESUMO
The outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Republic of Bashkortostan, resulting in 10,057 registered cases of the disease (287 cases per 100,000 of the population), was analyzed. HFRS cases among the population were registered in 52 out of 54 regions of Bashkortostan. 31% of the total number of patients were the inhabitants of rural regions (170 cases per 100,000) and 69% were urban dwellers (295 cases per 100,000), mainly in Ufa (512 cases per 100,000). HFRS morbidity among males was fourfold higher than among females. In 70% of cases persons aged 20-49 years were affected. 5% of the total number of patients were children aged up to 14 years. In 34 cases (0.4%) the severe clinical course of the disease had a fatal outcome. Cases of HFRS were registered from April 1997 till March 1998 with the highest morbidity rate observed during the period of August-December. In most cases (46.8%) both urban and rural dwellers contacted infection during a short-term stay in the forest. As the result of the serological examination of the patients, all HFRS cases were etiologically attributed to hantavirus, serotype Puumala. The main natural reservoir of this virus and the source of human infection in Bashkortostan were bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus), the domination species among small mammals in this region.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Animais , Bashkiria/epidemiologia , Criança , Reservatórios de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Reservatórios de Doenças/veterinária , Vetores de Doenças , Feminino , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/imunologia , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/transmissão , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Roedores , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Estações do Ano , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Distribuição por Sexo , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
A new approach has been developed to evaluate the adequacy of HFRS clinical diagnosis, by using regression analysis of large selections. The HFRS morbidity rate and the antibody prevalence rate in man were viewed as a function and an argument of the function, respectively. An empiric model for one of the active HFRS endemic area (Saratov Province), characterizing the correlation between the immunity and morbidity rates has been elaborated. It calculates the theoretical morbidity level that corresponds to determine an immune portion of the population in each administrative area. The theoretical (counted) values were compared to the annually registered morbidity rates; their similarity has been estimated. Estimation of the adequacy of HFRS diagnosis in the examined region could have been admitted as satisfactory. However, various faults in the clinical identification of HFRS cases were found to occur in 14 of 44 districts of this region. Hyperdiagnosis was made in the most active HFRS natural foci (broad-leaved forests), but in the endemic areas being characterizes by moderate or low activity (forest-steppe and steppe districts). The results of the authors' calculations were shown to be generally in agreement with the data from the Regional Epidemiological Service reports which confirmed the adequacy of the proposed material.