RESUMO
Sporothrix brasiliensis is considered a highly virulent emerging pathogen that causes sporotrichosis in humans, mainly after zoonotic transmission from infected cats. The epidemic of this zoonosis that originated from Brazil has spread in the last decades, generating hyperendemic regions in Latin America. We present two cases of human sporotrichosis causes by S. brasiliensis in Buenos Aires, Argentina, with good clinical response to differing treatments after contact with sick cats. Using Short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping, the two S. brasiliensis cases appear to be introduced from Brazil and likely originate from the same source.
RESUMO
One of the most recently described Aspergillus fumigatusCYP51A-mediated azole resistance mechanisms is TR46 Y121F T289A. Clinical A. fumigatus strains harboring these substitutions have been reported worldwide, with the exception of South America. We describe the first clinical A. fumigatus strain with this resistance mechanism isolated from an Argentinian patient. The strain was isolated in 2009 (1 year after the first-described mutant in United States), demonstrating that these alleles were scattered worldwide earlier than previously thought.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Aspergillus fumigatus/genética , Azóis/farmacologia , Aspergillus fumigatus/efeitos dos fármacos , Farmacorresistência Fúngica/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Mutação/genética , América do SulRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: La epidemiologia de las candidemias varía en cada región. Objetivos: Conocer la epidemiología de las candidemias en un hospital durante 16 años. Material y Métodos: Se revisaron los episodios de candidemia ocurridos en el Hospital de Clínicas de Buenos Aires desde 01/01/98 al 31/12/13. Resultados: Se identificaron 374 episodios de candidemia. La incidencia fue de 2,21/1.000 egresos y aumentó de 1,96 (1998-2005) a 2,25 (2006-2013) (p = 0,023). Se diagnosticaron: 5,4% en neonatos, 1,7% en lactantes, 6,5% en niños mayores, 31,8% en adultos y 52,7% en adultos mayores de 64 años. Los episodios fueron causados por C. albicans (40,9%), C. parapsilosis (21,7%), C. tropicalis (15,5%), C. glabrata (13,9%), otras especies de Candida (5,1%) y candidemias multiespecies (2,9%). El 5,3% de los aislados fue resistente a fluconazol. Setenta y cuatro por ciento de los pacientes recibió tratamiento; 70,3% lo inició con fluconazol, 25% con anfotericina B desoxicolato y 4,7% con equinocandinas o anfotericinas lipídicas. Se retiró 81% de los catéteres venosos centrales. La mortalidad fue de 47,9%, pero fue de 60,8% para los adultos mayores. Conclusión: La incidencia de candidemias se incrementó a través de los años, fue mayor en los adultos mayores y esta población tuvo peor evolución.
Background: The epidemiology of candidemia vary by region. Aim: To determine the epidemiology of candidemia in a hospital for 16 years. Material and Methods: Episodes of candidemia occurred in the Hospital de Clinicas of Buenos Aires were reviewed, from 01/01/98 to 31/12/13. Results: 374 episodes of candidemia were identified. The incidence was 2.21/1,000 discharges and increased from 1.96 (1998-2005) to 2.25 (2006-2013) (p = 0.023). Candidemia was diagnosed: 5.4% in neonates, 1.7% in infants, 6.5% in children, 31.8% in adults and 52.7% in elderly adults over 64 years old. The episodes were caused by C. albicans (40.9%), C. parapsilosis (21.7%), C. tropicalis (15.5%), C. glabrata (13.9%), other species of Candida (5.1%) and more than one species of Candida (2.9%). The 5.3% of the isolates were resistant to fluconazole. 74% of patients were treated. Initial treatments were with fluconazole (70.3%), amphotericin B deoxycholate (25%), echinocandins or lipidic amphotericin (4,7%). The 81% of central venous catheters were taken off. Mortality rate was of 47.9%, but in the elderly adults was of 60.8%. Conclusion: The incidence of candidemia showed an increase over the years. It was higher in the elderly adults, being the group with worse outcomes.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Fluconazol/uso terapêutico , Infecção Hospitalar/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Candidemia/tratamento farmacológico , Candidemia/epidemiologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Argentina/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Incidência , Análise Multivariada , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Idade , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Candidemia/microbiologia , Cateteres Venosos Centrais/efeitos adversos , Hospitais UniversitáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of candidemia vary by region. AIM: To determine the epidemiology of candidemia in a hospital for 16 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Episodes of candidemia occurred in the Hospital de Clinicas of Buenos Aires were reviewed, from 01/01/98 to 31/12/13. RESULTS: 374 episodes of candidemia were identified. The incidence was 2.21/1,000 discharges and increased from 1.96 (1998-2005) to 2.25 (2006-2013) (p = 0.023). Candidemia was diagnosed: 5.4% in neonates, 1.7% in infants, 6.5% in children, 31.8% in adults and 52.7% in elderly adults over 64 years old. The episodes were caused by C. albicans (40.9%), C. parapsilosis (21.7%), C. tropicalis (15.5%), C. glabrata (13.9%), other species of Candida (5.1%) and more than one species of Candida (2.9%). The 5.3% of the isolates were resistant to fluconazole. 74% of patients were treated. Initial treatments were with fluconazole (70.3%), amphotericin B deoxycholate (25%), echinocandins or lipidic amphotericin (4,7%). The 81% of central venous catheters were taken off. Mortality rate was of 47.9%, but in the elderly adults was of 60.8%. CONCLUSION: The incidence of candidemia showed an increase over the years. It was higher in the elderly adults, being the group with worse outcomes.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidemia/tratamento farmacológico , Candidemia/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Fluconazol/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Candidemia/microbiologia , Cateteres Venosos Centrais/efeitos adversos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Feminino , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Larger populations at risk, broader use of antibiotics and longer hospital stays have impacted on the incidence of Candida sp. bloodstream infections (CBSI). OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients with CBSI in two tertiary care reference medical institutions in Mexico City. DESIGN: Prospective and observational laboratory-based surveillance study conducted from 07/2008 to 06/2010. METHODS: All patients with CBSI were included. Identification and antifungal susceptibility were performed using CLSI M27-A3 standard procedures. Frequencies, Mann-Whitney U test or T test were used as needed. Risk factors were determined with multivariable analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: CBSI represented 3.8% of nosocomial bloodstream infections. Cumulative incidence was 2.8 per 1000 discharges (incidence rate: 0.38 per 1000 patient-days). C. albicans was the predominant species (46%), followed by C. tropicalis (26%). C. glabrata was isolated from patients with diabetes (50%), and elderly patients. Sixty-four patients (86%) received antifungals. Amphotericin-B deoxycholate (AmBD) was the most commonly used agent (66%). Overall mortality rate reached 46%, and risk factors for death were APACHE II score ≥ 16 (OR = 6.94, CI95%â= 2.34-20.58, p<0.0001), and liver disease (OR = 186.11, CI95%â= 7.61-4550.20, p = 0.001). Full susceptibility to fluconazole, AmBD and echinocandins among C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The cumulative incidence rate in these centers was higher than other reports from tertiary care hospitals from Latin America. Knowledge of local epidemiologic patterns permits the design of more specific strategies for prevention and preemptive therapy of CBSI.
Assuntos
Candida , Candidíase/mortalidade , Adulto , Idoso , Anfotericina B/química , Candida albicans , Candida glabrata , Candida tropicalis , Candidíase/epidemiologia , Ácido Desoxicólico/química , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Fluconazol/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Regressão , Fatores de Risco , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Las bacterias del género Nocardia son microorganismos Gram positivos, aerobios, parcialmente ácido resistente, que en la mayoría de los casos se adquieren por inhalación o inoculación a través de la piel. La diseminación hemática puede comprometer el sistema nervioso central (SNC) bajo la forma de abscesos intraparenquimatosos. El compromiso del SNC también puede serprimario y afectar tanto a sujetos inmunocomprometidos como infección oportunista, como a inmunocompetentes. La frecuencia de abscesos cerebrales por Nocardia es baja y representa el 2por ciento del total de los abscesos cerebrales. El diagnóstico precoz asociado al tratamiento quirúrgico y laantibioticoterapia prolongada pueden mejorar el pronóstico y la morbimortalidad de estos pacientes.En huéspedes inmunocompetentes Nocardia spp.causan más frecuentemente actinomicetomas quenocardosis cerebral. Aquí se presenta un paciente VIH positivo que desarrolló abscesos cerebrales primarios por Nocardia farcinica y se realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre el tema.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Abscesso Encefálico , Nocardia , Nocardiose , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/diagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of candidemia varies depending on the geographic region. Little is known about the epidemiology of candidemia in Latin America. METHODS: We conducted a 24-month laboratory-based survey of candidemia in 20 centers of seven Latin American countries. Incidence rates were calculated and the epidemiology of candidemia was characterized. RESULTS: Among 672 episodes of candidemia, 297 (44.2%) occurred in children (23.7% younger than 1 year), 36.2% in adults between 19 and 60 years old and 19.6% in elderly patients. The overall incidence was 1.18 cases per 1,000 admissions, and varied across countries, with the highest incidence in Colombia and the lowest in Chile. Candida albicans (37.6%), C. parapsilosis (26.5%) and C. tropicalis (17.6%) were the leading agents, with great variability in species distribution in the different countries. Most isolates were highly susceptible to fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B and anidulafungin. Fluconazole was the most frequent agent used as primary treatment (65.8%), and the overall 30-day survival was 59.3%. CONCLUSIONS: This first large epidemiologic study of candidemia in Latin America showed a high incidence of candidemia, high percentage of children, typical species distribution, with C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis accounting for the majority of episodes, and low resistance rates.
Assuntos
Candida , Candidemia/tratamento farmacológico , Candidemia/epidemiologia , Fluconazol/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , América Latina/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Especificidade da Espécie , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
Se presenta el primer caso de fungemia por una especie de Candida relacionada con Candida pseudorugosa. La identificación de las especies de levaduras es de importancia a nivel epidemiológico y para el tratamiento de los pacientes que cursan una infección por levaduras. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fungemia/complicações , Fungemia/diagnóstico , Fungemia/terapia , Candida/classificação , Candida/patogenicidade , Leveduras/classificação , Leveduras/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Se presenta el primer caso de fungemia por una especie de Candida relacionada con Candida pseudorugosa. La identificación de las especies de levaduras es de importancia a nivel epidemiológico y para el tratamiento de los pacientes que cursan una infección por levaduras.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Candida/classificação , Candida/patogenicidade , Fungemia/complicações , Fungemia/diagnóstico , Fungemia/terapia , Leveduras/classificação , Leveduras/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Candida pseudorugosa is a novel species closely related to Candida rugosa for which only one case has been reported. We report the first case of a bloodstream infection in humans caused by a Candida sp. closely related to C. pseudorugosa. We contribute evidence to show this organism as a potential human pathogen that may be misidentified by conventional methods, also pointing out its lower sensitivity to azoles and other antifungal agents.
Assuntos
Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidemia/diagnóstico , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Azóis/farmacologia , Candida/classificação , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida/genética , Candidemia/microbiologia , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/química , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la incidencia, frecuencia, características clínicas y evolución de los pacientes con mucormicosis atendidos en el Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, entre los años 1982 y 2010. Durante ese período se diagnosticaron 10 casos de mucormicosis. Los tres primeros entre 1982 y 2004 y los últimos 7 entre 2005 y 2010. La incidencia y frecuencia de esta enfermedad, para el período 1980-2004 fue 0.13 pacientes/año y 0.1 casos/10 000 egresos (IC 95%: 0.00 a 0.3) respectivamente. En el período 2005-2010 la incidencia fue 0.86 pacientes/año y la frecuencia de 1.1 casos/10 000 egresos (IC 95%: 0.5 a 2.4). Hubo nueve casos de mucormicosis rinosinuso-orbitaria, siete en pacientes con diabetes mellitus, uno en una paciente con una hemopatía maligna y neutropenia, y el restante en un paciente con HIV/sida que además estaba neutropénico y con un síndrome hemofagocítico. En una paciente se realizó el diagnóstico post mortem de mucormicosis pulmonar. El diagnóstico se efectuó por la observación de filamentos cenocíticos en los diez casos. Hubo desarrollo de mucorales en los cultivos de 8/9 pacientes; cinco Rhizopus spp y tres Mucor spp. Todos los pacientes recibieron un tratamiento inicial con anfotericina B deoxicolato, que en tres de ellos fue continuado con anfotericina B liposomal, y cirugía. Tres enfermos recibieron además un tratamiento adyuvante con oxigeno hiperbárico. La mortalidad fue 30%.
Mucormycosis is an opportunistic infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. It is characterized by rapid progression and high morbidity and mortality in the absence of early diagnosis and prompt treatment. It was an infrequent disease, but in recent years, its incidence appears to have increased. The aim of this paper is to report the cases of mucormycosis diagnosed from 1982 to 2010 at the Hospital de Clinicas José de San Martín, University of Buenos Aires. We diagnosed 10 cases of mucormycosis; the first three between 1982 and 2004 and the last 7 between 2005 and 2010. The incidence from 1980 to 2004 was 0.13 patient-years and the frequency 0.1/10 000 discharges (95% CI 0.00- 0.3). In the period 2005 to 2010, the incidence was 0.86 patients per year with 1.1/10 000 discharges (95% CI 0.5-2.4). There was a pulmonary mucormycosis case (in a patient treated with corticosteroids) and nine rhinocerebral cases, two in neutropenic and seven in diabetic patients. The diagnosis was made by observation of cenocytic hyphae in 10/10 patients. Mucorales were recovered in 8/9 cultures (5 Rhizopus spp and 3 Mucor spp.). In one case diagnosis of pulmonary mucormycosis was made post-mortem. Nine patients were treated with amphotericin B deoxycholate (in 3 patients supplemented with liposomal amphotericin B) and surgery. Three patients underwent hyperbaric chamber. Seven patients had favorable outcome. In conclusion, mucormycosis is a rare disease, but its incidence has increased over the past five years. A good evolution of the patients is linked to early diagnosis and treatment.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucormicose/epidemiologia , Doenças Nasais/epidemiologia , Anfotericina B/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Argentina/epidemiologia , Combinação de Medicamentos , Ácido Desoxicólico/uso terapêutico , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/microbiologia , Incidência , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/epidemiologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/patologia , Mucormicose/tratamento farmacológico , Mucormicose/patologia , Doenças Nasais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Nasais/microbiologia , Doenças dos Seios Paranasais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Seios Paranasais/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Seios Paranasais/microbiologiaRESUMO
El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la incidencia, frecuencia, características clínicas y evolución de los pacientes con mucormicosis atendidos en el Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, entre los años 1982 y 2010. Durante ese período se diagnosticaron 10 casos de mucormicosis. Los tres primeros entre 1982 y 2004 y los últimos 7 entre 2005 y 2010. La incidencia y frecuencia de esta enfermedad, para el período 1980-2004 fue 0.13 pacientes/año y 0.1 casos/10 000 egresos (IC 95%: 0.00 a 0.3) respectivamente. En el período 2005-2010 la incidencia fue 0.86 pacientes/año y la frecuencia de 1.1 casos/10 000 egresos (IC 95%: 0.5 a 2.4). Hubo nueve casos de mucormicosis rinosinuso-orbitaria, siete en pacientes con diabetes mellitus, uno en una paciente con una hemopatía maligna y neutropenia, y el restante en un paciente con HIV/sida que además estaba neutropénico y con un síndrome hemofagocítico. En una paciente se realizó el diagnóstico post mortem de mucormicosis pulmonar. El diagnóstico se efectuó por la observación de filamentos cenocíticos en los diez casos. Hubo desarrollo de mucorales en los cultivos de 8/9 pacientes; cinco Rhizopus spp y tres Mucor spp. Todos los pacientes recibieron un tratamiento inicial con anfotericina B deoxicolato, que en tres de ellos fue continuado con anfotericina B liposomal, y cirugía. Tres enfermos recibieron además un tratamiento adyuvante con oxigeno hiperbárico. La mortalidad fue 30%.(AU)
Mucormycosis is an opportunistic infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. It is characterized by rapid progression and high morbidity and mortality in the absence of early diagnosis and prompt treatment. It was an infrequent disease, but in recent years, its incidence appears to have increased. The aim of this paper is to report the cases of mucormycosis diagnosed from 1982 to 2010 at the Hospital de Clinicas José de San Martín, University of Buenos Aires. We diagnosed 10 cases of mucormycosis; the first three between 1982 and 2004 and the last 7 between 2005 and 2010. The incidence from 1980 to 2004 was 0.13 patient-years and the frequency 0.1/10 000 discharges (95% CI 0.00- 0.3). In the period 2005 to 2010, the incidence was 0.86 patients per year with 1.1/10 000 discharges (95% CI 0.5-2.4). There was a pulmonary mucormycosis case (in a patient treated with corticosteroids) and nine rhinocerebral cases, two in neutropenic and seven in diabetic patients. The diagnosis was made by observation of cenocytic hyphae in 10/10 patients. Mucorales were recovered in 8/9 cultures (5 Rhizopus spp and 3 Mucor spp.). In one case diagnosis of pulmonary mucormycosis was made post-mortem. Nine patients were treated with amphotericin B deoxycholate (in 3 patients supplemented with liposomal amphotericin B) and surgery. Three patients underwent hyperbaric chamber. Seven patients had favorable outcome. In conclusion, mucormycosis is a rare disease, but its incidence has increased over the past five years. A good evolution of the patients is linked to early diagnosis and treatment.(AU)
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucormicose/epidemiologia , Doenças Nasais/epidemiologia , Anfotericina B/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Argentina/epidemiologia , Ácido Desoxicólico/uso terapêutico , Combinação de Medicamentos , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/microbiologia , Incidência , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/epidemiologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/patologia , Mucormicose/tratamento farmacológico , Mucormicose/patologia , Doenças Nasais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Nasais/microbiologia , Doenças dos Seios Paranasais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Seios Paranasais/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Seios Paranasais/microbiologiaRESUMO
El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la incidencia, frecuencia, características clínicas y evolución de los pacientes con mucormicosis atendidos en el Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, entre los años 1982 y 2010. Durante ese período se diagnosticaron 10 casos de mucormicosis. Los tres primeros entre 1982 y 2004 y los últimos 7 entre 2005 y 2010. La incidencia y frecuencia de esta enfermedad, para el período 1980-2004 fue 0.13 pacientes/año y 0.1 casos/10 000 egresos (IC 95%: 0.00 a 0.3) respectivamente. En el período 2005-2010 la incidencia fue 0.86 pacientes/año y la frecuencia de 1.1 casos/10 000 egresos (IC 95%: 0.5 a 2.4). Hubo nueve casos de mucormicosis rinosinuso-orbitaria, siete en pacientes con diabetes mellitus, uno en una paciente con una hemopatía maligna y neutropenia, y el restante en un paciente con HIV/sida que además estaba neutropénico y con un síndrome hemofagocítico. En una paciente se realizó el diagnóstico post mortem de mucormicosis pulmonar. El diagnóstico se efectuó por la observación de filamentos cenocíticos en los diez casos. Hubo desarrollo de mucorales en los cultivos de 8/9 pacientes; cinco Rhizopus spp y tres Mucor spp. Todos los pacientes recibieron un tratamiento inicial con anfotericina B deoxicolato, que en tres de ellos fue continuado con anfotericina B liposomal, y cirugía. Tres enfermos recibieron además un tratamiento adyuvante con oxigeno hiperbárico. La mortalidad fue 30%.(AU)
Mucormycosis is an opportunistic infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. It is characterized by rapid progression and high morbidity and mortality in the absence of early diagnosis and prompt treatment. It was an infrequent disease, but in recent years, its incidence appears to have increased. The aim of this paper is to report the cases of mucormycosis diagnosed from 1982 to 2010 at the Hospital de Clinicas José de San Martín, University of Buenos Aires. We diagnosed 10 cases of mucormycosis; the first three between 1982 and 2004 and the last 7 between 2005 and 2010. The incidence from 1980 to 2004 was 0.13 patient-years and the frequency 0.1/10 000 discharges (95% CI 0.00- 0.3). In the period 2005 to 2010, the incidence was 0.86 patients per year with 1.1/10 000 discharges (95% CI 0.5-2.4). There was a pulmonary mucormycosis case (in a patient treated with corticosteroids) and nine rhinocerebral cases, two in neutropenic and seven in diabetic patients. The diagnosis was made by observation of cenocytic hyphae in 10/10 patients. Mucorales were recovered in 8/9 cultures (5 Rhizopus spp and 3 Mucor spp.). In one case diagnosis of pulmonary mucormycosis was made post-mortem. Nine patients were treated with amphotericin B deoxycholate (in 3 patients supplemented with liposomal amphotericin B) and surgery. Three patients underwent hyperbaric chamber. Seven patients had favorable outcome. In conclusion, mucormycosis is a rare disease, but its incidence has increased over the past five years. A good evolution of the patients is linked to early diagnosis and treatment.(AU)
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucormicose/epidemiologia , Doenças Nasais/epidemiologia , Anfotericina B/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Argentina/epidemiologia , Ácido Desoxicólico/uso terapêutico , Combinação de Medicamentos , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/microbiologia , Incidência , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/epidemiologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/patologia , Mucormicose/tratamento farmacológico , Mucormicose/patologia , Doenças Nasais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Nasais/microbiologia , Doenças dos Seios Paranasais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Seios Paranasais/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Seios Paranasais/microbiologiaRESUMO
Mucormycosis is an opportunistic infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. It is characterized by rapid progression and high morbidity and mortality in the absence of early diagnosis and prompt treatment. It was an infrequent disease, but in recent years, its incidence appears to have increased. The aim of this paper is to report the cases of mucormycosis diagnosed from 1982 to 2010 at the Hospital de Clinicas José de San Martín, University of Buenos Aires. We diagnosed 10 cases of mucormycosis; the first three between 1982 and 2004 and the last 7 between 2005 and 2010. The incidence from 1980 to 2004 was 0.13 patient-years and the frequency 0.1/10 000 discharges (95% CI 0.00- 0.3). In the period 2005 to 2010, the incidence was 0.86 patients per year with 1.1/10 000 discharges (95% CI 0.5-2.4). There was a pulmonary mucormycosis case (in a patient treated with corticosteroids) and nine rhinocerebral cases, two in neutropenic and seven in diabetic patients. The diagnosis was made by observation of cenocytic hyphae in 10/10 patients. Mucorales were recovered in 8/9 cultures (5 Rhizopus spp and 3 Mucor spp.). In one case diagnosis of pulmonary mucormycosis was made post-mortem. Nine patients were treated with amphotericin B deoxycholate (in 3 patients supplemented with liposomal amphotericin B) and surgery. Three patients underwent hyperbaric chamber. Seven patients had favorable outcome. In conclusion, mucormycosis is a rare disease, but its incidence has increased over the past five years. A good evolution of the patients is linked to early diagnosis and treatment.
Assuntos
Mucormicose/epidemiologia , Doenças Nasais/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anfotericina B/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Argentina/epidemiologia , Ácido Desoxicólico/uso terapêutico , Combinação de Medicamentos , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/epidemiologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucormicose/tratamento farmacológico , Mucormicose/patologia , Doenças Nasais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Nasais/microbiologia , Doenças dos Seios Paranasais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Seios Paranasais/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Seios Paranasais/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The incidence of fungi like pathogens in hospitals varies by regions. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was not only to record the incidence and etiology of fungaemia, but also the change during the 4 years analysed, to determine the time of detection in automated blood culture and by lysis-centrifugation, and finally to assess the gender, age and underlying disease of the patients with fungaemia. METHODS: An observational multicentre study of fungaemia was conducted in hospitals in the Mycology Network of Buenos Aires. RESULTS: A total of 190,920 blood cultures were processed: 182,050 automated blood culture and 8,870 lysis-centrifugation. Fungi were recovered in 1,020 episodes. The overall incidence of fungaemia was 1.72/1,000 admissions; 683 episodes were due to Candida (68%), and 325 (32%) to other fungi: 214 Cryptococcus, 105 Histoplasma, 7 Rhodotorula, 5 Trichosporon, 2 Pichia, 2 Acremonium, one Saccharomyces and one Fusarium. The incidence of candidaemia was 1.15/1,000 admissions with a wide variation between centres (0.35 to 2.65). Most Candida isolates (97%) were detected in the first 2 days of incubation. Candida albicans was recovered in 43% of the episodes. In fungaemia other than candidaemia, the predominant fungi were Cryptococcus and Histoplasma capsulatum. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence remained stable during the study period. Fungaemia by Candida were predominant. C. albicans was involved in less than a half of the episodes. The recovery of Cryptoccocus and H. capsulatum is strongly associated with HIV patients.
Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Fungemia/epidemiologia , Hospitais Urbanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/epidemiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Automação , Candidemia/epidemiologia , Centrifugação , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Criptococose/epidemiologia , Feminino , Fungemia/microbiologia , Histoplasmose/epidemiologia , Hospitais Urbanos/classificação , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Micologia/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Distribuição por Sexo , Especificidade da Espécie , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We describe a case of congenital acquired candidiasis in a preterm female delivered through Caesarean section due to the premature rupture of the amniotic membrane. The neonate presented with suspected chorioamnionitis and erythematous desquamative skin. Candida albicans was isolated from the placenta, mouth, groin, and periumbilical lesions. The infant developed candidemia due to Candida albicans and the same yeast was also isolated from a catheter. Culture inoculated with swabs from the mouth and vagina of the mother yielded C. albicans and C. krusei. All C. albicans isolates from the mother and the neonate were visually indistinguishable by molecular typing techniques which included chromosomal karyotyping and restriction endonuclease analysis followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. These findings allowed the clinical condition to be confirmed as congenital acquisition of candidiasis in this case.
Assuntos
Candida albicans/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase/diagnóstico , Candidíase/transmissão , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Candida albicans/classificação , Candida albicans/genética , Cateterismo , Impressões Digitais de DNA , Microbiologia Ambiental , Feminino , Fungemia/microbiologia , Genótipo , Virilha/microbiologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Cariotipagem , Mães , Boca/microbiologia , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , Placenta/microbiologia , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Gravidez , Nascimento Prematuro , Umbigo/microbiologiaRESUMO
Allergic fungal sinusitis is an atopic condition close related to fungus allergens that initiate a chronic inflammation dependent of the IgE system and LTCD4-TH2 cells whose cytokines and chemokines induced the clinical symptoms. Specific immunotherapy is recommended to avoid the recurrences and to improve the benefits of the surgical procedures of the affected sinuses. We suggest that Bipolaris sp Drechslera sp extracts must be included in the skin testing of the atopic patients suffering rhinosinusal symptoms as well as those who reveal intense response to fungal allergens in general.
Assuntos
Humanos , Alergia e Imunologia , Antígenos de Fungos/análise , Aspergilose/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/fisiopatologia , Imunoterapia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Sinusite/imunologia , Sinusite/patologiaRESUMO
Allergic fungal sinusitis is an atopic condition close related to fungus allergens that initiate a chronic inflammation dependent of the IgE system and LTCD4-TH2 cells whose cytokines and chemokines induced the clinical symptoms. Specific immunotherapy is recommended to avoid the recurrences and to improve the benefits of the surgical procedures of the affected sinuses. We suggest that Bipolaris sp Drechslera sp extracts must be included in the skin testing of the atopic patients suffering rhinosinusal symptoms as well as those who reveal intense response to fungal allergens in general.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Alergia e Imunologia , Aspergilose/imunologia , Antígenos de Fungos/análise , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/fisiopatologia , Imunoterapia , Sinusite/imunologia , Sinusite/patologiaRESUMO
The appearance of Candida albicans in three patients made physicians investigate an outbreak. Outbreak description and microbiologic screening: Case 1 developed C. albicans in the placenta culture and in the blood culture carried out on the 8th day of birth. Four days after this candidemia, C. albicans was recovered in a catheter tip of a second neonate (case 2) and finally five days later other newborn (case 3) developed C. albicans in the hemoculture. After that, the hands of all caregivers as well as case 3's incubator, case 1's mother, and from all nine neonates in the unit were studied with swabs. A wet mount was done to all swabs and then they were cultured in Chromagar Candida and SDA. All C. albicans were studied by RAPD. RAPD study showed that C. albicans recovered from placenta and blood cultures of case 1, the catheter tip of case 2 and the blood culture of case 3, resulted to be identical and these yeasts were related to the C. albicans from the mouth of case 1 mother and the mouth of another colonized newborn. C. albicans was not found in the others swabs. The isolations of identical C. albicans allowed to suppose the horizontal transmission from the case 1, that had acquired it congenitally. Not only isolation of unusual Candida species would be an alert. Despite patients' personal factors to justify a fungal infection, the recovery of C. albicans in a short period of time should warn physicians about the possibility of a horizontal transmission.