RESUMO

This study aimed to validate the Brazilian version of the RMS Tactile Scale (B-RMS-TS) in children and adolescents with visual impairment. Ten visually impaired children and adolescents between 10 and 17 years old of an Educational Center for Visually Impaired People answered the verbalized Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), and the DAS in Braille to evaluate their dental anxiety levels. B-RMS-TS construct validity was assessed by convergent and discriminant validity. Convergent validity was tested in two ways: Pearson's correlation between the B-RMS-TS and the overall anxiety question; Pearson's correlation between B-RMS-TS and verbalized DAS and DAS in Braille. B-RMS-TS reliability was measured by internal consistency (Cronbach's alfa and McDonald's omega) and test-retest reliability (ICC). B-RMS-TS was moderately correlated to the overall anxiety question (r=0.493;p=0.147). B-RMS-TS showed excellent correlation with verbalized DAS (r=0.971;p<0.001) and DAS in Braille (r=0.934;p<0.011). B-RMS-TS was able to discriminate dental anxiety levels between male and female (p=0.008). The B-RMS-TS demonstrated excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.661, McDonald's omega=0.700 and ICC=0.987; 95%CI=0.817-0.999). B-RMS-TS is valid and reliable to measure dental anxiety levels in Brazilian children and adolescents with visual impairment.

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RESUMO

Abstract This study aimed to validate the Brazilian version of the RMS Tactile Scale (B-RMS-TS) in children and adolescents with visual impairment. Ten visually impaired children and adolescents between 10 and 17 years old of an Educational Center for Visually Impaired People answered the verbalized Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), and the DAS in Braille to evaluate their dental anxiety levels. B-RMS-TS construct validity was assessed by convergent and discriminant validity. Convergent validity was tested in two ways: Pearson's correlation between the B-RMS-TS and the overall anxiety question; Pearson's correlation between B-RMS-TS and verbalized DAS and DAS in Braille. B-RMS-TS reliability was measured by internal consistency (Cronbach's alfa and McDonald's omega) and test-retest reliability (ICC). B-RMS-TS was moderately correlated to the overall anxiety question (r=0.493;p=0.147). B-RMS-TS showed excellent correlation with verbalized DAS (r=0.971;p<0.001) and DAS in Braille (r=0.934;p<0.011). B-RMS-TS was able to discriminate dental anxiety levels between male and female (p=0.008). The B-RMS-TS demonstrated excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.661, McDonald's omega=0.700 and ICC=0.987; 95%CI=0.817-0.999). B-RMS-TS is valid and reliable to measure dental anxiety levels in Brazilian children and adolescents with visual impairment.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou validar a versão brasileira da escala tátil RMS (B-RMS-TS) em crianças e adolescentes com deficiência visual. Dez crianças e adolescentes deficientes visuais entre 10 e 17 anos de idade de um Centro Educacional para Pessoas Deficientes Visuais responderam a Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) verbalizada, e a DAS em Braille para avaliar seus níveis de ansiedade odontológica. A validade de construto da B-RMS-TS foi avaliada pela validade convergente e discriminante. A validade convergente foi testada em duas maneiras: correlação de Pearson entre a B-RMS-TS e a questão geral de ansiedade; correlação de Pearson entre a B-RMS-TS e a DAS verbalizada e a DAS em Braille. A confiabilidade da B-RMS-TS foi mensurada pela consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach e ômega de McDonald).) e confiabilidade teste-reteste (CCI). A B-RMS-TS foi correlacionada moderadamente à questão geral de ansiedade (r=0,493;p=0,147). A B-RMS-TS mostrou correlação excelente com a DAS verbalizada (r=0,971;p<0,001) e com a DAS em Braille (r=0,934;p<0,011). A B-RMS-TS foi capaz de discriminar níveis de ansiedade odontológica entre meninos e meninas (p=0,008). A B-RMS-TS demonstrou confiabilidade excelente (alfa de Cronbach=0,661, ômega de McDonald=0,700 e CCI=0,987; 95%IC=0,817-0,999). A B-RMS-TS é válida e confiável para mensurar níveis de ansiedade odontológica em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros com deficiência visual.

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RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The lack of mothers' understanding and information can increase their anxiety and lead to unhealthy behaviors, such as pacifier-use, in their children. AIM: This study aimed to perform pathway analysis of pacifier use by children whose mothers were hearing impaired or had normal hearing. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 116 Brazilian mothers (29 hearing impaired and 87 with normal hearing). Mothers were interviewed about socioeconomic factors and their children's pacifier use habits. They also completed the deaf or hearing versions of the Brazilian Beck Anxiety Inventory. The pathway analysis was used to determine the effects of different variables in the two groups. RESULTS: The child pacifier use pathway among hearing mothers was associated with a long duration of pacifier use (P=0.005), bottle-feeding use (P=0.004), and mothers who had maternity leave (P=0.004). The child pacifier use pathway among mothers who were deaf was associated with premature birth (P=0.025) and a short duration of pacifier use (P=0.005). Mothers who were deaf were also more anxious than those who have normal hearing (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Children of normal hearing mothers used a pacifier for a longer duration than the children of mothers who were deaf. Time of pacifier use was also directly affected by bottle-feeding and maternity leave. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS: These findings provide important information about the cultural path of pacifier use taken by families that had members with and without hearing impairment.

RESUMO

A visão tem importante papel nas experiências de vida e emoções de um indivíduo. Parte considerável das informações que uma pessoa recebe ocorre por meio da visão, e a perda parcial ou total desta função sensorial pode limitar a experiência de vida. Nesse sentido, os odontólogos rotineiramente enfrentam desafios quanto ao tratamento de pacientes especiais. O objetivo deste estudo foi confeccionar e validar a escala tátil B-RMS-TS, que tem como objetivo mensurar a ansiedade odontológica, em crianças e adolescentes com deficiência visual (DV) para uso no Brasil. Participaram do estudo 10 crianças e adolescentes entre 10 e 17 anos de idade do Instituto São Rafael, Belo Horizonte/MG. A escala B-RMS-TS confeccionada e adaptada por meio da tecnologia de impressão 3d. Os participantes responderam à escala de ansiedade odontológica (DAS), à versão brasileira da escala tátil RMS e à escala DAS em Braille. Coletou-se dados relativos à idade, sexo e grau de deficiência visual. Realizou-se análises descritivas, análise da validade do construto por meio da correlação de Pearson, da consistência interna pelo alfa de Cronbach e da confiabilidade teste-reteste por meio do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) (p<0,05). O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CAAE: 13555219.6.0000.5149). A média de idade dos participantes foi de 13,6 anos (± 1,41), sendo 60% do sexo masculino. Cinco participantes possuíam baixa visão e 5 apresentavam cegueira. A maioria dos participantes declarou possuir algum grau de ansiedade (90%). Os escores médios das escalas DAS, versão brasileira da escala tátil RMS e DAS em Braille foram de 9,00 (± 3,30), 9,80 (± 3,26) e 9,44 (± 2,79), respectivamente. Participantes do sexo feminino relataram grau de ansiedade odontológica significativamente maior do que indivíduos do sexo masculino (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença entre os escores das escalas entre indivíduos com baixa visão e cegueira (p > 0,05). Observou-se uma correlação excelente entre a versão brasileira da escala tátil RMS com a DAS (r = 0,971; p < 0,001) e com a DAS em Braille (r = 0,934; p < 0,011). O valor do alfa de Cronbach e do CCI foram de 0,661 e 0,987 (95%CI: 0,817-0,999), respectivamente. A maioria dos participantes (70%) declarou preferência pela escala tátil. Os resultados mostram que a escala B-RMS-TS foi bem aceita pelos participantes e é válida e confiável para mensurar o nível de ansiedade odontológica em crianças e adolescentes brasileiras com deficiência visual

Vision plays an important role in an individual's life experiences and emotions. A considerable part of the information that a person receives occurs through vision, and the partial or total loss of this sensory function can limit the experience of life. In this sense, dentists routinely face challenges in relation to the treatment of special patients. The purpose of this study is to manufacture and validate the B-RMS-TS scale in children and adolescents with visual impairment (VI) for use in Brazil. Ten children and adolescents between 10 and 17 years old from Instituto São Rafael, Belo Horizonte / MG participated in the study. The participants answered the dental anxiety scale (DAS), the B-RMS-TS and the DAS scale in Braille. Data on age, sex and degree of visual impairment were collected. Descriptive analyzes, analysis of the construct's validity by Pearson's correlation, internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were performed. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (CAAE: 13555219.6.0000.5149). The average age of the participants was 13.6 years (± 1.41), 60% of whom were male. Five participants had low vision and 5 blindness. Most participants reported having some degree of anxiety (90%). The mean scores of the DAS, B-RMS-TS and DAS in Braille scales were 9.00 (± 3.30), 9.80 (± 3.26) and 9.44 (± 2.79), respectively. Female participants reported a significantly higher degree of dental anxiety than male participants (p <0.05). There was no difference between the scores of the scales between individuals with low vision and blindness (p> 0.05). There was an excellent correlation between B-RMS-TS and DAS (r = 0.971; p <0.001) and DAS in Braille (r = 0.934; p <0.011). Cronbach's alpha and ICC values were 0.661 and 0.987 (95% CI: 0.817-0.999), respectively. Most participants (70%) declared preference for the tactile scale. The results suggest that the tactile scale was well accepted by the participants, it seems to be valid and reliable to measure the level of dental anxiety in Brazilian children and adolescents with visual impairment.

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