RESUMO
Cervical cancer is a serious public health problem in Brazil, especially in Manaus (Amazonas), the city with the highest incidence rate of cervical cancer in the country. Persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes is the cause of disease development. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of oncogenic genotypes in women at high risk for cervical precancer examined in two policlinics in Manaus. One hundred and two patients who underwent colposcopy took part in the research. The DNA samples obtained from the cervical epithelium were analyzed by PCR with type-specific primers for the detection of eight oncogenic genotypes, which were chosen based on previous studies. The presence of HPV virus was detected in all samples. The most prevalent oncogenic genotypes were 18 (47.1%) and 16 (45.1%). Interestingly, HPV 18 was considered uncommon in this region. In addition to these, genotypes 31 (19.6%), 58 (19.6%), 33 (18.6%), and 45 (15.7%) also had a relatively high frequency in this population. Fifty-six women (54.9%) had multiple infections with up to five oncogenic types. Also, the presence of genotypes other than 16 and 18 was observed in most samples (57.8%), which also deserves attention since they are not covered by currently available vaccines against HPV in Brazil. The high prevalence and multiple infections with several oncogenic HPV genotypes in association with precursor lesions for cervical cancer highlighted the need to improve strategies to prevent this disease in Amazonas.
Assuntos
Infecções por Papillomavirus , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Papillomavirus Humano 18/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Prevalência , Brasil/epidemiologia , Papillomaviridae/genética , DNA Viral/genética , DNA Viral/análise , GenótipoRESUMO
Cervical cancer is a serious public health problem in Brazil, especially in Manaus (Amazonas), the city with the highest incidence rate of cervical cancer in the country. Persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes is the cause of disease development. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of oncogenic genotypes in women at high risk for cervical precancer examined in two policlinics in Manaus. One hundred and two patients who underwent colposcopy took part in the research. The DNA samples obtained from the cervical epithelium were analyzed by PCR with type-specific primers for the detection of eight oncogenic genotypes, which were chosen based on previous studies. The presence of HPV virus was detected in all samples. The most prevalent oncogenic genotypes were 18 (47.1%) and 16 (45.1%). Interestingly, HPV 18 was considered uncommon in this region. In addition to these, genotypes 31 (19.6%), 58 (19.6%), 33 (18.6%), and 45 (15.7%) also had a relatively high frequency in this population. Fifty-six women (54.9%) had multiple infections with up to five oncogenic types. Also, the presence of genotypes other than 16 and 18 was observed in most samples (57.8%), which also deserves attention since they are not covered by currently available vaccines against HPV in Brazil. The high prevalence and multiple infections with several oncogenic HPV genotypes in association with precursor lesions for cervical cancer highlighted the need to improve strategies to prevent this disease in Amazonas.
RESUMO
The popliteal artery is located deep inside the popliteal fossa, and is an important landmark in surgical procedures. Lesions of this vessel and its branches can be dangerous, blocking circulation to the lower limb and leading to gangrene or even vascular failure. The aim of this work was to describe the biometric characteristics of the bifurcations of the popliteal artery and the tibiofibular trunk in relation to the head of the fibula in 38 lower limbs through dissection. The bifurcation of the both arteries was present in all the cases. The mean confidence interval for the bifurcation of the popliteal artery was from 2.82 cm to 3.18 cm from the head of the fibula, and that of the bifurcation of the tibiofibular trunk was from 5.72 cm to 6.68 cm. The bifurcation of the popliteal artery into the anterior tibial artery and tibiofibular trunk showed a more constant positioning than the level of the birfurcation of the posterior tibial artery and fibular artery. These data can help in the development of new access routes to these arteries, or the optimization of surgical planning in the region in question.
La arteria poplítea se encuentra en la fosa del mismo nombre y es un punto de referencia importante en los procedimientos quirúrgicos. Las lesiones de este vaso y sus ramas pueden ser peligrosas, bloqueando la circulación a la extremidad inferior pudiendo llevar a gangrena o incluso a la insuficiencia vascular. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la anatomía de la arteria poplítea y el nivel de su primera bifurcación en tronco tibiofibular y arteria tibial anterior, y además el nivel de bifurcación del tronco en arterias tibial posterior y fibular (segunda bifurcación), en relación a la cabeza de la fíbula. Para ello se realizó disección en 38 miembros inferiores. El intervalo de confianza para la media de la primera bifurcación fue de 2,82 cm a 3,18 cm de la cabeza de la fíbula y la de la segunda bifurcación fue de 5,72 cm a 6,68 cm. La bifurcación de la arteria poplítea en la arteria tibial anterior y el tronco tibiofibular mostró un posicionamiento más constante que la altura de la bifurción de la arteria tibial posterior y la arteria fibular. Estos datos pueden ayudar en el desarrollo de nuevas vías de acceso a estas arterias, o la optimización de la planificación quirúrgica de la región.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Artéria Poplítea/anatomia & histologia , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , CadáverRESUMO
The aim of this study was to verify the association between the epidermal growth factor (EGF) +61 G/A polymorphism and the susceptibility to endometriosis using a case-control design study. The control group included fertile women without endometriosis and the case group included endometriosis patients. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to genotype the EGF +61 G/A polymorphism. Initially, a total of 184 individuals were analyzed. After matching by ethnicity, the control group was composed of 57 individuals, while the endometriosis group was composed of 57 patients. No statistically significant associations were observed between EGF +61 variants and the risk of endometriosis development (P>0.05). This is the first study correlating the EFG +61 G/A polymorphism and endometriosis in women from Brazil, and demonstrates that EFG +61 G/A is not associated with endometriosis susceptibility in Brazilian women.
Assuntos
Endometriose/genética , Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Adulto , Alelos , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Endometriose/patologia , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Biomphalaria tenagophila is very important for schistosomiasis transmission in Brazil. However its mechanisms of interaction with Schistosoma mansoni are still scantly studied. Since this snail displays strains highly susceptible or completely resistant to the parasite infection, the knowledge of that would be a useful tool to understand the mechanism of snail resistance. Particularly, the Taim strain consistently shows absolute resistance against the trematode, and this resistance is a dominant character. A multidisciplinary research group was created aiming at studying B. tenagophila/S. mansoni interaction. The possibility for applying the knowledge acquired to obtain a biological model for the control of S. mansoni transmission in endemic areas is discussed.
Assuntos
Biomphalaria/parasitologia , Vetores de Doenças , Schistosoma mansoni/fisiologia , Animais , Biomphalaria/fisiologia , Brasil , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita/fisiologia , Humanos , Esquistossomose mansoni/transmissãoRESUMO
Biomphalaria tenagophila is very important for schistosomiasis transmission in Brazil. However its mechanisms of interaction with Schistosoma mansoni are still scantly studied. Since this snail displays strains highly susceptible or completely resistant to the parasite infection, the knowledge of that would be a useful tool to understand the mechanism of snail resistance. Particularly, the Taim strain consistently shows absolute resistance against the trematode, and this resistance is a dominant character. A multidisciplinary research group was created aiming at studying B. tenagophila/S. mansoni interaction. The possibility for applying the knowledge acquired to obtain a biological model for the control of S. mansoni transmission in endemic areas is discussed.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Biomphalaria , Vetores de Doenças , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Schistosoma mansoni , Brasil , Esquistossomose mansoniRESUMO
Achatina fulica, the intermediate snail host of angiostrongyliasis and also an agricultural pest, is being bred in Brazil for human consumption as "escargot". The snail has escaped from its artificial breeding sites and its dispersal in Itariri country, State of S. Paulo, is reported here for the first time. A. fulica is a transmitter of the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis, nematode which causes meningoencephalic angiostrongyliasis; the risks of human contamination are commented on.
Assuntos
Angiostrongylus cantonensis/fisiologia , Moluscos/parasitologia , Infecções por Strongylida/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Humanos , Controle de PragasRESUMO
A careful anatomical revision of 10,616 preserved specimens of snails from 76 localities of the State of S. Paulo, Brazil, was made with a view better to determining the geographical distribution of Biomphalaria straminea in the Neotropical Region of Southern Brazil. The analysis has shown that previous determinations were correct. The study was then complemented with a survey of information from the literature about distribution of the species. The distribution pattern of the species has expanded greatly over the last few years, perhaps an account of the construction of new dams, and the navigation system in the upper Paraná Basin. Epidemiological data have shown that B. straminea is a good host to S. mansoni. Continuous schistosomiasis control must be exercised so as to prevent the further expansion of the disease.
Assuntos
Biomphalaria , Características de Residência , Animais , BrasilRESUMO
An analysis to determine new localities colonized by the intermediate snail hosts (B. straminea, B. tenagophila and B. tenagophila tenagophila) of Schistosoma mansoni from Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina States (Brazil) was carried out. As regards the geographical distribution of the schistosomiasis vector, the possible extension of the endemic disease to Southernmost Brazil is commented on.
Assuntos
Biomphalaria/fisiologia , Esquistossomose mansoni/epidemiologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Vetores de Doenças , Ecologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , HumanosRESUMO
An analysis was carried out to determine the natural population of freshwater molluscs from 5 municipalities within the area of influence of the Couto Magalhães hydroelectric project. These municipalities cover a large area of the State of Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil). In this study 624 molluscs of the following species were examined: Drepanotrema anatinum, D. lucidum, D. depressissimum, Biomphalaria straminea, D. schrammi, Physa marmorata, Lymnaea columella, Pomacea and Eupera. One to their importance in public health, the discovery of Biomphalaria straminea and Lymnaea columella, intermediate hosts, respectively, of Shistosoma mansoni and Fasciola hepatica, deserves special mention.
Assuntos
Vetores de Doenças , Moluscos/classificação , Animais , Biomphalaria , Brasil , Fasciolíase/transmissão , Água Doce , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Lymnaea , Moluscos/isolamento & purificação , Densidade Demográfica , Esquistossomose mansoni/transmissãoRESUMO
The geographical distribution of Biomphalaria tenagophila (d'Orbigny, 1835) and B. occidentalis Paraense, 1981 in S. Paulo State, Brazil, is described. The first species being the most important intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907. The second species is unsusceptible to transmission. The two species inhabit the limnic environments of great areas of S. Paulo, occasionally in simpatria. The 3,160 samples of mollusks collected between September 1981 and March 1986 were examined. B. tenagophila were identified in 1,062 of these samples from 203 municipalities and B. occidentalis in 255 samples from 97 municipalities. Biogeographical circumstances related to the distribution of the planorbids species are commented on.
Assuntos
Biomphalaria , Vetores de Doenças , Animais , Biomphalaria/parasitologia , Brasil , Ecologia , Schistosoma mansoni/fisiologia , Esquistossomose mansoni/transmissãoRESUMO
This study reports the finding of Biomphalaria tenagophila naturally aestived in two municipalities of the State of S. Paulo (Brazil): Ubatuba and Conchas. This ethological characteristic was discovered in 15 specimens collected in Ubatuba, and in 6 specimens collected in Conchas. The snails aestived showed vitality after being placed in water.