RESUMO
PIP: This work describes the methodology and demonstrates the utility of usual limits of variation as an instrument of diagnosis and analysis of the status of infant mortality at a given moment. The method is illustrated using Cuban data for 1980-84 and the 1st 6 months of 1985 at the national and provincial levels. The infant mortality rate was always under 20/1000 live births during the 5 years. Monthly level provincial data on births and infant deaths were used to calculate infant mortality rates and to identify the limits of usual variation. The processing was done manually and the results were expressed as rates represented graphically, showing the monthly maximum, minimum, and median. 4 separate areas of the graphs were identified: the success zone under the minimum curve, the security zone between the minimum and average curve, the alert zone between the average and maximum curve, and the alarm zone above the maximum curve. Cuba's highest infant mortality rates have occurred in the months of June and July for the 1980-84 series. A rate above the maximum suggests a deterioration of the infant mortality situation. The same series can be calculated for early or late neonatal or postneonatal mortality, for mortality by specific causes, or in smaller geographic areas. The usefulness of the technique is diminished if the area or the period of analysis becomes too small. Established limits of usual variation should be updated at least every 2 years.^ieng
Assuntos
Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Mortalidade Infantil , Projetos de Pesquisa , América , Região do Caribe , Cuba , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Geografia , América Latina , Mortalidade , América do Norte , População , Dinâmica Populacional , Pesquisa , Estações do AnoRESUMO
A survey of bronchial asthma prevalence and inheritance patterns was carried out in the municipality of San Antonio de los Banõs, La Habana, Cuba, employing as a sample 3,295 of the area's inhabitants. These persons, selected by stratified, non-restricted sampling techniques, represented 11.02 per cent of the total population. The asthma prevalence found in this sample, which was considered representative of the local population, was 9.74 percent. No significant variations were noted in male and female prevalence rates. The occurrence of bronchial asthma is strongly influenced by inheritance. Our survey supported this view, and also showed that the age of asthma onset is influenced by whether or not the subject's family has a positive history of allergy or not. However, patients with a positive history on one side of their family had an age of onset that was not significantly different from patients with a positive history on both sides (p less than 0.35). Overall, the results tend to confirm that the inheritance of bronchial asthma is autosomal and does not conform to simple dominant or recessive inheritance patterns. Rather, asthma inheritance appears multifactorial, perhaps involving varying degrees of expression, indicating that more is involved than absence or deficiency of a single enzyme.
Assuntos
Asma/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Asma/genética , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cuba , Demografia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos de AmostragemRESUMO
A survey of bronchial asthma prevalence and inheritance patterns was carried out in the municipality of San Antonio de los Banâs, La Habana, Cuba, employing as a sample 3,295 of the area's inhabitants. These persons, selected by stratified, non-restricted sampling techniques, represented 11.02 per cent of the total population. The asthma prevalence found in this sample, which was considered representative of the local population, was 9.74 percent. No significant variations were noted in male and female prevalence rates. The occurrence of bronchial asthma is strongly influenced by inheritance. Our survey supported this view, and also showed that the age of asthma onset is influenced by whether or not the subject's family has a positive history of allergy or not. However, patients with a positive history on one side of their family had an age of onset that was not significantly different from patients with a positive history on both sides (p less than 0.35). Overall, the results tend to confirm that the inheritance of bronchial asthma is autosomal and does not conform to simple dominant or recessive inheritance patterns. Rather, asthma inheritance appears multifactorial, perhaps involving varying degrees of expression, indicating that more is involved than absence or deficiency of a single enzyme (Au)