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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Bradykinin (BK-(1-9)) is an endogenous nonapeptide involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Peptide fragments of bradykinin are believed to be biologically inactive. We have now tested the two major peptide fragments of bradykinin in human and animals. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: BK peptides were quantified by MS in male rats. NO release was quantified from human, mouse and rat cells loaded with DAF-FM. Rat aortic rings were used to measure vascular reactivity. Changes in BP and HR were measured in conscious male rats. To evaluate pro-inflammatory effects both vascular permeability and nociception were measured in adult mice. KEY RESULTS: BK-(1-7) and BK-(1-5) are produced in vivo from BK-(1-9). Both peptides induced NO production in all cell types tested. However, unlike BK-(1-9), NO production elicited by BK-(1-7) or BK-(1-5) was not inhibited by B1 or B2 receptor antagonists. BK-(1-7) and BK-(1-5) induced concentration-dependent vasorelaxation of aortic rings, without involvement of B1 or B2 receptors. Intravenous or intra-arterial administration of BK-(1-7) or BK-(1-5) induced similar hypotensive response in vivo. Nociceptive responses of BK-(1-7) and BK-(1-5) were reduced compared to BK-(1-9), and no increase in vascular permeability was observed for BK-(1-9) fragments. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: BK-(1-7) and BK-(1-5) are endogenous peptides present in plasma. BK-related peptide fragments show biological activity, not mediated by B1 or B2 receptors. These BK fragments could constitute new, active components of the kallikrein-kinin system.

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RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o impacto do treinamento físico sobre o desempenho físico em pacientes com dermatomiosite e polimiosite. Para tanto, uma revisão sistemática e metanálise foi conduzida de acordo com as diretrizes do PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed/MEDLINE e Web of Science, utilizando combinações das seguintes palavras-chave em inglês: dermatomyositis OR polymyositis OR myositis AND exercise OR physical exercise OR physical therapy OR aerobic exercise OR endurance exercise OR resistance exercise. Foram incluídos estudos que atenderam aos seguintes critérios: (1) os participantes apresentavam diagnóstico de dermatomiosite ou polimiosite; (2) os pacientes foram submetidos a um protocolo de treinamento físico; (3) o desempenho físico foi mensurado antes e após o protocolo de treinamento físico. Um total de 14 artigos foram selecionados para inclusão na revisão sistemática e 10 artigos foram selecionados para inclusão na metanálise. Os resultados demonstram que o treinamento físico é eficaz em aumentar o desempenho físico global nos pacientes com dermatomiosite e polimiosite (tamanho do efeito: 0,72; IC 95% 0,55; 0,89). Além disso, foi demonstrado também que tanto as variáveis de desempenho aeróbio (tamanho do efeito: 0,88; IC 95% 0,54; 1,21), quanto as variáveis de desempenho resistido (tamanho do efeito: 0,64; IC 95% 0,43; 0,85) são beneficiadas com o treinamento físico nesses pacientes. Conclui-se que o treinamento físico apresentou um efeito benéfico significativo sobre o desempenho físico global, aeróbio e resistido em pacientes com dermatomiosite e polimiosite.

RESUMEN Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el impacto del entrenamiento físico sobre el rendimiento físico en pacientes con dermatomiositis y polimiositis. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis siguiendo las guías PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Se hizo una búsqueda bibliográfica en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed/MEDLINE y Web of Science, utilizando las siguientes palabras clave combinadas en inglés: dermatomyositis OR polymyositis OR myositis AND exercise OR physical exercise OR physical therapy OR aerobic exercise OR endurance exercise OR resistance exercise. Se incluyeron los estudios que cumplieron los siguientes criterios: (1) los participantes tenían un diagnóstico de dermatomiositis o polimiositis; (2) los pacientes se sometieron a un protocolo de entrenamiento físico; y (3) el rendimiento físico se midió antes y después del protocolo de entrenamiento físico. Al total se seleccionaron 14 artículos para incluir en la revisión sistemática y 10 artículos en el metaanálisis. Los resultados demuestran que el entrenamiento físico es eficaz para aumentar el rendimiento físico general en pacientes con dermatomiositis y polimiositis (tamaño del efecto: 0,72; IC 95% 0,55; 0,89). Además, tanto las variables de rendimiento aeróbico (tamaño del efecto: 0,88; IC 95% 0,54; 1,21) como las variables de rendimiento de resistencia (tamaño del efecto: 0,64; IC 95% 0,43; 0,85) mejoraron con la actividad física en estos pacientes. Se concluye que el entrenamiento físico tuvo un efecto significativo sobre el rendimiento físico global, aeróbico y de resistencia en pacientes con dermatomiositis y polimiositis.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the impact of physical training on physical performance in patients with dermatomyositis and polymyositis. For this purpose, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis according to the guidelines of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science, using combinations of the following keywords in English: dermatomyositis OR polymyositis OR myositis AND exercise OR physical exercise OR physical therapy OR aerobic exercise OR endurance exercise OR resistance exercise. Studies that met the following criteria were included: (1) participants diagnosed with dermatomyositis or polymyositis; (2) patients that undergone a physical training protocol; (3) physical performance measured before and after the physical training protocol. A total of 14 articles were selected for inclusion in the systematic review and 10 articles were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The outcomes demonstrate that physical training is effective in increasing overall physical performance in patients with dermatomyositis and polymyositis (effect size: 0.72; 95% CI 0.55; 0.89). Also, our study demonstrated that both the aerobic performance (effect size: 0.88; 95% CI 0.54; 1.21) and resistance performance variables (effect size: 0.64; CI 95% 0.43; 0.85) benefit from physical training in these patients. We concluded that physical training had a significant beneficial effect on the overall, aerobic and resistance physical performance in patients with dermatomyositis and polymyositis.

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Bronchial responsiveness during methacholine (MCh) challenge was analysed in an elastase-induced mouse model of emphysema to explore the magnitude of the response in this model. Swiss mice were intratracheally instilled with saline or elastase (0.3 or 0.6 U). Twenty days afterward, mechanical ventilation data were collected from the closed and opened thorax of baseline and MCh (vehicle, 50 and 100 mg/mL) challenged mice. The lungs were prepared for morphometric analysis. In the 0.6 U group, airway resistance (Raw) and tissue elastance (H) were decreased, and hysteresivity (η) was increased (closed thorax). MCh increased Raw, G and H in all groups, but this increase was attenuated in the elastase-induced emphysema groups, the largest attenuation was observed in the 0.6 U (closed thorax condition). Elastase increased hyperinflation of the alveoli, alveolar collapse and the Lm and reduced the normal area. MCh reduced respiratory mechanics in elastase-induced emphysema, and this reduction was modulated by the collapsed and/or hyperinflated areas, which increased the heterogeneity of the lungs.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an exercise program based on the Pilates Matwork method on sedentary volunteers who self-reported changes in their sleep quality and quality of life. This was a prospective clinical study, in which the variables (level of sleepiness and quality of life) were compared before and after applying a protocol of 12 weeks of an exercise program (2 sessions per week). The level of sleepiness showed significant improvement between before and after the intervention (p: 0.04). Quality of life improved based on all of the emotional components and the physical components (p < 0.05) with the exception of the physical domain (p: 0.09). The results of this study indicate that the sedentary population who participated in this 12 week Pilates program experienced improvements in sleep quality and quality of life.

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A Artrite Reumatóide é uma doença inflamatória sistêmica crônica que possui prevalência aumentada com o passar da idade, ocorrendo mais em mulheres do que em homens. É caracterizada por inflamações periódicas da sinóvia articular, sendo simétrica e poliarticular. A etiologia permanece desconhecida, havendo indícios de ser uma doença auto-imune. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a efi cácia da fisioterapia no tratamento dos sinais e sintomas da artrite reumatóide, tais como: dor, edema e diminuição da amplitude de movimento. A voluntária foi selecionada a partir do momento que foi admitida e submetida a uma avaliação fisioterapêutica na Clínica Escola de Fisioterapia da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), onde dados sobre a história da patologia apresentada foram colhidos. Além disso, a paciente foi submetido as seguintes avaliações: (a) aplicação da Escala Analógica Visual (EAV) para avaliação da dor; (b) goniometria; (c) testes musculares; (d) perimetria; (e) palpação e (f) testes específicos. O tratamento consistiu de exercícios resistidos utilizando massa de silicone e tábua canadense, técnica de Facilitação Neuromuscular Proprioceptiva (FNP), alongamento global, ultra-som pulsado e exercícios como bomba tíbio-társica no turbilhão. Foi observado, no presente estudo, que o tratamento proposto trouxe benefícios à paciente, resultando na diminuição de edemas, redução da dor (queda de 80%) e dos nódulos típicos da artrite reumatóide,assim como aumento da força e amplitude de movimento.

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease which prevalence has increased with aging, occurring more in women than in men. It is characterized by synovial joint periodic inflammation, and symmetric and polyarticular involvement. The etiology remains unknown, there is evidence of an autoimmune disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy in the treatment of signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, such as pain, swelling and decreased range of motion. The volunteer was selected from the time it was admitted and subjected to a physical therapy assessment in the Physiotherapy Clinical School of UFVJM and data about history of pathology presented were collected. Furthermore, the patient underwent the following assessments: (a) application of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain assessment, (b) goniometry; (c) muscle testing, (d) perimetry (e) palpation and (f ) specifi c tests. The treatment consisted of resistance exercises using silicone and Canadian board, technical Neuromuscular Facilitation proprioceptive (FNP), global stretching, pulsed ultrasound and ankle exercises. It was observed in this study that the proposed treatment has brought benefits to the patient, resulting in reduction of swelling, reduction of pain (a decrease of 80%) and nodules typical of rheumatoid arthritis as well as increase strength and range of motion.

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