RESUMO
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an endemic fungal disease that occurs in Latin America and primarily affects humans. The disease has been rarely documented in non-human primates. This report details a disseminated and fatal case of PCM caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in a western black-handed tamarin (Saguinus niger) under human care. Histopathological examination revealed extensive pyogranulomatous inflammation in the lungs, spleen, liver, lymph nodes, kidneys, epididymis, right testicle, heart, adrenal gland and intestines, associated with characteristic yeast forms consistent with Paracoccidioides spp and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Molecular analysis indicated a high nucleotide similarity with P. brasiliensis sequences for both the 18S rRNA and gp43 genes. This naturally occurring infection highlights the susceptibility of these animals to PCM and their role in ecoepidemiology warrants further investigation.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Macacos , Paracoccidioidomicose , Saguinus , Animais , Paracoccidioidomicose/veterinária , Doenças dos Macacos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Macacos/patologia , Masculino , ParacoccidioidesRESUMO
Tick abnormalities have been unusual in nature, and they can be divided into local and general. In the present study, external morphological anomalies were described in 31 individual adult ticks of 15 different species of Ixodidae, which were collected on wild hosts (20 ticks), domestic hosts (7 ticks), and in the environment (4 ticks) in 11 states of Brazil from 1998 to 2022. Among the 31 tick specimens, 14 (45%) were categorized as local anomalies, and 17 (55%) as general anomalies. The ticks were taxonomically identified into 14 species of Amblyomma, and one species of Rhipicephalus. Local anomalies included malformations of scutum/alloscutum, ectromely, leg atrophy, and a third ectopic spiracular plate. General anomalies included opisthosoma duplication, no expansion of dorsal alloscutum in engorged females, and gynandromorphism; the latter is described for 13 tick specimens. Morphological anomalies in Amblyomma aureolatum, Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma humerale and Amblyomma longirostre are reported for the first time. Although the results herein expand the list of anomalous tick species in the Neotropics, future studies should be conducted to clarify the origin of these anomalies.
Assuntos
Ixodidae , Rhipicephalus , Infestações por Carrapato , Feminino , Animais , Ixodidae/anatomia & histologia , Brasil , Amblyomma , Infestações por Carrapato/epidemiologia , Infestações por Carrapato/veterináriaRESUMO
Mesoteliomas são neoplasias malignas que causam lesões graves e extensas em peritônio, pleura, pericárdio e órgãos adjacentes. O presente estudo de caso discorre sobre o óbito de uma onça-pintada (Panthera onca) mantida sob cuidados humanos em um zoológico do estado de São Paulo, com idade estimada de 19 anos, que apresentou aumento de volume abdominal, ascite, diminuição de deslocamento pelo recinto, inapetência e polidipsia. O paciente foi submetido a exames clínicos, laboratoriais e de diagnósticos por imagem, e em curto espaço de tempo foi a óbito. Os resultados anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos indicaram o diagnóstico conclusivo de mesotelioma peritoneal, com metástase em linfonodo mesenterico.(AU)
Mesotheliomas are malignant neoplasms and cause severe and extensive lesions in the peritoneum, pleura, pericardium and adjacent organs. The present case study discusses the death of a jaguar (Panthera onca) kept under human care in a zoo in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with an estimated age of 19-years-old. He presented increased abdominal volume, ascites, decreased displacement by the enclosure, inappetence and polydipsia. The patient underwent clinical, laboratory and diagnostic imaging tests and died after a short period of time. The anatomopathological results indicated the diagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma, with metastasis in the mesenteric lymph node.(AU)
Los mesoteliomas son neoplasias malignas y provocan lesiones graves y extensas en el peritoneo, pleura, pericardio y órganos adyacentes. El presente estudio de caso presenta la muerte de un jaguar (Panthera onca) mantenido bajo cuidado humano en un zoológico en el estado de São Paulo, Brasil, con una edad estimada de 19 años. El animal presentó aumento de volumen abdominal, ascitis, disminución del desplazamiento por el recinto, inapetencia y polidipsia. Al paciente se le realizaron pruebas clínicas, de laboratorio y de diagnóstico por imágenes, pero en poco tiempo falleció. Los resultados anatomopatológicos indicaron el diagnóstico de mesotelioma peritoneal, con metástasis en el ganglio mesenterico.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Neoplasias Peritoneais/diagnóstico , Mesotelioma/diagnóstico , Pericárdio/anatomia & histologia , Peritônio/anatomia & histologia , Pleura/anatomia & histologia , Panthera , Animais de ZoológicoRESUMO
This study evaluated ticks and rickettsial exposure in 220 free-ranging lowland tapirs, Tapirus terrestris, from 2006 to 2018 in selected areas of three major biomes of Brazil - Atlantic Forest, Pantanal, and Cerrado. Overall, a total of 5970 tick specimens representing the following nine species were collected from tapirs: Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma dubitatum, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma parvum, Amblyomma sculptum, Amblyomma triste, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi, and Rhipicephalus microplus. Amblyomma sculptum was the most prevalent and abundant tick species in all three biomes; however, mean intensity values for A. sculptum were significantly lower in Atlantic Forest than in the Pantanal or Cerrado, and at the same time, statistically similar among tapirs from Pantanal and Cerrado. Contrastingly, mean intensity values for A. coelebs were significantly higher in the Atlantic Forest than in the other biomes. The remaining tick species were collected in lower numbers, or were exclusive for one biome, e.g., A. brasiliense and H. juxtakochi only in the Atlantic Forest. A total of 177 blood sera (123 individuals plus 54 recaptures) were collected from tapirs and tested for the presence of reactive antibodies to six Rickettsia species by immunofluorescence assay. Overall, 69% (9/13), 49% (62/126), and 66% (25/38) tapir sera from Atlantic Forest, Pantanal and Cerrado, respectively, were seroreactive to at least one Rickettsia species, with no significant difference between the three areas. Although many tapir sera reacted simultaneously to ≥2 Rickettsia species, Rickettsia parkeri elicited highest % seroprevalence and endpoint titers, and was incriminated as the possible agent involved in a homologous reaction in tapirs from the three biomes, where A. ovale was previously found infected by R. parkeri. In fact, seroconversion to R. parkeri was demonstrated in five tapirs that were captured at least twice during the study. This study demonstrated that tapirs were found to be constantly infested by several tick species in the Atlantic Forest, Pantanal and Cerrado biomes; however, the richness of tick infestations was concordant to the tick species known to be established in each biome. Under natural conditions, lowland tapirs were shown to be exposed to tick-borne spotted fever group rickettsiae.
Assuntos
Ixodidae/microbiologia , Ixodidae/fisiologia , Perissodáctilos , Infecções por Rickettsia/veterinária , Infestações por Carrapato/veterinária , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Ecossistema , Feminino , Ixodidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Larva/microbiologia , Larva/fisiologia , Masculino , Ninfa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ninfa/microbiologia , Ninfa/fisiologia , Prevalência , Rickettsia/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Rickettsia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rickettsia/microbiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Especificidade da Espécie , Infestações por Carrapato/epidemiologia , Infestações por Carrapato/parasitologiaRESUMO
O crescimento neoplásico é definido como proliferação autônoma e progressiva das células, que na maioria dos casos está correlacionada à presença de massa ou tumor. As neoplasias são pouco relatadas em felinos silvestres e a indicação quase sempre é a exérese da neoformação. Há um significativo aumento na incidência de neoplasias em animais silvestres mantidos sob cuidados humanos, provavelmente relacionadas ao aumento da taxa de longevidade dos animais em zoológicos. Um exemplar de jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis) apresentou aumento de volume do testículo direito e foi submetido a exames de imagens e laboratoriais. O exame citológico e histopatológico foi conclusivo para seminoma, e o paciente foi submetido a orquiectomia unilateral. O felino apresentou recuperação satisfatória e será acompanhado pelos próximos anos para o monitoramento da neoplasia no organismo. Esse é o primeiro relato de seminoma em jaguatirica.
Neoplastic growth is defined as an autonomous and progressive proliferation of cells which, in most cases, is correlated with the presence of a mass or tumor. Neoplasms are rarely reported in wild cats and the indicated treatment is almost always the excision of the new formation. There is a significant increase in the incidence of neoplasms in wild animals under human care, probably related to the increase in the longevity rate of animals kept in zoos. A specimen of ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) showed an increase in the volume of the right testicle and the patient was submitted to imaging and laboratory tests. The diagnosis was conclusive for seminoma and the patient underwent a unilateral orchiectomy. The patient has recovered well and will be followed-up over the next few years to monitor the presence of neoplasm in the body. This is the first report of seminoma in an ocelot.
El crecimiento de una neoplasia se caracteriza por la proliferación autónoma y progresiva de las células, que en la mayoría de los casos está relacionada con la presencia de una masa o un tumor. Existen pocos relatos de tumores en felinos salvajes, en los que está indicada casi siempre su extirpación. Se ha comprobado un aumento significativo de las neoplasias en animales salvajes bajo cuidados humanos, probablemente relacionado con la mayor longevidad de esos animales en zoológicos. Un ocelote (Leopardus pardalis) presentó aumento de volumen del testículo derecho. Fueran realizados exámenes de laboratorio y de imágenes. Los exámenes tológicos e histopatológicos evidenciaron la presencia de un seminoma, por lo que fue realizada una orquiectomía unilateral. El felino tuvo una recuperación satisfactoria y será controlado durante los próximos años ante la eventual aparición de otros tumores, recidiva o metástasis. Este es el primer relato de un seminoma en un ocelote.
Assuntos
Animais , Felidae , Neoplasias Testiculares/classificação , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , OrquiectomiaRESUMO
A piometra nos felinos pode se apresentar com ou sem secreção vaginal, dependendo da abertura do colo uterino. Os sinais clínicos mais evidentes de uma piometra de colo uterino fechado são perda do apetite, apatia, letargia, polidipsia, poliuria, hipertermia e aumento de volume abdominal. A conduta veterinária depende de inúmeros fatores, mas invariavelmente a paciente é submetida a procedimentos cirúrgicos de ovário-histerectomia. O presente relato de caso se refere a uma onça- parda (Puma concolor) de mais de 16 anos sob cuidados humanos em um zoologico do interior de São Paulo com suspeita clinica de piometra fechada. A paciente foi submetida a exame de ultrassom, análises laboratoriais e ovário-histerectomia. O animal se recuperou bem e retornou ao recinto de exposição do jardim zoológico.
Pyometra in felines may present with a vaginal discharge or no vaginal discharge, depending on the opening of the uterine cervix. The most obvious clinical signs of a closed uterine cervix pyometra are loss of appetite, apathy, lethargy, polydipsia, polyuria, hyperthermia and abdominal enlargement. The veterinary approach depends on numerous factors, but the patient is invariably submitted to an ovariohysterectomy. This case report discusses a puma (Puma concolor), aged over 16 years and under human care in a zoo in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with clinical suspicion of closed pyometra. The patient underwent ultrasound examination, laboratory analysis and an ovariohysterectomy. The animal recovered well and returned to the display enclosure at the zoo.
En felinos la piómetra se puede presentar con o sin secreción vaginal, dependiendo de que el cuello uterino se encuentre abierto o cerrado. Los signos clinicos más evidentes de cuello cerrado son la pérdida del apetito, apatia, letargia, polidipsia, poliuria, hipertermia y aumento del volumen abdominal. El tratamiento depende de muchos factores, pero es común que a estos pacientes se les realice una ovariohisterectomia. El presente relato refiere a una puma (Puma concolor) de más de 16 años bajo cuidados humanos en un zoológico del interior del estado de São Paulo, Brasil, con diagnóstico presuntivo de piómetra cerrada. Se realizó una ecografia, exámenes de laboratorio y, finalmente, se realizó la ovariohisterectomia El animal se recupero bien, y volvió a su recinto de exposición en el zoológico.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Histerectomia Vaginal , Piometra/classificação , Piometra/diagnóstico , PumaRESUMO
O crescimento neoplásico é definido como proliferação autônoma e progressiva das células, que na maioria dos casos está correlacionada à presença de massa ou tumor. As neoplasias são pouco relatadas em felinos silvestres e a indicação quase sempre é a exérese da neoformação. Há um significativo aumento na incidência de neoplasias em animais silvestres mantidos sob cuidados humanos, provavelmente relacionadas ao aumento da taxa de longevidade dos animais em zoológicos. Um exemplar de jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis) apresentou aumento de volume do testículo direito e foi submetido a exames de imagens e laboratoriais. O exame citológico e histopatológico foi conclusivo para seminoma, e o paciente foi submetido a orquiectomia unilateral. O felino apresentou recuperação satisfatória e será acompanhado pelos próximos anos para o monitoramento da neoplasia no organismo. Esse é o primeiro relato de seminoma em jaguatirica.(AU)
Neoplastic growth is defined as an autonomous and progressive proliferation of cells which, in most cases, is correlated with the presence of a mass or tumor. Neoplasms are rarely reported in wild cats and the indicated treatment is almost always the excision of the new formation. There is a significant increase in the incidence of neoplasms in wild animals under human care, probably related to the increase in the longevity rate of animals kept in zoos. A specimen of ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) showed an increase in the volume of the right testicle and the patient was submitted to imaging and laboratory tests. The diagnosis was conclusive for seminoma and the patient underwent a unilateral orchiectomy. The patient has recovered well and will be followed-up over the next few years to monitor the presence of neoplasm in the body. This is the first report of seminoma in an ocelot.(AU)
El crecimiento de una neoplasia se caracteriza por la proliferación autónoma y progresiva de las células, que en la mayoría de los casos está relacionada con la presencia de una masa o un tumor. Existen pocos relatos de tumores en felinos salvajes, en los que está indicada casi siempre su extirpación. Se ha comprobado un aumento significativo de las neoplasias en animales salvajes bajo cuidados humanos, probablemente relacionado con la mayor longevidad de esos animales en zoológicos. Un ocelote (Leopardus pardalis) presentó aumento de volumen del testículo derecho. Fueran realizados exámenes de laboratorio y de imágenes. Los exámenes tológicos e histopatológicos evidenciaron la presencia de un seminoma, por lo que fue realizada una orquiectomía unilateral. El felino tuvo una recuperación satisfactoria y será controlado durante los próximos años ante la eventual aparición de otros tumores, recidiva o metástasis. Este es el primer relato de un seminoma en un ocelote.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Felidae , Neoplasias Testiculares/classificação , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , OrquiectomiaRESUMO
A piometra nos felinos pode se apresentar com ou sem secreção vaginal, dependendo da abertura do colo uterino. Os sinais clínicos mais evidentes de uma piometra de colo uterino fechado são perda do apetite, apatia, letargia, polidipsia, poliuria, hipertermia e aumento de volume abdominal. A conduta veterinária depende de inúmeros fatores, mas invariavelmente a paciente é submetida a procedimentos cirúrgicos de ovário-histerectomia. O presente relato de caso se refere a uma onça- parda (Puma concolor) de mais de 16 anos sob cuidados humanos em um zoologico do interior de São Paulo com suspeita clinica de piometra fechada. A paciente foi submetida a exame de ultrassom, análises laboratoriais e ovário-histerectomia. O animal se recuperou bem e retornou ao recinto de exposição do jardim zoológico.(AU)
Pyometra in felines may present with a vaginal discharge or no vaginal discharge, depending on the opening of the uterine cervix. The most obvious clinical signs of a closed uterine cervix pyometra are loss of appetite, apathy, lethargy, polydipsia, polyuria, hyperthermia and abdominal enlargement. The veterinary approach depends on numerous factors, but the patient is invariably submitted to an ovariohysterectomy. This case report discusses a puma (Puma concolor), aged over 16 years and under human care in a zoo in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with clinical suspicion of closed pyometra. The patient underwent ultrasound examination, laboratory analysis and an ovariohysterectomy. The animal recovered well and returned to the display enclosure at the zoo.(AU)
En felinos la piómetra se puede presentar con o sin secreción vaginal, dependiendo de que el cuello uterino se encuentre abierto o cerrado. Los signos clinicos más evidentes de cuello cerrado son la pérdida del apetito, apatia, letargia, polidipsia, poliuria, hipertermia y aumento del volumen abdominal. El tratamiento depende de muchos factores, pero es común que a estos pacientes se les realice una ovariohisterectomia. El presente relato refiere a una puma (Puma concolor) de más de 16 años bajo cuidados humanos en un zoológico del interior del estado de São Paulo, Brasil, con diagnóstico presuntivo de piómetra cerrada. Se realizó una ecografia, exámenes de laboratorio y, finalmente, se realizó la ovariohisterectomia El animal se recupero bien, y volvió a su recinto de exposición en el zoológico.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Piometra/classificação , Piometra/diagnóstico , Puma , Histerectomia VaginalRESUMO
Brazil concentrates the largest number of primate species in the world. In the present study, an extensive literature review of ticks on New World wild monkeys has been carried out, demonstrating that between the years 1912 to 2018, 182 larvae, 137 nymphs and 31 adult ticks (10 males and 21 females) were collected on 78 primates (from 12 different species) in 28 distinct localities in the Brazilian territory. Additionally, examination of allotments of 11 tick collections of Brazil revealed that from 1919 to 2019, 93 larvae, 91 nymphs and 175 adult ticks (62 males and 113 females) were collected from 100 monkeys (among 20 different species) from 43 localities in distinct Brazilian biomes. Overall, 19 tick species were identified on wild primates in the country: Amblyomma aureolatum (Pallas, 1772), Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) sensu stricto, Amblyomma coelebs Neumann, 1899, Amblyomma dubitatum Neumann, 1899, Amblyomma geayi Neumann, 1899, Amblyomma incisum Neumann, 1906, Amblyomma longirostre (Koch, 1844), Amblyomma naponense (Packard, 1869), Amblyomma nodosum Neumann, 1899, Amblyomma ovale Koch, 1844, Amblyomma parkeri Fonseca & Aragão, 1952, Amblyomma romarioi Martins, Luz & Labruna, 2019, Amblyomma rotundatum Koch, 1844, Amblyomma sculptum Berlese, 1888, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi Cooley, 1946, Ixodes fuscipes Koch, 1844, Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) sensu lato,and Ornithodoros rostratus Aragão, 1911. The presence of A. incisum, A. naponense, A. nodosum, A. rotundatum and I. fuscipes on monkeys is recorded for the first time. Thisresearch is therefore a significant contribution to the knowledge of tick speciesassociated with non-human primates in the Neotropical region.
RESUMO
This research reports ticks on wild raptors in Brazil. Between the years 1936 and 2019, 127 larvae, 230 nymphs and 34 adult ticks were collected on 92 raptors (among 27 different species) from 35 localities in distinct Brazilian biomes. Additionally, an extensive literature review on ticks on wild raptors has been carried out, demonstrating that from 1993 to 2016, 29 larvae, 81 nymphs, 29 adults and 186 indeterminate immature ticks (larvae or nymphs) were collected on 41 raptors (16 different species) in 17 distinct localities in the Brazilian territory. The following tick species were identified on wild raptors in the country: Amblyomma aureolatum (Pallas, 1772), Amblyomma auricularium (Conil, 1878), Amblyomma brasiliense Aragão, 1908, Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) sensu stricto, Amblyomma calcaratum Neumann, 1899, Amblyomma coelebs Neumann, 1899, Amblyomma dubitatum Neumann, 1899, Amblyomma longirostre (Koch, 1844), Amblyomma nodosum Neumann, 1899, Amblyomma ovale Koch, 1844, Amblyomma parkeri Fonseca & Aragão, 1952, Amblyomma sculptum Berlese, 1888, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi Cooley, 1946, Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888), and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) sensu lato. This study is therefore a significant contribution to our knowledge of the ticks associated with Brazilian raptors.
RESUMO
The taxonomy of muriquis,â¯the largest extant primates in the New World,â¯is controversial. While some specialists argue for a monotypic genus (Brachyteles arachnoides), others favor a two-species classification, splitting northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) from southern muriquis (B. arachnoides). This uncertainty affects how we study the differences between these highly endangered and charismatic primates, as well as the design of more effective conservation programs. To address this issue, between 2003 and 2017 we collected over 230 muriqui fecal samples across the genus' distribution in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, extracted DNA from these samples, and sequenced 423 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. Phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses of our sequence dataset robustly support two reciprocally monophyletic groups corresponding to northern and southern muriquis separated by an average 12.7% genetic distance. The phylogeographic break between these lineages seems to be associated with the Paraíba do Sul River and coincides with the transition between the north and south Atlantic Forest biogeographic zones. Published divergence estimates from whole mitochondrial genomes and nuclear loci date the split between northern and southern muriquis to the Early Pleistocene (ca. 2.0 mya), and our new mtDNA dataset places the coalescence time for each of these two clades near the last interglacial (ca. 120-80 kya). Our results, together with both phenotypic and ecological differences, support recognizing northern and southern muriquis as sister species that should be managed as distinct evolutionarily significant units. Given that only a few thousand muriquis remain in nature, it is imperative that conservation strategies are tailored to protect both species from extinction.
Assuntos
Atelinae/genética , Variação Genética , Atelinae/classificação , Brasil , DNA Mitocondrial/análise , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Fezes/química , FilogeografiaRESUMO
The fallow deer (Dama dama) is a species of Cervidae commonly kept in captivity, either in commercial farms or in zoos. The reproductive seasonality of this species is well known in the northern hemisphere, where photoperiod is a decisive factor in androgenic activity and, consequently, in the development of secondary sexual characteristics among male adults. The maintenance of this species in tropical regions has been successful, but there are no studies that demonstrate the maintenance of reproductive seasonality under these climatic conditions, which was the objective of the present study. To do so, the present investigation involved 27 fallow deer (D. dama) specimens, of which 14 were adults and 13 prepubescent (<8 months) individuals, all assessed during and outside (December-February) the reproductive season (June-August). The serum concentrations of testosterone, testicular volume, and neck circumference were analyzed among all animals during both seasons. The reproductive season was marked by expressive hormonal concentrations, increasing neck circumference and testicular volume, differing significantly between adults and prepubescent individuals outside the season. Positive correlations were observed among all analyzed variables: mean testicular volume and neck circumference (r = 0.92, p < 0.0001), testicular volume and testosterone concentrations (r = 0.79, p < 0.0001) and between neck circumference and testosterone concentrations (r = 0.67, p < 0.0001). Given the results found, the conclusion is that even under tropical climate conditions the reproductive seasonality of the fallow deer is well defined and may be related to photoperiod.
Assuntos
Cervos/fisiologia , Pescoço/fisiologia , Testículo/fisiologia , Testosterona/sangue , Animais , Animais de Zoológico , Masculino , Estações do Ano , Maturidade Sexual , Clima TropicalRESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine some radiographic reference values for hip joint, femur and patella in maned wolves. Ten maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus), five live (G1) and five cadavers (G2), were used. There were no statistically significant differences in the radiological measurements between right and left pelvic limbs of the G1 and G2, except for mechanical lateral proximal femoral angle (mLPFA) in both Groups. The comparison of the measurements between Groups showed difference only for mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA). Norberg angle values were 113.1° and 112.9° for G1 and G2. The values of femoral angle of inclination by Hauptman A and Hauptman B methods were 139.7° and 128.6° for G1, and 139.3° and 128.7° for G2. Femoral varus angle values were 5.5° for G1 and 3.9° for G2. The values of anatomic lateral distal femoral angle and anatomic lateral proximal femoral angle were 96.8° and 95.2° for G1, and 95.0° and 95.6° for G2. The values of mLDFA for G1 and G2 were 96.5° and 95.7°. The values of mLPFA were 95.8 (right) and 93.5 (left) for G1, and 95.7 (right) and 93.8 (left) for G2. The values of patellar ligament length, patellar length and L:P ratio were 4.6, 2.4 cm and 1.9 for G1, and 4.4, 2.3 cm and 1.8 for G2. In conclusion, the radiographic reference values described for the hip joint, the femur and the patella, may be useful in the diagnosis of diseases and deformities in maned wolves.
Assuntos
Canidae/anatomia & histologia , Fêmur/anatomia & histologia , Articulação do Quadril/anatomia & histologia , Patela/anatomia & histologia , Radiografia/veterinária , Animais , Feminino , Membro Posterior/anatomia & histologia , Extremidade Inferior/anatomia & histologia , Masculino , Pelve/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
We report the pathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of fatal acute systemic toxoplasmosis in an adult, female, free-living southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides) from São Paulo state, Brazil. PCR-RFLP genotyping analysis identified the #21 genotype of Toxoplasma gondii. This represents the first report of acute toxoplasmosis involving this genotype in humans and animals.
Assuntos
Atelinae , Doenças dos Macacos/diagnóstico , Toxoplasma/fisiologia , Toxoplasmose Animal/diagnóstico , Animais , Brasil , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Doenças dos Macacos/patologia , Toxoplasma/genética , Toxoplasmose Animal/patologiaRESUMO
The presence of free-ranging urban birds is a risk factor for transmitting pathogens to captive animals and humans alike, including Salmonella spp. and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Cloacal swabs from 156 synanthropic Great egrets (Ardea alba) and feral pigeons (Columba livia domestica) that inhabit the surroundings of an urban zoo were processed for the identification of Salmonella spp. and diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes. Bacterial species identification and genotypic characterization employed the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and PCR techniques, respectively, comparing their phylogenetic profiles through amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. A total of 11 birds were positive for Salmonella Typhimurium (7%) and 9 individuals (5.8%) for diarrheagenic E. coli (enteropathogenic E. coli/Shiga-toxin producing E. coli [EPEC/STEC]) strains. S. Typhimurium strains presented highly similar AFLP profiles (85-100%), whereas EPEC/STEC strains showed more polymorphism. The results show free-ranging birds as carriers for both microorganisms in a zoo environment in Brazil for the first time and suggest these species as possible sources of infection to other animals as well as exposing personnel and visitors to potential zoonotic microorganisms. The presence of carriers highlights the importance of a surveillance system and the need for preventive measures to avoid attracting growing number of synanthropic avian species.
Assuntos
Aves/microbiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Animais , Aves/classificação , Brasil , Cidades , Reservatórios de Doenças , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Humanos , Salmonelose Animal/epidemiologia , ZoonosesRESUMO
We report the pathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of fatal acute systemic toxoplasmosis in an adult, female, freeliving southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides) from São Paulo state, Brazil. PCRRFLP genotyping analysis identified the #21 genotype of Toxoplasma gondii. This represents the first report of acute toxoplasmosis involving this genotype in humans and animals.
Relatamos as características patológicas, imuno-histoquímicas e moleculares da toxoplasmose sistêmica aguda fatal em um muriqui do sul adulto (feminino) de vida livre (Brachyteles arachnoides) do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A análise de genotipagem por PCR RFLP identificou o genótipo # 21 de Toxoplasma gondii. Isso representa o primeiro relato de toxoplasmose aguda envolvendo esse genótipo em humanos e animais
Assuntos
Toxoplasma , Humanos , GenótipoRESUMO
The great cats of the genus Panthera comprise a recent radiation whose evolutionary history is poorly understood. Their rapid diversification poses challenges to resolving their phylogeny while offering opportunities to investigate the historical dynamics of adaptive divergence. We report the sequence, de novo assembly, and annotation of the jaguar (Panthera onca) genome, a novel genome sequence for the leopard (Panthera pardus), and comparative analyses encompassing all living Panthera species. Demographic reconstructions indicated that all of these species have experienced variable episodes of population decline during the Pleistocene, ultimately leading to small effective sizes in present-day genomes. We observed pervasive genealogical discordance across Panthera genomes, caused by both incomplete lineage sorting and complex patterns of historical interspecific hybridization. We identified multiple signatures of species-specific positive selection, affecting genes involved in craniofacial and limb development, protein metabolism, hypoxia, reproduction, pigmentation, and sensory perception. There was remarkable concordance in pathways enriched in genomic segments implicated in interspecies introgression and in positive selection, suggesting that these processes were connected. We tested this hypothesis by developing exome capture probes targeting ~19,000 Panthera genes and applying them to 30 wild-caught jaguars. We found at least two genes (DOCK3 and COL4A5, both related to optic nerve development) bearing significant signatures of interspecies introgression and within-species positive selection. These findings indicate that post-speciation admixture has contributed genetic material that facilitated the adaptive evolution of big cat lineages.
Assuntos
Evolução Molecular , Genoma , Genômica , Panthera/genética , Animais , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Variação Genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Genômica/métodos , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Seleção GenéticaRESUMO
This report describes an outbreak of suppurative peritonitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in an adult female of captive golden-handed tamarin (Saguinus midas midas). Two virulent and multidrug-resistant strains were isolated and classified through MLST as ST60 and ST1263. The microbiological diagnosis works as a support tool for preventive measures.
Assuntos
Infecções por Klebsiella/veterinária , Klebsiella pneumoniae/patogenicidade , Doenças dos Macacos/microbiologia , Peritonite/veterinária , Saguinus , Animais , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Feminino , Genes Essenciais , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/patologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Doenças dos Macacos/patologia , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus/veterinária , Peritonite/microbiologia , Peritonite/patologia , Virulência/genética , Resistência beta-LactâmicaRESUMO
Canine rangeliosis, caused by the piroplasmid protozoon Rangelia vitalii, is currently recognized as a reemerging disease that affects domestic dogs in Brazil. In the present study, piroplasmid infection was searched in wild canids (20 Cerdocyon thous and 4 Lycalopex gymnocercus) in Brazil. Molecular analysis, based on PCR and DNA sequencing of a portion of the 18S rRNA gene, revealed that 30% (6/20) C. thous were infected by R. vitalii. Blood and bone marrow samples from one of the R. vitalii-infected C. thous were inoculated into a domestic dog, which developed clinical rangeliosis that was confirmed by molecular tests. However, the C. thous donor showed no clinical, hematological or biochemical alterations, even though its R. vitalii infection status was confirmed for at least 80 days. These observations suggest that R. vitalii is not as highly pathogenic for C. thous as it is for domestic dogs. Phylogenetic analysis inferred by the 18S rRNA gene placed R. vitalii embedded in the clade 'Babesia sensu stricto', consisting of a number of species that represent truly the genus Babesia. It is proposed that the species R. vitalii should be transferred to the genus Babesia. The present study expands our knowledge on the natural history of R. vitalii, suggesting that it might have a natural cycle involving the wild canid C. thous. Further studies are needed to confirm that C. thous is a natural reservoir of R. vitalii in Brazil.
Assuntos
Canidae/parasitologia , Piroplasmida/fisiologia , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/parasitologia , Animais , Babesia/classificação , Babesia/genética , Brasil , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Cães , Feminino , Filogenia , Piroplasmida/classificação , Piroplasmida/genética , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/patologia , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genéticaRESUMO
The hyacinth macaw (Anodorhyncus hyacinthinus), considered the largest psittacine bird species in the world, is an endangered species, with a remaining population of approximately 6500 birds in the wild. To establish hematologic and plasma biochemical reference ranges and to verify differences related to sex, samples from 29 hyacinth macaws (14 males, 15 females) were obtained from birds apprehended from illegal wildlife trade and subsequently housed at the Sorocaba Zoo, Brazil. No significant differences in hematologic or plasma biochemical values were found between females and males. Compared with published reference values, differences were found in mean concentrations of total red blood cell count, corpuscular volume, corpuscular hemoglobin level, total white blood cell count, aspartate aminotransferase level, creatine kinase concentration, alkaline phosphatase concentration, and phosphorus level. Baseline hematologic and plasma biochemical ranges were established, which may be useful as reference values for clinicians working with this endangered species in captivity or rehabilitation centers.