RESUMO
Subsistence hunting is the main source of protein for forest reserve dwellers, contributing to the development of spurious infections by Calodium hepaticum, frequently associated with the consumption of the liver from wild mammals. The prevalence of infections by soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and intestinal protozoa is considered an indicator of the social vulnerability of a country, besides providing information on habits, customs and quality of life of a given population. Intestinal parasites mostly affect poor rural communities with limited access to clean water and adequate sanitation. This study reports the results of a parasitological survey carried out in 2017 and 2019, in two municipalities (Xapuri and Sena Madureira) in Acre State. Stool samples were collected from 276 inhabitants. Upon receipt, each sample was divided into two aliquots. Fresh samples without preservative were processed and examined by the Kato-Katz technique. Samples fixed in 10% formalin were processed by the spontaneous sedimentation and the centrifugal sedimentation techniques. Calodium hepaticum eggs were found in three stool samples. The overall STH prevalence was 44.9%. The hookworm prevalence (19.2%) was higher than that of Ascaris lumbricoides (2.5%) and Trichuris trichiura (0.7%), an unexpected finding for municipalities belonging to the Western Brazilian Amazon. When considering parasites transmitted via the fecal-oral route, Endolimax nana and Entamoeba coli showed the highest positivity rates, of 13% and 10.9%, respectively. This study is the first report of spurious infection by C. hepaticum among forest reserve dwellers that consume undercooked liver of lowland pacas. Additionally, this is the first report of Blastocystis sp. in Acre State.
Assuntos
Helmintíase , Enteropatias Parasitárias , Parasitos , Ancylostomatoidea , Animais , Fezes , Florestas , Helmintíase/diagnóstico , Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Qualidade de Vida , SoloRESUMO
ABSTRACT Subsistence hunting is the main source of protein for forest reserve dwellers, contributing to the development of spurious infections by Calodium hepaticum, frequently associated with the consumption of the liver from wild mammals. The prevalence of infections by soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and intestinal protozoa is considered an indicator of the social vulnerability of a country, besides providing information on habits, customs and quality of life of a given population. Intestinal parasites mostly affect poor rural communities with limited access to clean water and adequate sanitation. This study reports the results of a parasitological survey carried out in 2017 and 2019, in two municipalities (Xapuri and Sena Madureira) in Acre State. Stool samples were collected from 276 inhabitants. Upon receipt, each sample was divided into two aliquots. Fresh samples without preservative were processed and examined by the Kato-Katz technique. Samples fixed in 10% formalin were processed by the spontaneous sedimentation and the centrifugal sedimentation techniques. Calodium hepaticum eggs were found in three stool samples. The overall STH prevalence was 44.9%. The hookworm prevalence (19.2%) was higher than that of Ascaris lumbricoides (2.5%) and Trichuris trichiura (0.7%), an unexpected finding for municipalities belonging to the Western Brazilian Amazon. When considering parasites transmitted via the fecal-oral route, Endolimax nana and Entamoeba coli showed the highest positivity rates, of 13% and 10.9%, respectively. This study is the first report of spurious infection by C. hepaticum among forest reserve dwellers that consume undercooked liver of lowland pacas. Additionally, this is the first report of Blastocystis sp. in Acre State.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to establish the current panorama of the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery in Brazil. METHODS: A survey that consisted of a 24-item questionnaire including surgeon's demographics, preferred technique, graft selection, graft positioning, use of braces, drains, antibiotic prophylaxis and most common complications was conducted at the last three editions of a national knee surgery event. RESULTS: Six hundred eight questionnaires were analyzed. Brazilian knee surgeons are mostly male, with mean age of 42 years (26-68) and are affiliated to at least one orthopedic society. Thirty-six percent (36%) perform more than 50 reconstructions per year. The preferred graft is the hamstring tendons graft (64%). The frequency of use of anatomical technique increased approximately from 55% from 2011 to 2013, to 85.5% in 2015 (p<0.001). From 2011 to 2015, there was a progressive reduction from 56.8% to 18.1% in the frequency of use of transtibial femoral tunnel drilling (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our findings show that Brazilian knee surgeons' preferences are evolving according to the current world practice. Level of Evidence V, Economic and Decision analysis study.
OBJETIVO: O presente estudo tem como objetivo estabelecer o panorama atual da cirurgia de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Nas últimas três edições de um evento nacional de cirurgia do joelho, realizou-se uma pesquisa que consistiu em um questionário de 24 itens incluindo dados demográficos do cirurgião, técnica preferida, seleção do enxerto, posicionamento do enxerto, uso de órteses, drenos, profilaxia antibiótica e complicações mais comuns. RESULTADOS: Seiscentos e oito questionários foram analisados. O cirurgião brasileiro de joelho é majoritariamente do sexo masculino, tem idade média de 42 anos (26-68) e é afiliado a pelo menos uma sociedade ortopédica. Trinta e seis por cento (36%) realizam mais de 50 reconstruções por ano. O enxerto preferido é o enxerto de tendões isquiotibiais (64%). A frequência de uso da técnica anatômica aumentou de 55% nos anos de 2011 e 2013 para 85,5% em 2015 (p<0,001). Após 2011, também foi observada redução progressiva de 56,8% para 18,1% até 2015 na frequência de uso da técnica de perfuração do túnel femoral transtibial (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Nossos achados mostram que os cirurgiões brasileiros de joelho estão evoluindo de acordo com a prática mundial atual. Nível de evidência V, Análise econômica e de decisão.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to establish the current panorama of the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery in Brazil. Methods: A survey that consisted of a 24-item questionnaire including surgeon's demographics, preferred technique, graft selection, graft positioning, use of braces, drains, antibiotic prophylaxis and most common complications was conducted at the last three editions of a national knee surgery event. Results: Six hundred eight questionnaires were analyzed. Brazilian knee surgeons are mostly male, with mean age of 42 years (26-68) and are affiliated to at least one orthopedic society. Thirty-six percent (36%) perform more than 50 reconstructions per year. The preferred graft is the hamstring tendons graft (64%). The frequency of use of anatomical technique increased approximately from 55% from 2011 to 2013, to 85.5% in 2015 (p<0.001). From 2011 to 2015, there was a progressive reduction from 56.8% to 18.1% in the frequency of use of transtibial femoral tunnel drilling (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings show that Brazilian knee surgeons' preferences are evolving according to the current world practice. Level of Evidence V, Economic and Decision analysis study.
RESUMO Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo estabelecer o panorama atual da cirurgia de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior no Brasil. Métodos: Nas últimas três edições de um evento nacional de cirurgia do joelho, realizou-se uma pesquisa que consistiu em um questionário de 24 itens incluindo dados demográficos do cirurgião, técnica preferida, seleção do enxerto, posicionamento do enxerto, uso de órteses, drenos, profilaxia antibiótica e complicações mais comuns. Resultados: Seiscentos e oito questionários foram analisados. O cirurgião brasileiro de joelho é majoritariamente do sexo masculino, tem idade média de 42 anos (26-68) e é afiliado a pelo menos uma sociedade ortopédica. Trinta e seis por cento (36%) realizam mais de 50 reconstruções por ano. O enxerto preferido é o enxerto de tendões isquiotibiais (64%). A frequência de uso da técnica anatômica aumentou de 55% nos anos de 2011 e 2013 para 85,5% em 2015 (p<0,001). Após 2011, também foi observada redução progressiva de 56,8% para 18,1% até 2015 na frequência de uso da técnica de perfuração do túnel femoral transtibial (p<0,001). Conclusão: Nossos achados mostram que os cirurgiões brasileiros de joelho estão evoluindo de acordo com a prática mundial atual. Nível de evidência V, Análise econômica e de decisão.
RESUMO
Although sheep farming has grown in the state of Acre over the past four decades, little is known about occurrences of helminthiases in the herds of this region. The objective of the study was to assess the occurrences of non-intestinal helminthiasis among sheep slaughtered in Rio Branco. A total of 110 sheep livers were inspected from two slaughter batches (july 2014 and march 2015) in a slaughterhouse in Rio Branco. Livers with macroscopic lesions were photographed and were then subjected to histopathological analysis under an optical microscope. The macroscopic lesions showed small nodes with inflammatory characteristics and areas of fibrosis, which appeared to be calcified, thus suggesting a granulomatous reaction. Of the 110 evaluated livers, we noticed 110 nodules in total; these nodules have an average size of 0.5 cm. The histopathological analysis showed alterations to the architecture of the hepatic lobe, with multiple foci of necrosis and polymorphonuclear cells. Two samples revealed the presence of helminths from Nematode class and Capillaria sp. eggs identified by the typical morphology and morphometry. This seems to be the first report of Capillaria sp. in sheep livers in Brazil, and it serves as an important alert regarding animal health surveillance and control and regarding the Capillaria sp. zoonotic role in humans.
Assuntos
Capillaria/isolamento & purificação , Ovinos/parasitologia , Matadouros , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Fígado/parasitologia , MasculinoRESUMO
Although sheep farming has grown in the state of Acre over the past four decades, little is known about occurrences of helminthiases in the herds of this region. The objective of the study was to assess the occurrences of non-intestinal helminthiasis among sheep slaughtered in Rio Branco. A total of 110 sheep livers were inspected from two slaughter batches (july 2014 and march 2015) in a slaughterhouse in Rio Branco. Livers with macroscopic lesions were photographed and were then subjected to histopathological analysis under an optical microscope. The macroscopic lesions showed small nodes with inflammatory characteristics and areas of fibrosis, which appeared to be calcified, thus suggesting a granulomatous reaction. Of the 110 evaluated livers, we noticed 110 nodules in total; these nodules have an average size of 0.5 cm. The histopathological analysis showed alterations to the architecture of the hepatic lobe, with multiple foci of necrosis and polymorphonuclear cells. Two samples revealed the presence of helminths from Nematode class and Capillaria sp. eggs identified by the typical morphology and morphometry. This seems to be the first report of Capillaria sp. in sheep livers in Brazil, and it serves as an important alert regarding animal health surveillance and control and regarding the Capillaria sp. zoonotic role in humans.(AU)
Embora a ovinocultura tenha despertado o interesse de criadouros no estado do Acre nas últimas quatro décadas, pouco se conhece sobre a ocorrência de helmintoses no plantel de ovinos dessa região. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a possibilidade de ocorrência de helmintíases não intestinais entre ovinos abatidos no município de Rio Branco. Foram inspecionados 110 fígados de ovinos em dois abates (julho de 2014 e março de 2015) em um abatedouro no município de Rio Branco. Fígados com lesões macroscópicas foram fotografados com posterior análise histopatológica por microscopia de luz. Nas lesões macroscópicas foram encontrados pequenos nódulos apresentando características inflamatórias com áreas de fibrose, aparentemente calcificadas, sugerindo uma reação granulomatosa. Dos 110 fígados avaliados, observou-se 110 nódulos no total; estes nódulos têm um tamanho médio de 0,5 cm. A análise histopatológica mostrou alterações na arquitetura do lóbulo hepático, com múltiplos focos de necrose, além da formação de abscessos hepáticos constituídos por polimorfonucleares. Duas amostras revelaram a presença de helmintos da Classe Nematoda e ovos de Capillaria sp. identificados pela morfologia típica e morfometria. Esse resultado parece ser o primeiro registro de Capillaria sp. em fígado de ovino no Brasil, o que é um importante alerta para a vigilância no controle sanitário animal e o seu papel zoonótico para humanos.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Capillaria , Infecções por Enoplida/veterinária , Ovinos/parasitologia , Fígado/parasitologia , Matadouros , BrasilRESUMO
Abstract Although sheep farming has grown in the state of Acre over the past four decades, little is known about occurrences of helminthiases in the herds of this region. The objective of the study was to assess the occurrences of non-intestinal helminthiasis among sheep slaughtered in Rio Branco. A total of 110 sheep livers were inspected from two slaughter batches (july 2014 and march 2015) in a slaughterhouse in Rio Branco. Livers with macroscopic lesions were photographed and were then subjected to histopathological analysis under an optical microscope. The macroscopic lesions showed small nodes with inflammatory characteristics and areas of fibrosis, which appeared to be calcified, thus suggesting a granulomatous reaction. Of the 110 evaluated livers, we noticed 110 nodules in total; these nodules have an average size of 0.5 cm. The histopathological analysis showed alterations to the architecture of the hepatic lobe, with multiple foci of necrosis and polymorphonuclear cells. Two samples revealed the presence of helminths from Nematode class and Capillaria sp. eggs identified by the typical morphology and morphometry. This seems to be the first report of Capillaria sp. in sheep livers in Brazil, and it serves as an important alert regarding animal health surveillance and control and regarding the Capillaria sp. zoonotic role in humans.
Resumo Embora a ovinocultura tenha despertado o interesse de criadouros no estado do Acre nas últimas quatro décadas, pouco se conhece sobre a ocorrência de helmintoses no plantel de ovinos dessa região. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a possibilidade de ocorrência de helmintíases não intestinais entre ovinos abatidos no município de Rio Branco. Foram inspecionados 110 fígados de ovinos em dois abates (julho de 2014 e março de 2015) em um abatedouro no município de Rio Branco. Fígados com lesões macroscópicas foram fotografados com posterior análise histopatológica por microscopia de luz. Nas lesões macroscópicas foram encontrados pequenos nódulos apresentando características inflamatórias com áreas de fibrose, aparentemente calcificadas, sugerindo uma reação granulomatosa. Dos 110 fígados avaliados, observou-se 110 nódulos no total; estes nódulos têm um tamanho médio de 0,5 cm. A análise histopatológica mostrou alterações na arquitetura do lóbulo hepático, com múltiplos focos de necrose, além da formação de abscessos hepáticos constituídos por polimorfonucleares. Duas amostras revelaram a presença de helmintos da Classe Nematoda e ovos de Capillaria sp. identificados pela morfologia típica e morfometria. Esse resultado parece ser o primeiro registro de Capillaria sp. em fígado de ovino no Brasil, o que é um importante alerta para a vigilância no controle sanitário animal e o seu papel zoonótico para humanos.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Ovinos/parasitologia , Matadouros , Brasil , Capillaria/isolamento & purificação , Fígado/parasitologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To observe the distribution of patients who presented with low back pain (LBP) and to determine the between therapists' interrater reliability of assessments in a private outpatient setting using treatment-based classification (TBC) subgroups. METHODS: An observational and methodological study was conducted. Four hundred and twenty-nine patients (231 male; 198 female) presenting LBP symptoms and referred to conservative treatment were assessed by 13 physical therapists who conducted a 60-min examination process utilizing TBC subgroups. Interrater reliability analyses from six raters were assessed using Fleiss' kappa and previously recorded data (n = 30). RESULTS: In this study, 65.74% of patients were classified in only one subgroup, the most prevalent being stabilization (21.91%), followed by extension (15.38%), traction (11.89%), flexion (10.96%), manipulation (5.13%), and lateral shift (0.47%). Approximately 20.98% of patients were classified in two subgroups, where the most frequent overlaps were flexion + stabilization (7.46%), extension + stabilization (6.06%), flexion + traction (4.20%), extension + manipulation (1.86%), and 13.29% of patients were not classified in any TBC subgroup. Analysis of interrater reliability showed a kappa value of 0.62 and an overall agreement of 66% between raters. DISCUSSION: LBP is a heterogeneous clinical condition and several classification methods are proposed in the attempt to observe better outcomes for patients. Eighty-five percent of patients assessed were able to be classified when using the TBC assessment and reliability analysis showed a substantial agreement between raters. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2c.
RESUMO
AIM: To systematically review the incidence of ipsilateral graft re-rupture and contralateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture following its reconstruction, with special attention to the femoral drilling technique. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis of high-level prospective studies searched in MEDLINE database following PRISMA statement. The rate of ipsilateral graft re-rupture and contralateral rupture in patients submitted to either transtibial (TT) technique (isometric) or anteromedial (AM) technique (anatomic) was compared. RESULTS: Eleven studies met the criteria and were included in final analysis. Reconstructions using the AM technique had a similar chance of contralateral ACL rupture when compared to the chance of ipsilateral graft failure (OR = 1.08, P = 0.746). In reconstructions using TT technique, the chance of contralateral ACL rupture was approximately 1.5 times higher than ipsilateral graft failure (OR = 1.49, P = 0.048). Incidence of contralateral lesions were similar among the techniques TT (7.4%) and AM (7.0%) (P = 0.963), but a trend could be noticed with a lower incidence of lesion in the ipsilateral limb when using the TT technique (4.9%) compared to the AM technique (6.5%) (P = 0.081). CONCLUSION: ACL reconstruction by TT technique leads to lower incidence of graft re-injury than contralateral ACL lesion. There is no difference between the chance of re-injury after AM technique and the chance of contralateral ACL lesion (native ligament) with either technique.
RESUMO
A agricultura paulista apresentou uma significativa expansão durante o final do século XVIII e início do XIX. Representativa de uma região de grandes propriedades escravistas, Campinas foi a localidade estudada devido à grande riqueza documental, de tal forma que este artigo foi pautado, principalmente, pelo Mapa Geral de Habitantes existente para o período de 1798 a 1822, acrescentando-se informações provenientes das Listas Nominativas de habitantes e dos Registros Paroquiais. Os resultados do estudo mostraram um crescimento demográfico de grande intensidade, sobretudo da população cativa.
The development of agriculture in São Paulo, Brazil, presented a significant expansion during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, which is the focus of this paper. The purpose is to understand the dynamics and movements of these populations of a region of plantations (slaveholding properties). The sources for this discussion are derived from the General Map of Inhabitants existing for the period 1798-1822 in Campinas, with added data from the Nominative Lists of inhabitants and Parish Registers. Despite evident data limitation, there was a strong demographic increase, especially in captive population.
La agricultura paulista tuvo una expansión significativa durante los últimos años del siglo XVIII y los comienzos del XIX. En tanto región de grandes propiedades esclavistas, Campinas se estudia por su gran riqueza documental, de modo que este artículo fue pautado principalmente por el Mapa General de Habitantes del período 1798-1822, ampliado con información proveniente de las listas nominativas de habitantes y de los registros parroquiales. Finalmente, se verificó un crecimiento demográfico de gran intensidad, sobre todo en lo que refiere a la población esclava.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , Casamento/história , Coeficiente de Natalidade , Mortalidade/história , Crescimento Demográfico , Colonialismo/história , Escravização/história , Brasil , Registros , Distribuição por Sexo , Indicadores Demográficos , Taxa de FecundidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato) (s.l.) and Echinococcus vogeli are causative agents of chronic zoonotic diseases such as cystic and polycystic echinococcosis, respectively. In Brazil, polycystic echinococcosis has a restricted geographical distribution in the North Region, while cystic echinococcosis is observed in the South Region. Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) fed with raw viscera represent a risk factor for E. granulosus (s.l.) infection in the South Region. Although this practice is frequent, it remains unclear whether domestic dogs are infected with E. vogeli in the state of Acre, located in the Amazon basin in the North Region of Brazil. The aim of this study was to investigate this gap in the polycystic echinococcosis epidemiology. METHODS: Sixty-five fecal samples were collected from the ground in five municipalities (Sena Madureira, n = 14; Rio Branco, n = 06; Bujari, n = 06; Xapuri, n = 30; and Epitaciolândia, n = 09) located in the state of Acre, northern Brazil. The samples were screened for parasites by copro-PCR using the cox1 gene associated with automated sequencing. RESULTS: Echinococcus vogeli was molecularly confirmed in a sample from Sena Madureira and E. granulosus (sensu stricto) (s.s.) (G1) in a sample from Rio Branco. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that molecular assays are useful in typing Echinococcus taxa from fecal samples of dogs in northern Brazil. The present study is the first molecular record of E. vogeli in domestic dogs found in the state of Acre, reinforcing their role as a source of infection for humans. Because E. granulosus (s.s.) (G1) was detected for the first time in the North Region, from the epidemiological standpoint this finding is highly relevant, because it expands the known geographical distribution, which was previously restricted to the South Region of Brazil.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Equinococose/veterinária , Echinococcus/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Equinococose/epidemiologia , Equinococose/parasitologia , Echinococcus/genética , Filogenia , ZoonosesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a common sports injury and is known to be associated with an increased risk of knee osteoarthritis. Several studies have indicated that the risk of additional injuries to the menisci and articular cartilage increases with delays in the treatment of ACL tears. However, no consensus has been reached regarding the ideal timing for ACL reconstruction in terms of preventing secondary lesions. PURPOSE: To determine how the time elapsed between an ACL lesion and its reconstruction affects the incidence of meniscal and chondral lesions. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Medical records of 764 patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction were reviewed. Data from arthroscopic findings that included information about meniscal lesions and full-thickness articular cartilage lesions at the time of surgery were collected. The association between time elapsed between ACL lesion and reconstruction surgery and incidence of articular cartilage and meniscal lesions was analyzed by chi-square or Fisher exact test. The risk of secondary lesion was calculated by odds ratios (ORs) obtained from simple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A positive correlation was observed between time after injury and the presence of any articular lesions (P = .003), cartilage lesions (P = .01), and medial meniscus lesions (P < .001). When analyzing the risk of secondary lesion relative to the reference period (<2 months), it was observed that the odds of finding any articular injury at the time of ACL reconstruction increased when the time from ACL injury to surgery was between 12 and 24 months (OR = 2.62) and >24 months (OR = 5.88). Furthermore, the odds of lesions on the medial meniscus increased when the timing between injury and surgery was 6 to 12 months (OR = 2.71) and continued to increase when the timing was 12 to 24 months (OR = 3.78) and >24 months (OR = 9.07). CONCLUSION: Associated articular lesions are more common if ACL reconstruction is delayed by ≥6 months (medial meniscus lesion) and ≥1 year (chondral or any meniscal lesion).