RESUMO
Flies of the family Calliphoridae play a variety of ecological roles. They carry various pathogens and cause myiasis in humans and livestock, but they are useful to forensic entomology and in larval therapy. Mesembrinellidae flies, formerly classified in the family Calliphoridae, are good bioindicators of human interference in natural environments. In this study, we carried out an inventory of the Calliphoridae and Mesembrinellidae at four collecting sites within the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Eight traps were set, four in the arboretum (sites A and B), where the public is allowed to visit, and four at an Atlantic Forest fragment (sites C and D), open only to researchers. From July 2014 to June 2015, a total of 35,890 calliphorid flies were captured in 10 species and 145 Mesembrinellidea in 3. The greatest number of flies was found at site A and diversity was higher at site C. Chrysomya megacephala (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) was the most prevalent species, being present at all sites. Mesembrinella bellardiana (Aldrich) (Diptera: Mesembrinellidae), Laneella nigripes (Guimarães) (Diptera: Mesembrinellidae), and Huascaromusca purpurata (Aldrich) (Diptera: Mesembrinellidae) were present at sites C and D, which indicates a preservation of the area because they are asynanthropic species. There were significant differences between sites A and D and sites B and D.