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In veterinary practice, the risk of zoonotic infections starts in College, when students are exposed to animals, and laboratory assignments. The objective of this study was to estimate awareness of zoonoses in a cohort of freshmen at the Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe (Argentina). A cross sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire in all students attending an introductory course (N= 179) on April, 2012. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and 2. Zoonoses most frequently mentioned by students were rabies, scabies, tuberculosis and leptospirosis. Rural residence was associated with the recognition of ringworm (P= 0.0136), tuberculosis (P= 0.0302), leptospirosis (P= 0.0205) and hydatidosis (P= 0.0167) as zoonoses. Males showed higher awareness of trichinosis (P= 0.0025), tuberculosis (P= 0.0286), anthrax (P= 0.0035), and brucellosis (P= 0.0038) than females. Awareness of susceptible species and means of transmission varied among all zoonoses. These results reinforce the need for early exposure of veterinary students to occupational health and biosafety practices.(AU)

No exercício da medicina veterinária, o risco de contrair zoonoses está presente desde o período estudantil, proporcionado pelaexposição a animais e também a atividades laboratoriais. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar o conhecimento sobre zoonosesem um grupo de estudantes recém-matriculados no curso de medicina veterinária da Universidade Nacional do Litoral, SantaFe (Argentina). Realizou-se um estudo transversal utilizando-se um questionário pré-elaborado para todos os alunos recémmatriculados(N=179). A análise dos dados incluiu estatísticas descritivas e teste Qui-quadrado (X2). As zoonoses mais citadas pelosalunos foram raiva, sarna, tuberculose e leptospirose. A variável “residir em áreas rurais” esteve associada ao reconhecimento dedermatofitoses (P=0,0136), tuberculose (P=0,03020), leptospirose (P=0,0205) e hidatidose (P=0,0167), como zoonoses. Da mesmaforma, a variável “sexo masculino” esteve associada à identificação de triquinelose (P=0,0025), tuberculose (P=0,0286), carbúnculohemático (P=0,0035) e brucelose (P=0,0038). O conhecimento sobre as formas de transmissão e as espécies acometidas varioude acordo com cada zoonose em particular. Esses resultados reforçam a necessidade de um contato mais precoce de estudantesde medicina veterinária com temas relacionados com a saúde ocupacional e práticas de biossegurança.(AU)

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OBJETIVO: Evaluar la aglutinación macroscópica con antígeno termorresistente (TR) como tamiz diagnóstico de leptospirosis humana en diferentes etapas de la enfermedad. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS:La definición de casos se basó en la microaglutinación (MAT), recuento de leucocitos y neutrofilia. Se incluyeron 218 casos confirmados y 242 no casos. Cada muestra del banco de sueros del laboratorio del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias de Santa Fe, Argentina, de 2008 a 2010, se clasificó según días de evolución en tres etapas: primera (<10 días), segunda (10- 25 días) y tercera (>25 días). RESULTADOS: La sensibilidad hallada fue: 71.1, 93.4 y 95.6% para etapas 1, 2 y 3 respectivamente. La especificidad varió de 79.0 a 69.2%. La variabilidad intra e interoperador fue moderada. CONCLUSIÓN: La variabilidad del TR, su baja sensibilidad en la primera etapa y baja especificidad en todas las etapas de la enfermedad sugieren que sería indispensable la incorporación de nuevos métodos diagnósticos de tamiz para la detección precoz de casos en nuestro país, y países donde aún se apliquen este tipo de métodos.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the macroscopic agglutination test using Temperature Resistant (TR) antigen as a screening test for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis in different stages of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The criteria for case definition were based on the results of the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), leukocyte counts and neutrophilia, resulting 218 confirmed cases and 242 non- cases. Each sample was classified according to the days of the disease progression in three stages: first (<10 days), second (10 - 25 days) and third (> 25 days). The design was cross-sectional observational. RESULTS: TR sensitivity was 71,1% on stage 1. 93.4% on stage 2 and 95.6% on stage 3. The specificity at different stages ranged from 79.0 to 69.2%. Intra and inter-operator variability was moderate. CONCLUSION: TR variability, low sensitivity in the first stage and low specificity found in all stages of the disease, suggest that it is essential to incorporate new diagnostic methods to screen for early detection of cases in our country and in countries that still apply such methods.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the macroscopic agglutination test using Temperature Resistant (TR) antigen as a screening test for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis in different stages of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The criteria for case definition were based on the results of the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), leukocyte counts and neutrophilia, resulting 218 confirmed cases and 242 non- cases. Each sample was classified according to the days of the disease progression in three stages: first (<10 days), second (10 - 25 days) and third (> 25 days). The design was cross-sectional observational. RESULTS: TR sensitivity was 71,1% on stage 1. 93.4% on stage 2 and 95.6% on stage 3. The specificity at different stages ranged from 79.0 to 69.2%. Intra and inter-operator variability was moderate. CONCLUSION: TR variability, low sensitivity in the first stage and low specificity found in all stages of the disease, suggest that it is essential to incorporate new diagnostic methods to screen for early detection of cases in our country and in countries that still apply such methods.

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Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) are one of the most important emerging foodborne pathogens and the principal cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). This entity has been recognized worldwide as a priority issue in the field of zoonoses and public health, and Argentina is the country with the highest incidence of HUS in children less than 5 years of age.The lack of specific treatment, combined with the high morbidity rate of VTEC infection, makes prevention the main tool for reducing the incidence of HUS. The current work aimed at assessing the factors associated with sporadic VTEC infection in children with acute diarrhea from the Central Eastern area of Argentina where the incidence rate of HUS in children under 5 is the highest worldwide. A univariate analysis was performed to identify potential factors associated with VTEC infection by calculating odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Then, a multivariate logistic regression model was performed. Interaction and association between significant factors were checked. "Recent consumption of food prepared outside home" (OR: 2.4, 95% CI 1.05-5.7) and "recent vegetables consumption" (OR=0.4; 0.2-0.8) were identified as independent factors associated with VTEC infection. We believe that the data obtained from this study further the current knowledge about the epidemiology of VTEC infection in Argentina and could be considered when planning strategies for the prevention of the disease.

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