RESUMO

High altitude (HA) exposure may affect human health and performance by involving the body timing system. Daily variations of melatonin may disrupt by HA exposure, thereby possibly affecting its relations with a metabolic parameter like the respiratory quotient (RQ). Sea level (SL) volunteers (7 women and 7 men, 21.0 ± 2.04 y) were examined for daily changes in salivary melatonin concentration (SMC). Sampling was successively done at SL (Antofagasta, Chile) and, on acute HA exposure, at nearby Caspana (3,270 m asl). Saliva was collected in special vials (Salimetrics Oral Swab, United Kingdom) at sunny noon (SMCD) and in the absence of blue light at midnight (SMCN). The samples were obtained after rinsing the mouth with tap water and were analyzed for SMC by immunoassay (ELISA kit; IBL International, Germany). RQ measurements (n = 12) were realized with a portable breath to breath metabolic system (OxiconTM Mobile, Germany), between 8:00 PM and 10:00 PM, once at either location. At SL, SMCD, and SMCN values (mean ± SD) were, respectively, 2.14 ± 1.30 and 11.6 ± 13.9 pg/ml (p < 0.05). Corresponding values at HA were 8.83 ± 12.6 and 13.7 ± 16.7 pg/ml (n.s.). RQ was 0.78 ± 0.07 and 0.89 ± 0.08, respectively, at SL and HA (p < 0.05). Differences between SMCN and SMCD (SMCN-SMCD) strongly correlate with the corresponding RQ values at SL (r = -0.74) and less tight at HA (r = -0.37). Similarly, mean daily SMC values (SMC) tightly correlate with RQ at SL (r = -0.79) and weaker at HA (r = -0.31). SMCN-SMCD, as well as, SMC values at SL, on the other hand, respectively, correlate with the corresponding values at HA (r = 0.71 and r = 0.85). Acute exposure to HA appears to loosen relations of SMC with RQ. A personal profile in daily SMC variation, on the other hand, tends to be conserved at HA.

RESUMO

Objetivo: Conocer el impacto de la inclu-sión de médicos en la atención pre hospitalaria en el cuarto de shock del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso (HVCM).Materiales y método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, la muestra fue de 288 pacien-tes atendidos en el cuarto de shock del HVCM durante seis meses en el 2011 (atención por personal de la Cruz Roja, Bomberos, etc.) y seis meses del 2012 (atención por parte de médicos del ECU911). El criterio de inclusión fue todo paciente con patología quirúrgica. Se analizaron las variables utilizando las frecuencias, porcentajes y chi cuadrado. Se empleó el programa SPSS versión 18 y Epidat 3.1.Resultados: La mortalidad del centro de trauma fue de 17%; el 14,6% falleció dentro de las primeras 24 horas. El mecanismo de trauma más frecuente fue accidentes de tránsito con el 42%. Las causas de atención fueron: TEC (trauma encéfalo craneal) con el 45,14%; trauma abdominal (8,33%); trauma de tórax (7,29%); otros con el 39,24% (politraumatizado, policontusión, abdomen agudo oclusivo, fracturas óseas, etc.). El 43,1% de los pacientes fueron atendidos en el año 2011 y el 56,9% en el 2012, observándose un incremento del 13,8% en relación al año 2012, tiempo en el que se implanto la atención pre hospitalaria medicalizada. La atención pre hospitalaria medicalizada no influyó de forma significativa en la mortalidad del centro de trauma con una p=0,5, aunque existió una disminución del 3%; no obstante, existe correlación con disminución en el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria en el cuarto de shock y su tratamiento resolutivo que se llevó a cabo con una p< 0,05.Conclusión: Ha disminuido el tiempo de estancia de los pacientes en el cuarto de shock y su tratamiento resolutivo al implementarse la atención pre hospitalaria por parte de médicos; no obstante, no se observó una disminución significativa de la mortalidad del cuarto de shock aunque ha existido una disminución del 3%.

Objective: To determine the impact of the physicians inclusion in the pre hospital care in the shock room in the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital (VCMH).Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was made, the sample consisted of 288 pa-tients treated at the shock of VCMH room for six months in 2011 (emergency medi-cal services, Fire department, etc.) and six months of 2012 (attention from ECU911doc-tors). The inclusion criterion was any patient with surgical pathology. The variables were analyzed using frequencies, percentages and chi square. SPSS version 18 and Epidat 3.1were used.Results: The mortality of trauma center was 17%; 14.6% died within the first 24 hours. The most common mechanism of trauma was traffic accidents with 42%. The cau-ses of attention were: CBT (cranial brain trauma) with 45.14%; abdominal trauma (8.33%); chest trauma (7.29%); others with the 39.24% (polytrauma, polycontusion, occlusive acute abdomen, bone fractures, etc.).The 43.1% of patients were treated in 2011 and 56.9% in 2012, with an increase of 13.8% compared to 2012, in that time the pre hos-pital care was inserted. The pre hospital care did not influence signi-ficantly in the mortality trauma center with a p = 0.5, although there was a decrease of 3%; however, there is correlation with a decrease in the length of hospital stay in the shock room and its operative treatment which was conducted with p <0.05.Conclusion: Decreased length of stay of patients in the shock room and operative treatment when the pre hospital care was implemented by physicians; however, a significant decrease in the mortality of the shock room was observed although there has been a decrease of 3%.

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RESUMO

BACKGROUND: One of the strategies to control iron deficiency anemia is the fortification of food with iron. A mechanism for improving the bioavailability of iron is to add an iron absorption promoter. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the effect of ascorbyl palmitate (AP) on the bioavailability of iron in fortified bread made from refined wheat flour. DESIGN: The iron bioavailability of wheat flour fortified with either ferrous sulfate alone or ferrous sulfate plus AP was studied with the use of double radio iron (55Fe and 59Fe) erythrocyte incorporation in 14 women. RESULTS: Geometric mean (+/- range of 1 SD) iron absorption from the bread fortified with ferrous sulfate was 10.5% (4.1-27.0%). The addition of AP at molar ratios of AP to Fe of 2:1 and 4:1 significantly increased iron absorption [14.6% (5.9-36.1%) and 20.2% (10.6-38.6%), respectively; P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: AP is a strong promoter of iron absorption from fortified bread because of its thermoresistant properties.

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