RESUMO
The aim of this work was to develop a new production, recovery and formulation process of gibberellic acid (GA3). Low-cost byproducts - citrus pulp (CP) and soybean hulls (SH) - were employed as substrate for GA3 production by Gibberella fujikuroi in semisolid fermentation. A CP/SH mixture (70%/30%) promoted high productivities both in bubble column reactor (1.66 mg L/h), and in stirred tank reactor (2.13 mg L/h). GA3 production medium cost (US$ 6.70/m3) was reduced by 85% when compared to previously reported synthetic media (US$ 44.96/m3). It was described that GA3 fermented extract has low stability, and that liquid and powder formulation of the fermented extract maintained the biomolecule activity over 6 months. Alginate and alginate/kefiran beads containing GA3 showed encapsulation efficiency of 70% and 60%, respectively. This work supports good perspectives for GA3 production using cheap substrates and simple formulation of clarified extract to favour its use in agricultural countries.
Assuntos
Reatores Biológicos , Gibberella , Fermentação , GiberelinasRESUMO
This study reports the first phytochemical and biological characterization in treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma cells (H295R) of extracts from Nidularium procerum, an endemic bromeliad of Atlantic Forest vulnerable to extinction. Extracts of dry leaves obtained from in vitro-grown plants were recovered by different extraction methods, viz., hexanoic, ethanolic, and hot and cold aqueous. Chromatography-based metabolite profiling and chemical reaction methods revealed the presence of flavonoids, steroids, lipids, vitamins, among other antioxidant and antitumor biomolecules. Eicosanoic and tricosanoic acids, α-Tocopherol (vitamin E) and scutellarein were, for the first time, described in the Nidularium group. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts contained the highest phenolic content (107.3 mg of GAE.100 g-1) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, respectively. The immunomodulatory and antitumoral activities of aqueous extracts were assessed using specific tests of murine macrophages modulation (RAW 264.7) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against adrenocortical carcinoma cell line, respectively. The aqueous extract improved cell adhesion and phagocytic activities and phagolysossomal formation of murine macrophages. This constitutes new data on the Bromeliaceae family, which should be better exploited to the production of new phytomedicines for pharmacological uses.
Assuntos
Bromeliaceae/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Animais , Apigenina/metabolismo , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/metabolismo , Humanos , Camundongos , Picratos/química , Células RAW 264.7 , Vitamina E/metabolismoRESUMO
Raw domestic wastewater was used as a culture medium for cellulase production in a bubble column reactor (6.2 UFP/mL, 64.6 U/L h) using the strain Trichoderma harzianum TRIC03-LPBII. Cellulases presented optimum pH and temperature between 4 and 5 and 50 and 70 °C, respectively. Enzymatic extract was concentrated through ultrafiltration and then a cellulolytic formulation was prepared with the addition of sorbitol (50% w/v) and benzoic acid (0.05% w/v). High cellulase stability of around 100% was reached after 30 days at 4 °C. The concentrated extract was also dried in a spray-dryer with the addition of maltodextrin at 20% (w/v), resulting in powder enzymatic formulation with 85% stability after 60 days. With these characteristics, the liquid and powder cellulase products have potential to be used in different industrial applications.