RESUMO
Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca Gastropoda) shows a large native distribution range in South America, reaching as far south as 37º S (Buenos Aires, Argentina). This species was deliberately introduced into Southeast Asia around 1980 and subsequently underwent a rapid intentional or accidental dispersal into many countries in the region. It was also introduced into North and Central America and Hawaii. In this contribution we record the presence of P. canaliculata in Patagonia, assessing the possible influence of climatic change in the new establishment of this species there. Three samplings (between September 2004 and April 2005) were carried out at 38º 58' 20.2" S-68º 11' 27.3" W. In the sampling we found two adult specimens of P. canaliculata and numerous egg clutches. Pomacea canaliculata is naturally distributed in the Plata and Amazon Basins. The southern boundary of this species has been established as the isotherms of 14 ºC and 16 ºC in Buenos Aires province, and precipitations of 900 to 600 mm/year. This study also analysed variations in annual temperature and precipitation in Patagonia. Average temperatures show an increase over the years, although not constantly. Important modifications in precipitation regime in northern Patagonia, triggered by global climatic changes, could be beneficial for the settlement of populations of P. canaliculata in this new area, where precipitation increased enough to reach values similar to those in the southernmost area of distribution of this species.
Assuntos
Mudança Climática , Gastrópodes/classificação , Animais , Argentina , Dinâmica Populacional , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca Gastropoda) shows a large native distribution range in South America, reaching as far south as 37º S (Buenos Aires, Argentina). This species was deliberately introduced into Southeast Asia around 1980 and subsequently underwent a rapid intentional or accidental dispersal into many countries in the region. It was also introduced into North and Central America and Hawaii. In this contribution we record the presence of P. canaliculata in Patagonia, assessing the possible influence of climatic change in the new establishment of this species there. Three samplings (between September 2004 and April 2005) were carried out at 38º 58' 20.2" S-68º 11' 27.3" W. In the sampling we found two adult specimens of P. canaliculata and numerous egg clutches. Pomacea canaliculata is naturally distributed in the Plata and Amazon Basins. The southern boundary of this species has been established as the isotherms of 14 ºC and 16 ºC in Buenos Aires province, and precipitations of 900 to 600 mm/year. This study also analysed variations in annual temperature and precipitation in Patagonia. Average temperatures show an increase over the years, although not constantly. Important modifications in precipitation regime in northern Patagonia, triggered by global climatic changes, could be beneficial for the settlement of populations of P. canaliculata in this new area, where precipitation increased enough to reach values similar to those in the southernmost area of distribution of this species.
Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca Gastropoda) mostra um grande alcance de distribuição natural na América do Sul, chegando até os 37º S (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Esta espécie foi introduzida propositalmente no sudeste da Ásia, por volta de 1980 e, mais tarde, se submeteu a uma dispersão de forma rápida intencional ou acidental em muitos países da região. Também foi introduzido na América do Norte, América Central e Havaí. Nesta contribuição se confere a presença de P. canaliculata na Patagônia e se considera a influência das alterações climáticas no novo estabelecimento desta espécie no local referido. Três coletas (entre setembro de 2004 até abril de 2005) foram realizadas (38º 58' 20.2" S and 68º 11' 27.3" W). Nelas encontraram-se dois exemplares adultos de P. canaliculada e numerosas desovas. P. canaliculata distribui-se naturalmente nas regiões das Bacias do Prata e Amazonas. O limite sul desta espécie foi estabelecido nas isotermas de 14 ºC e 16 ºC na província de Buenos Aires, com precipitações de 900 a 600 mm. Também são analisadas as variações na temperatura anual e a precipitação na Patagônia. As médias de temperatura mostram um aumento no decorrer de dois anos. Modificações importantes no regime de precipitação no norte da Patagônia poderiam ser benéficas para o estabelecimento das populações de P. canaliculata nesta nova área, onde as precipitações aumentaram o suficiente até atingir os valores similares aos da região mais austral citada para a distribuição desta espécie.
Assuntos
Animais , Mudança Climática , Gastrópodes/classificação , Argentina , Dinâmica Populacional , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca Gastropoda) shows a large native distribution range in South America, reaching as far south as 37º S (Buenos Aires, Argentina). This species was deliberately introduced into Southeast Asia around 1980 and subsequently underwent a rapid intentional or accidental dispersal into many countries in the region. It was also introduced into North and Central America and Hawaii. In this contribution we record the presence of P. canaliculata in Patagonia, assessing the possible influence of climatic change in the new establishment of this species there. Three samplings (between September 2004 and April 2005) were carried out at 38º 58' 20.2" S-68º 11' 27.3" W. In the sampling we found two adult specimens of P. canaliculata and numerous egg clutches. Pomacea canaliculata is naturally distributed in the Plata and Amazon Basins. The southern boundary of this species has been established as the isotherms of 14 ºC and 16 ºC in Buenos Aires province, and precipitations of 900 to 600 mm/year. This study also analysed variations in annual temperature and precipitation in Patagonia. Average temperatures show an increase over the years, although not constantly. Important modifications in precipitation regime in northern Patagonia, triggered by global climatic changes, could be beneficial for the settlement of populations of P. canaliculata in this new area, where precipitation increased enough to reach values similar to those in the southernmost area of distribution of this species.
Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca Gastropoda) mostra um grande alcance de distribuição natural na América do Sul, chegando até os 37º S (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Esta espécie foi introduzida propositalmente no sudeste da Ásia, por volta de 1980 e, mais tarde, se submeteu a uma dispersão de forma rápida intencional ou acidental em muitos países da região. Também foi introduzido na América do Norte, América Central e Havaí. Nesta contribuição se confere a presença de P. canaliculata na Patagônia e se considera a influência das alterações climáticas no novo estabelecimento desta espécie no local referido. Três coletas (entre setembro de 2004 até abril de 2005) foram realizadas (38º 58' 20.2" S and 68º 11' 27.3" W). Nelas encontraram-se dois exemplares adultos de P. canaliculada e numerosas desovas. P. canaliculata distribui-se naturalmente nas regiões das Bacias do Prata e Amazonas. O limite sul desta espécie foi estabelecido nas isotermas de 14 ºC e 16 ºC na província de Buenos Aires, com precipitações de 900 a 600 mm. Também são analisadas as variações na temperatura anual e a precipitação na Patagônia. As médias de temperatura mostram um aumento no decorrer de dois anos. Modificações importantes no regime de precipitação no norte da Patagônia poderiam ser benéficas para o estabelecimento das populações de P. canaliculata nesta nova área, onde as precipitações aumentaram o suficiente até atingir os valores similares aos da região mais austral citada para a distribuição desta espécie.
RESUMO
To assess the short-term behavior of the right ventricle anterior papillary muscle extrasystoles (APME) based on Holter recording and exercise data, 20 subjects (age 31.5 +/- 13.7 years) with otherwise normal electrocardiogram were studied. APME was diagnosed when it resembled LBBB morphology, with downward oriented AQRS in the frontal plane, slurred r wave in lead V1, and an R/S ratio less than 1 in this same lead. Except for palpitations in ten patients, there were no other symptoms related to the arrhythmia. Two Holter recordings, 30 to 330 days apart, were performed and their results compared. In the first Holter recording, the average rate of VPB/minute was 9.9 +/- 2.5 (xg +/- SD). Half of the patients had couplets and five had ventricular tachycardia. In the second Holter recording, the average rate of VPB/minute was 8.7 +/- 3. In eight cases, couplets were recorded, in half of which one or more episodes of ventricular tachycardia were also noted. Six patients showed another VPB morphology distinct from APME. Stress test suppressed VPB in 10/13 patients, couplets in 2/3 and ventricular tachycardia in the only one with this arrhythmia at the start of the test. Repetitive forms vs APME frequency and vs heart rate exhibited an inverse relationship. We conclude that APME is a clinical condition with both high and stable VPB levels, which can be found in subjects with otherwise normal hearts and in the short-term has a spontaneous uncomplicated outcome.