RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bromelain is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes found in various tissues of the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus) and other species of Bromeliaceae. Owing to its proteolytic activity, bromelain has been used in the food, medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, for its cell renewal, anti-ageing, whitening and anti-cellulite properties. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the stability of bromelain (commercial powder) incorporated in topical formulations. METHODS: Bromelain was incorporated at three concentrations, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0%, in oil-in-water emulsion and gel, and stored for six months at varying stress conditions. Stability was accessed by measuring the changes in the protein content, enzymatic activity, viscosity, rheology, pH and colour of the selected formulations. RESULTS: The colour of all the samples changed after 180 days of incubation, indicating the concentration-dependence and temperature-sensitive nature of these formulations. No relationship was observed between the changes in the pH, temperature and luminosity exposure in all the samples. Gels proved to be the least preferred base for incorporation of bromelain for use as a topical formulation, owing to its inability to maintain the integrity of bromelain, thereby affecting the formulation characteristics. CONCLUSION: The emulsion-based formulations at all the concentrations of bromelain were more stable than the gel-based formulation over 180 days of evaluation, at a temperature of 5°C, protected from light.
Assuntos
Bromelaínas/química , Administração Tópica , Bromelaínas/metabolismo , Cor , Cosméticos , Reologia , Temperatura , ViscosidadeRESUMO
This paper focuses on the feasibility of unconventional aqueous two-phase systems for bromelain purification from pineapple processing waste. The main difference in comparison with conventional systems is the integration of the liquid-liquid extraction technique with fractional precipitation, which can decrease the protein content with no loss of biological activity by removing of unwanted molecules. The analysis of the results was based on the response surface methodology and revealed that the use of the desirability optimisation methodology (DOM) was necessary to achieve higher purification factor values and greater bromelain recovery. The use of DOM yielded an 11.80-fold purification factor and 66.38 % biological activity recovery using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with a molar mass of 4,000, 10.86 % PEG concentration (m/m) and 36.21 % saturation of ammonium sulphate.
Assuntos
Sulfato de Amônio/química , Ananas/enzimologia , Bromelaínas/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Bromelaínas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/químicaRESUMO
In the present work, alpha- and beta-amylase enzymes from Zea mays malt were recovered by continuous extraction in a PEG/CaCl2 aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). The influences of the flux rate (RQ), free area of vane (A(free)) and vane rotation (RV) on enzyme recovery were studied by optimization using response surface methodology (RSM). The protein content and enzyme activity were measured from time to time in the extract and refined fluxes. RSM curves showed a squared dependence of recovery index with the RQ, A(free) and RV. The best system for recovering the maize malt enzymes was with low vane rotation and flux rate and high free area of vane. Alpha- and beta-amylases were purified 130-fold in the salt-rich phase.
Assuntos
Fracionamento Químico/métodos , Zea mays/química , alfa-Amilases/isolamento & purificação , beta-Amilase/isolamento & purificação , Cloreto de Cálcio/química , Fracionamento Químico/instrumentação , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , alfa-Amilases/química , beta-Amilase/químicaRESUMO
In this work the purification and biochemistry characterization of alpha-amylases from Aspergillus niger (FORILASE NTL) were studied. The effects of expansion degree of resin bed on enzyme purification by expanded bed adsorption (EBA) have also been studied. Residence time distributions (RTD) studies were done to achieve the optimal conditions of the amylases recovery on ion-exchange resin, and glucose solution was used as a new tracer. Results showed that height equivalent of the theoretical plates (HETP), axial dispersion and the Prandt number increased with bed height, bed voidage and linear velocity. The adsorption capacity of alpha-amylases, on the resin, increased with bed height and the best condition was at four-expansion degree. alpha-Amylase characterization showed that this enzyme has high affinity with soluble starch, good hydrolysis potential and molecular weight of 116 kDa.
Assuntos
Aspergillus niger/enzimologia , alfa-Amilases/química , Adsorção , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Hidrólise , Peso Molecular , alfa-Amilases/metabolismoRESUMO
The characterisation of the polyethylene glycol-cashew-nut tree gum aqueous two-phase system is described. Factors which affect the phase diagram including polymer molecular mass, pH and temperature were analysed. The physico-chemical properties of the system such as density, viscosity, volume ratio and phase separation times were also described. The characteristics of the system studied indicate it to be very attractive as a separation technique.
Assuntos
Extratos Vegetais/química , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Árvores/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Peso Molecular , Reologia , TemperaturaRESUMO
The characterisation of a new system based on cashew-nut tree gum, a branched acidic heteropolysaccharide found in Brazil, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was studied. Phase diagrams are provided for the PEG-cashew-nut tree gum system. The influence of PEG molecular mass, tie-line length and pH on bovine serum albumin (BSA) partition was investigated. Protein partition coefficient was little influenced by changing PEG molecular mass. Increasing the tie-line length decreased the partition. Increasing the pH also raised the BSA partition coefficient. It is shown that systems formed by PEG and cashew-nut tree gum may be considered as an interesting alternative for use in protein purification.