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AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the pregnancy rates in hair ewes using an Ovsynch synchronization protocol under a breeding system that combines fixed-time insemination plus a 10-day mating period as an alternative. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Through an experimental study (n=27), ewes were randomly located into one of three treatments: (1) Pre-synch (n=9): Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)+Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)+PGF2α+GnRH; (2) Ovsynch (n=9): GnRH+PGF2α+GnRH; and (3) control: Ewes bred by natural mating (NM) (n=9). Ewes were fixed-time inseminated (fixed-time artificial insemination [FTAI]) with fresh semen, collected just before the insemination time through vaginoscopy at 16 h after the second GnRH (gonadorelin) injection. Each experimental group was placed separately during 15 days and, after this time, fertile rams were allowed back with ewes for a 10-day mating period. Control group ewes remained with the rest of the herd suitable for breeding and were bred under NM. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasound at 28-, 56-, and 84-day post-breeding to differentiate between FTAI and NM pregnancies. Total (FTAI±NM) pregnancy rates at 56-day post-breeding were used to compared Pre-synch, Ovsynch, and control. For this purpose, two-tailed proportions comparison z-test was used with a 95% confidence level, for testing as the null hypothesis whether two proportions were equal. RESULTS: Pregnancy rates were higher in control ewes (66.4%) than FTAI (46.6%). When pregnancy rates after a 10-day mating period (40%) were added, the final rate (86.6%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Ovsynch-based protocols. The pregnancy rate was significantly lower in FTAI ewes compared to FTAI +10-day mating group (p<0.05). The overall pregnancy rate was 88.0, 85.7, and 67.0 (p>0.05) for Pre-synch, Ovsynch, and control ewes, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results provide evidence on the benefits of combined FTAI protocols for improving the reproductive efficiency of sheep.
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OBJECTIVES: Puerto Rico (PR), is the fifth highest jurisdiction of the United States of America (US) with respect to HIV prevalence and the leading in cervical cancer incidence. This cross-sectional study describes the prevalence and correlates of cervical HPV infection among a clinic-based sample of 302 women living with HIV/AIDS in PR. METHODS: Data collection included questionnaires, blood and cervical samples. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the magnitude of association (adjusted Prevalence odds ratio [aPOR]) between HPV cervical infection and other covariates. RESULTS: Mean age of participants was 40.3 years (± 10.3SD). The prevalence of HPV infection was 50.3%; 41.1% for low-risk types and 29.5% for high-risk types. Having ≥ 10 lifetime sexual partners (aPOR = 2.10, 95% CI:1.02-4.29), an abnormal Pap (aPOR = 3.58, 95% CI:1.93-6.62), active genital warts (aPOR = 3.45, 95% CI:1.60-7.42), and CD4 counts ≤ 200 (aPOR = 4.24, 95% CI: 1.67-10.78) were positively associated with any cervical HPV infection. Similar results were observed for HR HPV infection. CONCLUSIONS: A high burden of HPV co-infection exists among women living with HIV/AIDS in this population. Given the high incidence of HIV in PR and the higher risk of cervical cancer among women living with HIV/AIDS, HPV vaccination should be promoted in this population.
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Colo do Útero/virologia , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Hispânico ou Latino , Infecções por Papillomavirus/etnologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Adulto , Coinfecção/virologia , Condiloma Acuminado/epidemiologia , Condiloma Acuminado/etiologia , Condiloma Acuminado/virologia , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Estudos Transversais , DNA Viral , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Razão de Chances , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Prevalência , Porto Rico/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Parceiros Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/etiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologiaRESUMO
The study examined the radioprotective activity of an aqueous extract from Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium administered to Balb/c mice. Male mice were whole-body irradiated on day 0 ((60)Co, at 0.43 Gy/min) and divided into two groups. The extract was administered intraperitoneally to one group (100 mg/kg) on days - 10 to - 6 and - 2 to +1 with respect to the irradiation. The irradiated-control group was injected with saline solution; non-irradiated mice were used as negative controls. The radioprotective effect was evident by increases in bone marrow cellularity (5.1 × 10(6)/femur vs. 1.1 × 10(6)/femur in saline-control mice, p < 0.05), leucocyte counts (10.5 × 10(9)/L vs. 4.5 × 10(9)/L, p < 0.05), and spleen cellularity (11.2 × 10(7)/spleen vs. 6.2 × 10(7)/spleen, p < 0.05). The extract stimulated macrophage phagocytic activity as judged by a faster rate of carbon clearance in terms of absorbance ratios (1.62 vs. 2.01, p < 0.05). Therefore, this extract may be a candidate therapeutic agent with radioprotective activity for haematopoiesis damage, particularly to cells involved in immune function.
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Hematopoese/efeitos dos fármacos , Pleurotus/química , Protetores contra Radiação/química , Agaricales/química , Animais , Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Óssea/efeitos da radiação , Contagem de Leucócitos , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Micélio/química , Fagocitose , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy to improve the head posture and reduce the signs of bruxism in a group of bruxist children. A single-blind randomized clinical trial was performed. All the subjects were 3- to 6-year old, had complete primary dentition, dental and skeletal class I occlusion and were classified as bruxist according to the minimal criteria of the ICSD for bruxism. For each child, a clinical, photographic and radiographic evaluation of the head and cervical posture were realized with standardized techniques. The children were randomized in an experimental (n = 13) and a control (n = 13) group. A physiotherapeutic intervention was applied to the children of the experimental group once a week, until 10 sessions were completed. Afterwards, the cephalogram and the clinical and photographic evaluation of the head posture were measured again. The data were analysed with the t-test and Mann-Whitney test. The subjects of the experimental group showed statistically significant improvement in the natural head posture. The physiotherapeutic intervention showed to be efficient to improve the head posture at the moment of measurement in the studied children. The relationship between bruxism and head posture, if exists, seems to be worthwhile to examine.
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Conscientização , Bruxismo/reabilitação , Movimentos da Cabeça , Postura , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cefalometria , Vértebras Cervicais/anatomia & histologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Cabeça/anatomia & histologia , Humanos , Masculino , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Método Simples-Cego , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The aim of the present study was to compare the head position and dental wear of bruxist and non-bruxist children with primary dentition. METHODS: All the subjects had complete primary dentition, dental and skeletal class I occlusion and were classified as bruxist or non-bruxist according to their anxiety level, bruxism described by their parents and signs of temporomandibular disorders. The dental wear was drawn in dental casts and processed in digital format. Physiotherapeutic evaluation and a cephalometric radiograph with natural head position were also performed for each child to evaluate the cranio-cervical position for the bruxist group (n = 33) and the control group (n = 20). The variables of the two groups were compared, using the Student t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: A more anterior and downward head tilt was found in the bruxist group, with statistically significant differences compared with the controls. More significant dental wear was observed in the bruxist children. CONCLUSIONS: Bruxism seems to be related to altered natural head posture and more intense dental wear. Further studies are necessary to explore bruxism mechanisms.
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Bruxismo/complicações , Cabeça , Postura , Abrasão Dentária/etiologia , Dente Decíduo/patologia , Bruxismo/diagnóstico por imagem , Bruxismo/patologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cefalometria , Vértebras Cervicais/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Cervicais/patologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Cabeça/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Radiografia , Distribuição por Sexo , Abrasão Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Abrasão Dentária/patologiaRESUMO
Objetivo: caracterizar el perfil sociodemográfico de cuidadores familiares de ancianos con dependencia funcional y describir cómo asumen su rol. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal; 39 cuidadores familiares de ancianos con dependencia funcional, con seis o más meses como cuidadores, sin retribución económica, que viven en Envigado. Muestreo por conveniencia. Resultados: 100 por ciento mujeres, edad promedio 53,9 años, 64,1 por ciento hijas de quien cuidan; 89,7 por ciento comparten vivienda con el anciano; 38,5 por ciento solteras y 38,5 por ciento casadas, 51,3 por ciento tienen hijos. Baja escolaridad: 28,1 por ciento primaria incompleta. Situación socioeconómica así: ingreso familiar promedio del 89,7 por ciento es menor de dos salarios mínimos legales mensuales. El 79,5 por ciento comparten el papel de cuidadora con otro; 64,1 por ciento sin actividad remunerada previamente. Con referencia al cuidado: 30,8 por ciento lleva entre 3 y 6 años, 12,9 por ciento más de 12 años; 76,9 por ciento dedica más de ocho horas día; 56,3 por ciento reciben apoyo fundamentalmente de familiares y, del sistema formal, el 7,7 por ciento . Conclusiones: en Colombia es incipiente el reconocimiento del cuidado familiar; hay similitud del perfil de cuidadores con otros países; la situación del perfil de las cuidadoras se acentúa por el escaso tiempo para enriquecimiento personal y poco apoyo sistemático; se percibe ausencia de políticas de salud para fortalecer el cuidado familiar y los cuidadores.