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ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to verify the association between adherence to school meals provided by the National School Feeding Program and dietary patterns in adolescents from Brazilian public schools. Methods: Data from the 2019 National School Health Survey were used, with a nationally representative sample of Brazilian school adolescents (n=53,477; 13-17 years old). Food consumption of healthy and unhealthy food markers was obtained from a food consumption questionnaire. Regular consumption was considered ≥5 times/week. Latent class analysis was used to identify dietary patterns whose association with adherence to school meals was evaluated by multinomial logistic regression models, with adjustment for sociodemographic and eating behavior variables. Results: Three dietary patterns were identified: "unhealthy" — higher consumption of soft drinks and sweets (9.2% of adolescents); "healthy" — higher consumption of beans, vegetables, and fruits (27.1%); and "monotonous" — higher consumption of beans (63.7%). High adherence to school meals (every day) and unsatisfactory adherence (1-4 times/week) were positively associated with the healthy pattern even after adjustment for possible potential confounders (OR 1.37, 95%CI 1.23-1.52; OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.10-1.30, respectively). Conclusion: The results showed that the consumption of school meals offered by the National School Feeding Program can contribute to healthy eating habits among Brazilian adolescents.
RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a associação entre a adesão à alimentação escolar fornecida pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar e os padrões alimentares em adolescentes de escolas públicas brasileiras. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Escolar de 2019, com uma amostra nacionalmente representativa de adolescentes brasileiros (n=53.477; 13-17 anos). O consumo de alimentos marcadores saudáveis e não saudáveis foi obtido a partir de um questionário de consumo alimentar. O consumo regular foi considerado ≥5 vezes/semana. A análise de classes latente foi utilizada para identificar padrões alimentares cuja associação com a adesão à alimentação escolar foi avaliada por modelos de regressão logística multinomial, com ajuste para variáveis sociodemográficas e de comportamento alimentar. Resultados: Foram identificados três padrões alimentares: "não saudável" — maior consumo de refrigerantes e doces (9,2% dos adolescentes); "saudável" — maior consumo de feijão, vegetais e frutas (27,1%); e "monótono" — maior consumo de feijão (63,7%). Alta adesão à alimentação escolar (todos os dias) e adesão insatisfatória (1-4 vezes/semana) foram positivamente associadas ao padrão saudável, mesmo após ajuste para possíveis fatores de confusão (OR 1,37, IC95% 1,23-1,52; OR 1,20, IC95% 1,10-1,30, respectivamente). Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que o consumo das refeições escolares oferecidas pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar pode contribuir para hábitos alimentares saudáveis entre os adolescentes brasileiros.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether 5-year-old children considered poor eaters differ from their peers regarding growth, intake of energy and nutrients, or meal pattern. Study design Parental evaluations of children's (n=494) eating at age 5 years were collected using questionnaires, and energy and nutrient intakes and meal pattern of the children were assessed using 4-day food records. Weight and height were measured at birth and at ages 7 and 13 months, and 2, 3, 4, and 5 years. Of the children 30.2% (149) were poor eaters according to the parents. The rest of the sample (n=345) formed the comparison group. RESULTS: Poor eaters were on average lighter and shorter at birth (P=.026 and P=.020, respectively), and at age 5 years (P<.001 for both weight and height) than the comparison children. At age 5 years the poor eaters on average received less of their daily total energy from warm meals (P=.044) and more from snacks (P=.013) than the comparison group, but the mean daily weight-adjusted intake of energy showed no difference between the groups (P=.153). CONCLUSIONS: There appears not to be reason for serious concern about growth and diet of preschool-aged children considered as poor eaters by parents.