RESUMO
Pesticide mixtures are frequently utilized in agriculture, yet their cumulative effects on aquatic organisms remain poorly understood. Aquatic animals can be effective bioindicators and invasive bivalves, owing to their widespread distribution, provide an opportunity to assess these impacts. Glyphosate and imidacloprid, among the most prevalent pesticides globally, are frequently detected in freshwater systems in South America. This study aims to understand the cumulative effects of pesticide mixtures on aquatic organisms, using invasive Corbicula largillierti clams from a natural stream in northwestern Argentina. We conducted 48-hour exposure experiments using two concentrations of imidacloprid (20 and 200 µg L-1 a.i), two concentrations of glyphosate (0.3 and 3 mg L-1 a.i), and two combinations of these pesticides (both at low and high concentrations, respectively), simulating the direct contamination of both pesticides based on their agronomic recipe and observed values in Argentine aquatic environments. Clam metabolism was assessed through the examination of multiple oxidative stress parameters and measuring oxygen consumption rate as a proxy for standard metabolic rate (SMR). Our findings revealed that imidacloprid has a more pronounced effect compared to glyphosate. Imidacloprid significantly decreased clam SMR and cellular levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). However, when both pesticides were present, also cellular glycogen and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were affected. Proteins and glutathione S-Transferase (GST) activity were unaffected by either pesticide or their mixture at the assayed concentrations, highlighting the need to test several stress parameters to detect toxicological impacts. Our results indicated additive effects of imidacloprid and glyphosate across all measured parameters. The combination of multiple physiological and cytological biomarkers in invasive bivalves offers significant potential to enhance biomonitoring sensitivity and obtain insights into the origins and cellular mechanisms of chemical impacts. These studies can improve pollution regulatory policies and pesticide management.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Corbicula , Glicina , Glifosato , Neonicotinoides , Nitrocompostos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Neonicotinoides/toxicidade , Animais , Nitrocompostos/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Glicina/toxicidade , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Argentina , Corbicula/efeitos dos fármacos , Herbicidas/toxicidade , Monitoramento Ambiental , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Inseticidas/toxicidadeRESUMO
Microsurgery is a developing technique in our setting, and its success can be related to elements that are not related to the surgeon. Because of this, the Plastic Surgery Team in the Chilean Airforce Hospital has become aware of the need to develop a support protocol for microsurgery, which can be used in any setting throughout our country. Its focus is set in optimizing and controlling physiological and anesthetic variables, and those not related to the technique itself, which can influence the microsurgery outcome and the patients perioperative morbi-mortality.
La microcirugía es una técnica en pleno desarrollo en nuestro medio y su éxito puede estar condicionado a veces a elementos externos al cirujano. Es por esto que, en el Hospital de la Fuerza Aérea de Chile, el Equipo de Cirugía Plástica ha notado la necesidad de diseñar un protocolo de apoyo a la microcirugía, el cual sea posible implementar en cualquier medio nacional. Su enfoque está dirigido a optimizar y controlar las variables fisiológicas, anestésicas y externas a la técnica quirúrgica en si misma, que podrían incidir en el éxito de la microcirugía como en la morbimortalidad perioperatoria de los pacientes.
Assuntos
Humanos , Assistência Perioperatória/métodos , Protocolos Clínicos , Retalhos de Tecido Biológico , Microcirurgia/normas , Fatores Etários , Comorbidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Monitorização Intraoperatória , Antibioticoprofilaxia/normasRESUMO
Introducción: Entre un 30-40 por ciento de los Adenomas Vellosos (AV) rectales pueden presentar cáncer, lo que clínicamente puede no ser evidente, e incluso la biopsia endoscópica puede resultar negativa. Comunicaciones recientes sugieren que la Endosonografía Rectal (ER) sería un método apropiado para detectar focos de carcinoma invasor en AV. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de la ER en la detección de focos de carcinoma invasor en AV y su eventual compromiso ganglionar. Material y método: Se analizaron en forma consecutiva 1400 ER, realizadas entre Febrero del 2000 y Julio del 2006 en el Hospital U.C. Se seleccionaron aquellas ER informadas como AV rectal. El informe de ER en cuanto a la extensión del tumor en la pared y el compromiso ganglionar (uT, uN) fue comparado con el informe de anatomía patológica de la pieza quirúrgica (pT, pN). Resultados: En 28 de los 35 pacientes con ER informadas como AV rectal se pudo contar con el estudio anatomopatológico y son quienes constituyen esta serie. En 17 pacientes se encontró cáncer invasor en el estudio anatomopatológico (60,7 por ciento). La concordancia entre ER y el estudio patológico para identificar focos de cáncer en AV fue 82 por ciento. El VPP fue 100 por ciento, el VPN 69 por ciento, la sensibilidad 71 por ciento y la especificidad 100 por ciento. La concordancia para diferenciar lesiones T0-T1 de lesiones más profundas fue 75 por ciento, y para establecer invasión ganglionar fue 84 por ciento. Conclusión: La ER permite una adecuada detección de focos de cáncer en AV junto a una apropiada etapificación.
Background: Thirty to forty percent of villous adenomas can be an occult carcinoma. Even biopsy can miss the diagnosis. Rectal endosonography can be useful to detect these malignant tumors. Aim: To assess the usefulness of rectal endosonography to detect invasive carcinoma and eventual lymph node involvement in villous adenomas. Material and methods: Retrospective review of 1400 rectal endosonographies performed between years 2000 and 2006. Those cases in which a rectal villous adenoma was informed, that were subjected to surgical excision and that had a pathology report were included in the study. Results: Thirty five rectal endosonographies were informed as rectal villous adenoma and 28 had a pathology report. In 17 of the latter, an invasive carcinoma was detected on pathology. The concordance between pathology and rectal endosonography to detect the carcinoma was 82 percent. Positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity and specificity of endosonography to detect carcinoma were 100, 69, 71 and 100 percent respectively. The concordance to differentiate T0-T1 lesions from deeper lesions and to detect lymph node involvement was 75 and 84 percent respectively. Conclusions: Rectal endosonography is useful to detect carcinomas in villous adenoma and to determine the stage of such tumors.