RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This paper explores the history of TB in Argentina from the pre- Columbian period to recent times in order to evaluate the impact of the industrialization (late 19th and early 20th centuries) on the increasing rates of this disease. MATERIALS: Historical, paleopathological, and current epidemiological data were reviewed. METHODS: Data were integrated under a paleopathological approach. RESULTS: Skeletal evidence suggests the existence of TB before colonization. This is followed by two different periods of increasing TB rates: a probable but unconfirmed first stage, related to the contact between Europeans and natives during the 16th-18th centuries, and a second stage during the Industrial Revolution, from the 1880s to the 1950s, when it was finally controlled with the aid of chemotherapies. CONCLUSIONS: TB rates increased during industrialization, coincident and probably related to immigration, the disorganized growth of cities, and bad working conditions. Nowadays, TB is under control in the general population, but it remains an important health problem in areas with poor living conditions and in immunocompromised patients. SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first study that integrates archaeological, historical and epidemiological data to acknowledge the pathway of TB in Argentina. LIMITATIONS: No skeletal evidence of TB from 19th and 20th centuries and from medical archives from sanatoria are available. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH: Further research needs to be conducted from these records, in order to improve the current knowledge of TB during the industrialization period in Argentina.
Assuntos
Tuberculose , Argentina/epidemiologia , Emigração e Imigração , Humanos , Paleopatologia , Tuberculose/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Osteomyelitis was frequent in prehistoric times, although its paleopathological recognition and analysis in skeletal remains is typically incomplete. Contrasting with osteomyelitis in children, in adults it is usually a subacute or chronic infection that develops secondary to an open injury. The aim of this paper is to present a case of osteomyelitis in an adult female skeleton, from a hunter-gatherer population that inhabited the eastern Pampa-Patagonian transition (Argentina) during Final Late Holocene (ca. 250 years BP). Macroscopic studies as well as biplanar radiographs and CT scans were used for diagnosis. Lamellar bone formations on the diaphysis and in the interior of the marrow cavity were recorded. Also, a lytic lesion was identified in CT images. The diagnostic procedures and the probable causes that could generate the lesions in the long bones of the lower limb are discussed. The lesions are consistent with osteomyelitis secondary to a contiguous focus of infection, possibly linked to the abscess in the maxillary bone.