RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection is the most common cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Only few studies correlated serotypes and stx genotypes with disease severity. This study aimed to update STEC serotypes, stx genotypes, and virulence factors (eae and ehxA) in a cohort of patients with STEC-HUS and investigate whether they influence the severity of disease. METHODS: In this multicentric study, children hospitalized between 2005 and 2016 with STEC-HUS confirmed by the National Reference Laboratory were included. Serotypes (O157, O145, O121, and others), stx genotypes (stx1a, stx2a, stx2c, stx2d, and others), and virulence factors were analyzed, and their association with dialysis requirement (>10 days); severe neurological, cardiovascular, and/or bowel involvement; and death was assessed. RESULTS: The records of 280 patients were reviewed; 160 females, median age 21 months (IQR18m). STEC O157 was isolated in 206 (73.6%) patients, O145 in 47 (16.8%), O121 in 15 (5.4%), and other serotypes in 12 (4.2%). The stx2a/2c genotype was carried by 179 (63.9%) strains, stx2a by 94 (33.6%), stx1a/stx2a by five (1.8%), and stx1a only by two (0.7%). All strains except six harbored eae and ehxA genes. Fifty-nine (21.1%) patients had severe neurological involvement, 29 (10.4%) severe bowel injury, 14 (5%) cardiovascular involvement, 53 (18.9%) required > 10 days of dialysis, and 12 (4.3%) died. Neither serotypes nor stx genotypes detected were significantly linked to severity. CONCLUSIONS: Serotype O157 and virulence stx2a/2c, eae, ehxA genotype are prevalent in Argentina, and no relationship was found between severity and serotypes and genotypes of STEC detected.
Assuntos
Infecções por Escherichia coli , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica , Argentina/epidemiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/complicações , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Feminino , Genótipo , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica/epidemiologia , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica/etiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Diálise Renal , Sorogrupo , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica/genética , Fatores de Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: (1) Evaluate mortality rate in patients with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic uremic syndrome, (2) determine the leading causes of death, and (3) identify predictors of mortality at hospital admission. METHODS: We conducted a multicentric, observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study. It included patients under 18 years old with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic uremic syndrome hospitalized between January 2005 and June 2016. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from the Argentine National Epidemiological Surveillance System of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Clinical and laboratory variables were compared between deceased and non-deceased patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. ROC curves and area under the curve were obtained. RESULTS: Seventeen (3.65%) out of the 466 patients died, being central nervous system involvement the main cause of death. Predictors of death were central nervous system involvement, the number of days since the beginning of diarrhea to hospitalization, hyponatremia, high hemoglobin, high leukocyte counts, and low bicarbonate concentration on admission. In the multivariate analysis, central nervous system involvement, sodium concentration, and hemoglobin were independent predictors. The best cut off for sodium was ≤ 128 meq/l and for hemoglobin ≥ 10.8 g/dl. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality was low in children with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic uremic syndrome, being central nervous system involvement the main cause of death. The best mortality predictors found were central nervous system involvement, hemoglobin, and sodium concentration. Hyponatremia may be a new Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic uremic syndrome mortality predictor.
Assuntos
Infecções por Escherichia coli/mortalidade , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica/mortalidade , Hiponatremia/mortalidade , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/mortalidade , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica/isolamento & purificação , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Infecções por Escherichia coli/sangue , Infecções por Escherichia coli/complicações , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Feminino , Hemoglobinas/análise , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica/sangue , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica/complicações , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica/microbiologia , Humanos , Hiponatremia/sangue , Hiponatremia/diagnóstico , Hiponatremia/etiologia , Lactente , Masculino , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/sangue , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/diagnóstico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/etiologia , Prognóstico , Curva ROC , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Sódio/sangueRESUMO
Hemorrhagic colitis (HC) is a severe manifestation of the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with HC with the following aims: (1) to characterize the clinicopathologic features; (2) to evaluate mortality rate; (3) to analyze severity of renal and central nervous system (CNS) disease. Patients with HC assisted between 1981-2009 were evaluated and compared with a control group of 137 patients without HC. Among 987 patients with diarrheal prodrome (D) + HUS, 54 (5.5%) presented HC. Clinical findings included abdominal pain (96%), distension (93%), hematochezia (44%), and abdominal mass (11%). Surgery was indicated in 35 patients (65%), and 17 (48.5%) required bowel resection. Transverse and ascending colon were most frequently affected. Macroscopic evaluation showed bowel necrosis (18) and perforation (12). Histologic evaluation (29) showed that 25 (86.2%) had necrosis of the affected segment (transmural in 21). A leukocyte count >20,000/mm(3) and hematocrit >30% were more common in HC patients than in controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Mortality rate was higher in HC patients (33.3%) than in controls (1.4%; p < 0.0001). Dialysis >10 days, seizures, and coma were more frequent in HC patients than in controls (p < 0.0001). In summary, most patients had prominent abdominal findings, and almost 2/3 patients required surgery. Transverse/ascending colon was most affected, and the main histologic finding was transmural necrosis. Higher hematocrit and leukocytosis were frequent. Mortality rate was extremely high, and most had long-lasting anuria and severe neurologic involvement.
Assuntos
Colite/etiologia , Diarreia/complicações , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica/complicações , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colite/mortalidade , Colite/patologia , Feminino , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/mortalidade , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/patologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Necrose , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Introducción.El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el comportamiento evolutivo de pacientes con glomerulonefritis rápidamente progresiva(GNRP)e identificar variables con implicancias pronósticas y terapéuticas.Material y métodos.Se efectuó un estudio retospectivo de 26 niños con GNRP(> 50 por ciento de los glomérulos con semilunas que ocuparan más del 5 0 por ciento de la circunferencia glomerular)asistidos en el Hospital de Niños de La Plata en los últimos 22 años.Se analizaron el porcentaje y tipo de semilunas,el intervalo entre el comienzo de la enfermedad y el tratamiento,así como la necesidad de diálisis y las condiciones subyacentes(variables pronósticas)23 pacientes fueron tratados con" pulsos"de metilprednisolona IV(15-30 mg/kg nº3-12)seguidos de prednisona y ciclofosfamida.Conclusiones.Más de 2/3 de los pacientes mejoraron la función renal.El intervalo mayor de un mes entre el comienzo de la enfermedad y el tratamiento,el predominio de las semilunas estuvieron asociados con un pe
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Criança , Glomerulonefrite/patologiaRESUMO
Introducción.El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el comportamiento evolutivo de pacientes con glomerulonefritis rápidamente progresiva(GNRP)e identificar variables con implicancias pronósticas y terapéuticas.Material y métodos.Se efectuó un estudio retospectivo de 26 niños con GNRP(> 50 por ciento de los glomérulos con semilunas que ocuparan más del 5 0 por ciento de la circunferencia glomerular)asistidos en el Hospital de Niños de La Plata en los últimos 22 años.Se analizaron el porcentaje y tipo de semilunas,el intervalo entre el comienzo de la enfermedad y el tratamiento,así como la necesidad de diálisis y las condiciones subyacentes(variables pronósticas)23 pacientes fueron tratados con" pulsos"de metilprednisolona IV(15-30 mg/kg nº3-12)seguidos de prednisona y ciclofosfamida.Conclusiones.Más de 2/3 de los pacientes mejoraron la función renal.El intervalo mayor de un mes entre el comienzo de la enfermedad y el tratamiento,el predominio de las semilunas estuvieron asociados con un peor pronóstico.Los resultados sugieren que la administración precoz de alta dosis de metilprednisola intravenosa seguida de tratamiento inmunosupresor puede ser de beneficio en casos de GNRP