RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the mid-term outcomes of the laparoscopic ileal interposition into the jejunum (JII-SG) or into the duodenum (DII-SG) associated with sleeve gastrectomy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with BMI below 35. METHODS: The procedures were performed on 202 consecutive patients. Mean age was 52.2 ± 7.5. Mean duration of T2DM was 9.8 ± 5.2 years. Insulin therapy was used by 41.1%. Dyslipidemia was observed in 78.2%, hypertension in 67.3%, nephropathy in 49.5%, retinopathy in 31.2%, coronary heart disease in 11.9%, and other cardiovascular events in 12.9%. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 39.1 months (range, 25-61). Early and late mortality was 0.99% and 1.0%, respectively. Early reoperation was performed in 2.5%. Early and late major complications were 8.4% and 3.5%. Early most frequent complications were pneumonia and ileus. Intestinal obstruction was diagnosed in 1.5%. Mean BMI decreased from 29.7 to 23.5 kg/m(2), mean fasting glucose from 202.1 to 112.2 mg/dl, and mean postprandial glucose from 263.3 to 130 mg/dl. Triglycerides diminished from a mean of 273.4 to 110.3 mg/dl and cholesterol from a mean of 204.7 to 160.1 mg/dl. Hypertension was resolved in 87.5%. Mean hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) decreased from 8.7 to 6.2% after the JII-SG and to 5.9% following the DII-SG. HbA(1c) below 7% was seen in 89.9% of the patients and below 6.5% in 78.3%. Overall, 86.4% of patients were off antidiabetic medications. CONCLUSION: Both JII-SG and DII-SG demonstrated to be safe, effective, and long-lasting alternatives for the treatment of T2DM patients with BMI <35. Beyond glycemic control, other benefits were achieved.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/cirurgia , Gastrectomia/métodos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Obesidade/cirurgia , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Anastomose Cirúrgica/métodos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Coortes , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Duodeno/cirurgia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Gastrectomia/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Íleo/cirurgia , Jejuno/cirurgia , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Bariatric surgery in morbidly obese type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients is associated with high rates of diabetes remission. We investigated the mechanisms of the anti-diabetic effect of the laparoscopic ileal interposition with sleeve gastrectomy (LII-SG) in normal weight (NW), overweight (OW) and obese (OB) T2DM patients. METHODS: Ninety-four patients (aged 54 ± 8 years) with long-standing (median 10 years), treated diabetes (median HbA(1c) = 8.6%), who were NW (15), OW (64) or OB (15) based on BMI, underwent LII-SG. Insulin sensitivity and parameters of ß-cell function were measured from an Oral Glycaemic Tolerance Test pre- and post-operatively. RESULTS: At a median of 13.4 months post-operatively, weight loss averaged 9.4 ± 1.3, 16.8 ± 0.8 and 23.2 ± 1.7 kg in NW, OW and OB subjects, respectively (p < 0.0001). Insulin sensitivity was fully restored (395 [108] vs 208 [99] ml min⻹ m⻲), fasting insulin secretion rate decreased (68 [52] vs 146 [120] pmol min⻹ m⻲) and total insulin output increased (52 [26] vs 39 [28] nmol m⻲, all p ≤ 0.001). ß-cell glucose sensitivity doubled (37 [33] vs 18 [24] mol min⻹ m⻲ mM⻹, p < 0.0001). The only parameter predicting remission of diabetes was a lower baseline insulin sensitivity (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: LII-SG induced changes on T2DM by mechanisms in part distinct from weight loss, principally involving restoration of insulin sensitivity and improvement of ß-cell function.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/cirurgia , Gastrectomia , Íleo/cirurgia , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Células Secretoras de Insulina/fisiologia , Cirurgia Bariátrica/métodos , Glicemia/metabolismo , Índice de Massa Corporal , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Feminino , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Obesidade/cirurgia , Sobrepeso/sangue , Sobrepeso/fisiopatologia , Sobrepeso/cirurgiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term outcomes of the laparoscopic ileal interposition associated to a sleeve gastrectomy (LII-SG) for the treatment of morbid obesity. The procedure was performed in 120 patients: 71 women and 49 men with mean age of 41.4 years. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 43.4 ± 4.2 kg/m². Patients had to meet requirements of the 1991 NIH conference criteria for bariatric operations. Associated comorbidities were observed in all patients, including dyslipidemia in 51.7%, hypertension in 35.8%, type 2 diabetes in 15.8%, degenerative joint disease in 55%, gastroesophageal reflux disease in 36.7%, sleep apnea in 10%, and cardiovascular problems in 5.8%. Mean follow-up was 38.4 ± 10.2 months, range 25.2-61.1. There was no conversion to open surgery nor operative mortality. Early major complications were diagnosed in five patients (4.2%). Postoperatively, 118 patients were evaluated. Late major complications were observed in seven patients (5.9%). Reoperations were performed in six (5.1%). Mean postoperative BMI was 25.7 ± 3.17 kg/m², and 86.4% were no longer obese. Mean %EWL was 84.5 ± 19.5%. Hypertension was resolved in 88.4% of the patients, dyslipidemia in 82.3%, and T2DM in 84.2%. The LII-SG provided an adequate weight loss and resolution of associated diseases during mid-term outcomes evaluation. There was an acceptable morbidity with no operative mortality. It seems that chronic ileal brake activation determined sustained reduced food intake and increased satiety over time. LII-SG could be regularly used as a surgical alternative for the treatment of morbid obesity.
Assuntos
Gastrectomia/métodos , Adulto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Íleo/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia is known to increase significantly the odds of major cardiovascular events in the general population. Its control becomes even more important in the type 2 diabetic (T2DM) population. Bariatric surgeries, especially gastric bypass, are effective in achieving long-term control of dyslipidemia in morbidly obese patients. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate the control of dyslipidemia in patients with T2DM and BMI below 30 that were submitted to the laparoscopic ileal interposition associated to sleeve gastrectomy. METHODS: An observational transversal study was performed in a tertiary care hospital, between June 2005 and August 2007. Mean follow-up was 24.5 months (range 12-38). The procedure was performed in 72 patients: 51 were men and 21 were women. Mean age was 53.1 years (38-66). Mean BMI was 27 kg/m(2) (22.1-29.4). Mean duration of T2DM was 10.5 years (3-22). Mean HbA1c was 8.5%. Hypercholesterolemia was diagnosed in 68% of the patients and hypertriglyceridemia in 63.9%. RESULTS: Mean postoperative BMI was 21.2.kg/m(2) (17-26.7). Mean postoperative HbA1c was 6.1%, ranging 4.4% to 8.3%. Overall, 86.1% of the patients achieved an adequate glycemic control (HbA1c < 7) without anti-diabetic medication. HbA1c below 6 was achieved by 50%, 36.1% had HbA1c between 6 and 7, and 13.9% had HbA1c above 7. Total hypercholesterolemia was normalized in 91.8% and hypertriglyceridemia in 89.1% of patients. Low-density lipoprotein below 100 mg/dl was seen in 85.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic ileal interposition associated to sleeve gastrectomy was an effective operation for the regression of dyslipidemia and T2DM in a non-obese population.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/cirurgia , Duodeno/cirurgia , Dislipidemias/sangue , Gastrectomia/métodos , Íleo/cirurgia , Laparoscopia , Adulto , Idoso , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Glicemia/metabolismo , Índice de Massa Corporal , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Dislipidemias/complicações , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The objective of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the results of 2 versions of laparoscopic ileal interposition (II) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and body mass index of 21-34 kg/m(2). METHODS: The laparoscopic procedures were prospectively and randomly performed in 38 patients. Of the 38 patients, 18 underwent the first version (II-SG) and 20 underwent the second version in which a diversion of the second portion of the duodenum was applied (II-DSG) and a segment of ileum was interposed into the proximal duodenum. The groups were comparable regarding age (56 and 50 years); gender (13 men and 5 women and 14 men and 6 women); weight (78 and 86 kg); mean BMI (27 and 29 kg/m(2)); duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (10.1 and 9.2 years); the presence of dyslipidemia (12 and 8 patients), micro- and macroalbuminuria (9 and 9 patients), hypertension (8 and 15 patients), and retinopathy (5 and 8 patients); and the use of antidiabetic medications and the hemoglobin A1c level (8.6% and 8.4%). All patients were followed up for >or=2 years. RESULTS: The mean hospital stay was 3.4 days for the II-SG and 3.5 days for the II-DSG group. No patient required reoperation. All patients in both groups achieved lower levels of hemoglobin A1c. In the II-SG group, the mean hemoglobin A1c level was 6.35% (range 4.9-8.1). In the II-DSG group, the mean hemoglobin A1c level was 5.39% (range 4.2-6.5%). The mean BMI decreased in both groups to 22.2 kg/m(2) in the II-SG group and 22.7 kg/m(2) in the II-DSG group. Normal cholesterol levels (<200 mg/dL) were observed in 95% of the II-SG group and 100% of the II-DSG group. The triglycerides were lower than 150 mg/dL in 73% of the II-SG group and 90% of the II-DSG group after 24 months. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic II-SG and II-DSG were safe and effective operations for controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus in a nonobese (BMI 21-34 kg/m(2)) population.