RESUMO
In the spring of 1766 a black supervisor in Curaçao was the victim of attempted poisoning by a black practitioner or curador, engaged by two persons caught stealing by the supervisor. Data on the case were preserved in a letter from the Curaçao director to the managers of the West-Indian Company in Amsterdam. In retrospect, the symptoms of the intoxication indicate that a similar mixture of toxic plants was used as described in 890 A.D. by the Arabic medical writer Wahshiya in his 'Book of Poisons': Calotropis procera and Pithecellobium unguis cati.
Assuntos
Intoxicação por Plantas/história , História do Século XVIII , Humanos , Látex/história , Látex/toxicidade , Masculino , Antilhas Holandesas , Plantas Tóxicas/intoxicação , Venenos/históriaRESUMO
In a previous communication we showed (Statius van Eps et al., Abstracts, III Intr. Cong. Nephrology, Washington, 1966; Clinica Chimica Acta, March 1970) that renal concentrating capacity of sickle cell anaemia (SS(+F)) patients older than 10 years fall into a very narrow range of 434 mosm. (S.D.21). There is no further decline with advancing age. Young sickle cell trait (AS) patients can concentrate their urine normally; a progressive decline with age is observed, reaching ultimately the fixed maximum of the SS group. Patients with sickle cell haemoglobin C disease (SC) demonstrate a comparable, progressively declining renal concentrating ability with advancing age. However, they have a more pronounced depression, when compared with the AS group. To investigate the anatomical basis of these abnormalities, 63 postmortal normal and sickle cell kidneys were examined by a micro-rotgen-angiographic technique employing a P.W. 1008 X-ray diffraction Generator of Philips, Micropaque being injected into the renal arteries up to a max. pressure of 110 mm Hg. Serial sections of these kidneys were made afterward for histological examination. In on SS(+F) kidney, 42 years with 13 percentHb F, reduced number of vasa recta, spiralling and loss of bundle architecture were salient features. In 4 AS kidneys 28, 37, 49 and 82 years old, and one SC kidney, 5 years old, comparable but less conspicuous changes in vasa recta architecture were observed, dilation being negligible. These intermediate forms stand, in regard to medullary pathology, half way between the normal and the SS (+F) pattern. The obliteration of vasa recta, suggested by the micro-angiograms, was confirmed by serial histological examination. These findings suggest that the basic lesion in sickle cell nephropathy is obliteration of vasa recta leading to the observed abnormalities in concentrating function, as these vessels form an intrinsic part of the counter current multiplication system of the long loops of henle (AU)