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Resumo Introdução O brincar é uma importante ocupação infantil e sua avaliação deve fazer parte do processo terapêutico para analisar o desempenho ocupacional da criança e planejar intervenções embasadas nessa ocupação. A Avaliação do Brincar de Faz de Conta Iniciado pela Criança (ChIPPA) já foi traduzida, adaptada transculturalmente e validada para a população brasileira. Objetivo Realizar uma revisão do escopo sobre a ChIPPA e identificar como tem sido descrita e abordada na literatura nacional e internacional. Método Entre janeiro e junho de 2021, foi realizada a busca dos artigos nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, BVS, ERIC, CINAHL, Web of Science e PsycInfo, usando estratégias de busca com diferentes sintaxes de acordo com o método de cada base: Chippa OR "Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment", ChIPPA OR "Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment" OR "Avaliação do faz de conta iniciado pela criança", Chippa OR "Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment" AND Publication Type: Journal. Resultados Foram localizados 25 artigos, entre 2000 e 2021, envolvendo 971 crianças entre 3 e 12 anos de idade, com desenvolvimento típico e atípico, desenvolvidos em estudos analíticos observacionais (transversais e de coorte) e experimentais; metodológicos (validação do instrumento e de adaptação cultural de instrumento); e descritivos. Conclusão A ChiPPA tem sido descrita na literatura como uma avaliação que permite correlacionar o faz de conta e as habilidades verbais, sociais, acadêmicas e de processamento sensorial de pré-escolares. É uma medida de desfecho eficaz, válida e confiável, permitindo avaliar crianças típicas e atípicas em diferentes contextos e países, inclusive no Brasil.
Abstract Introduction Playing is an important child occupation, and its assessment should be part of the therapeutic process to analyze the child's occupational performance and plan interventions based on this occupation. The Child-Initiated Play Make-A-Play Assessment (ChIPPA) has already been translated, cross-culturally adapted, and validated for the Brazilian population. Objective To review the scope of ChIPPA and identify how it has been described and addressed in national and international literature. Method Between January and June 2021, articles were searched in the PubMed, Scopus, BVS, ERIC, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycInfo databases, using search strategies with different syntaxes according to the method of each. basis: Chippa OR "Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment", ChIPPA OR "Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment" OR "Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment" OR "Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment", Chippa OR "Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment" AND Publication Type: Journal. Results 25 articles were found, between 2000 and 2021, 971 children between 3 and 12 years of age, with typical and atypical development, developed in analytical observational (cross-sectional and cohort) and experimental studies; methodological (validation of the instrument and cultural adaptation of the instrument); and descriptive. Conclusion The ChiPPA has been described in the literature as an assessment that allows correlating pretend to play with preschoolers' verbal, social, academic, and sensory processing skills. It is a practical, valid, and reliable outcome measure, allowing the assessment of typical and atypical children in different contexts and countries, including Brazil.
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INTRODUCTION: Play is an indication of children's development and how they function. In occupational therapy it is regarded as an important occupation of childhood. Assessment of a child's play should be included in the test batteries of occupational therapists, who understand the construct validity of the assessment they have chosen. Our aim was to provide evidence of reliability, internal consistency and hypotheses testing of the construct validity of the cross-culturally adapted version of the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment. METHODS: Two hundred typically developing Brazilian children aged 3 years were evaluated individually using the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment. RESULTS: The internal consistency showed a Cronbach's alpha coefficient to Percentage of Pretend Play Actions (PEPA) of 0.86 and NOS of 0.81. There were significant differences between the younger children (aged 36-41 months) and the older children (aged 42-47 months) for elaborate play across both conventional-imaginative play (p = .002), symbolic play (p = .012), and the combined score (p = .005). There were significant differences between younger and older girls for elaborate play with symbolic play materials (p = .009) and elaborate play overall (p = .039). There were significant differences between young and older boys for elaborate play with conventional toys (p = .006) and elaborate play overall (p = .025). There were no significant differences for object substitution or imitated actions. CONCLUSION: The measurement properties of the cross-culturally adapted version of the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment for 3-year-old Brazilian children identified evidence for response processes, internal structure, with discussion of consequences of testing for 3-year-old Brazilian children.
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Terapia Ocupacional/métodos , Jogos e Brinquedos , Fatores Etários , Creches , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Competência Cultural , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Terapia Ocupacional/normas , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Apresenta-se um modelo alternativo de estágio em terapia ocupacional desenvolvido na Deakin University - Austrália, denominado Ocupação, bem-estar e satisfação de vida - Occupation, wellness and life-satisfaction (OWLS). O OWLS oferece, aos estudantes, a oportunidade de atuação em contextos não tradicionais, permitindo um aprendizado estratégico em ambientes não clínicos, incluindo o trabalho com outros profissionais não-terapeutas ocupacionais e com diferentes culturas de trabalho e práticas, em resposta a lacunas identificadas na comunidade. Favorece oportunidades para desenvolver habilidades, tais como: a promoção da saúde, avaliação e educação em saúde e intervenção em escolas, melhorando, assim, a saúde e o bem-estar da comunidade. O programa tem contribuído para o desenvolvimento de novos projetos, com resultados positivos alcançados pelos estudantes, representando uma importante estratégia de ensino para capacitação do profissional de terapia ocupacional, ampliando, assim, a área de atuação.
An alternative training model within occupational therapy developed at Deakin University, in Australia, named Occupation, Wellness and Life-Satisfaction (OWLS) is presented. OWLS provides students with opportunities to practice in nontraditional settings, thus enabling strategic learning in non-clinical settings, including working with professionals who are not occupational therapists and with different work cultures and practices, in response to gaps identified within the community. It promotes opportunities for developing skills such as health promotion, health education and assessment and interventions in schools, thus improving the health and wellbeing of the community. The program has contributed towards development of new projects, with positive results achieved by students, thereby representing an important educational strategy for professional occupational therapy training and expanding the field of activities.
La propuesta es presentar un modelo alternativo de formación en terapia ocupacional de la Universidad de Deakin - Australia, llamado Ocupación, bienestar y satisfacción con la vida - Occupation, Wellness and Life-Satisfaction (OWLS). OWLS ofrece a los estudiantes la oportunidad de practicar en lugares no que permite aprendizaje estratégico en entornos no clínicos, incluyendo el trabajo con profesionales no terapeutas ocupacionales, con culturas y prácticas diferentes, en respuesta a las lagunas identificadas en la comunidad. Promueve oportunidades para desarrollar habilidades, como promoción de la salud, educación sanitaria y evaluación e intervención en las escuelas, mejorando así la salud y el bienestar de la comunidad. El programa ha contribuído al desarrollo de nuevos proyectos, con resultados positivos, lo que representa una importante estratégia educativa para la formación profesional en terapia ocupacional, por lo tanto de aumento de la zona de actuacion.
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Terapia Ocupacional , Terapia Ocupacional/tendências , AustráliaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been reported to have play deficits, which can cause problems in occupational development. The aim of this paper was to report research findings on children with ADHD and typically developing children in relation to preference of play partners, play places, toys and type of play. METHODS: Thirty-two school aged children from low socioeconomic status were divided into two groups. One group of 16 children with ADHD were matched with 16 typically developing children. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences between the two groups in relation to play partners, with classmates being the most frequent play partner for both groups. There were significant differences between the two groups in preferred place to play. Children with ADHD preferred to play in school and typically developing children preferred to play on the street. There were significant differences in relation to toys and type of play engaged in with children with ADHD preferring educational materials and typically developing children preferring electronic games. These findings add to knowledge of Brazilian children with ADHD and their play preferences. Comparisons are made with research with Australian children with and without ADHD.
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Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Jogos e Brinquedos , Brasil , Criança , Comportamento Infantil , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Masculino , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Play is an indication of a children's development. Purpose. Organize a culturally adapt the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment to Brazilian population. METHOD: Translation and cultural adaptation procedures consisted of translation, synthesis, back translation, author's approval, and pretest of the assessment. For the pretest, 14 typically developing children were assessed. Was evaluated the use of play materials, duration of the assessment, and reliability. FINDINGS: Play materials and duration of the assessment were appropriate for Brazilian children. Analysis of intra-rater reliability showed good agreement ranging from 0.90 to 1.00. Inter-rater reliability showed good to moderate agreement for five items ranging from 0.76 to 0.59. Four items showed chance to poor agreement (rho = -0.13 to 0.50). IMPLICATIONS: Results of the pretest indicate the Brazilian version of the ChlPPA is potentially useful for Brazilian children. ChlPPA training in Portuguese in Brazil with play observation feedback is recommended to improve inter-rater reliability.
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Competência Cultural , Terapia Ocupacional/métodos , Jogos e Brinquedos , Brasil/etnologia , Canadá , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de SaúdeRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Evaluate self-initiated pretend play of children with cerebral palsy. METHOD: Twenty preschool children participated in the study. Pretend play ability was measured by using the child-initiated pretend play assessment culturally adapted to Brazil. RESULTS: There were significant negative correlations between the children's motor severity level and their elaborateness of play with conventional-imaginative and symbolic play materials and a number of object substitutions in symbolic play. This indicated that children with greater motor limitations had diminished play ability. In this sample, 35% of the children showed typical play styles, identified by good scores in elaborate pretend play actions, number of object substitutions, and ability to self-initiate play, whereas 65% showed delay in their play. IMPLICATIONS: The type of pretend play deficits that might be expected in children with cerebral palsy were described. Furthermore, suggested directions for therapeutic intervention to enhance pretend play performance in cerebral palsy children were proposed.