RESUMO
Abstract Introduction Ultrasound used in diathermic therapies aims to achieve temperatures between 40 and 45 °C, since temperatures above 45 °C are known to cause tissue necrosis and burns. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of therapeutic ultrasound in the presence of metallic implants, using phantoms (test samples) and in vivo and ex vivo animal models. In most of these studies, the ultrasound probe is fixed in one area, while in clinical practice, it is recommended that it be moved to avoid possible local overheating. Objective To analyze the thermal field at the muscle-bone interface in phantoms in the presence or absence of metallic implants after the application of therapeutic ultrasound. Methods Phantoms composed of layers simulating fat and muscle, and a layer of beef rib bone, with and without a titanium metallic implant, were prepared. The experiment involved different intensities (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 W/cm2) and exposure times (5 and 10 minutes), common in clinics, with linear scanning of the probe. Results The experiments indicated that the muscle/implant interface heated less than the muscle/bone interface, especially at intensities of 1.5 and 2.0 W/cm2, after 5 and 10 minutes of treatment. Conclusion The results suggest the possibility of using therapeutic ultrasound in patients with metallic implants, encouraging future research to develop evidence-based protocols and safe recommendations in physiotherapy.
Resumo Introdução O ultrassom utilizado em terapias diatérmicas visa atingir temperaturas entre 40 e 45 °C, sabendo-se que temperaturas acima de 45 °C podem causar necrose tecidual e queimaduras. Muitas pesquisas têm sido realizadas para estudar o efeito do ultrassom terapêutico na presença de implantes metálicos, utilizando phantoms (corpos de prova) e animais in vivo e ex vivo. Na maioria dessas pesquisas, o cabeçote ultrassônico está fixo em uma área, enquanto que na prática clínica recomenda-se que ele seja movimentado para evitar eventuais sobreaquecimentos locais. Objetivo Analisar o campo térmico na interface músculo-osso em phantoms na presença ou ausência de implantes metálicos após a aplicação do ultrassom terapêutico. Métodos Foram elaborados phantoms compostos de camadas simuladoras de gordura e músculo e de uma camada de osso de costela bovina, sendo esta com e sem implante metálico de titânio. O experimento envolveu diferentes intensidades (1.0, 1.5 e 2.0 W/cm2) e tempos de exposição (5 e 10 minutos) comuns em clínica, com varredura linear do cabeçote. Resultados Os experimentos indicaram que a interface músculo/implante aqueceu menos do que a interface músculo/osso, especialmente nas intensidades de 1.5 e 2.0 W/cm2, após 5 e 10 minutos de tratamento. Conclusão Os resultados obtidos apontam para a possibilidade de utilização do ultrassom terapêutico em pacientes com implantes metálicos, incentivando pesquisas futuras para desenvolver protocolos baseados em evidências e recomendações seguras na fisioterapia.
RESUMO
Ticks are vectors for several pathogens, including bacteria belonging to the Rickettsia genus, such as Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia parkeri, the causative agents of spotted fever. The aim of the present study was to investigate the tick species richness and rickettsial agents associated with wild birds captured in the Humaita Forest Reserve, Acre, in the Western Amazon region. Wild birds were captured with ornithological nets for visual inspection with the purpose of collecting ticks, which were identified through morphological analyses and molecular tests for several genes (12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, gltA, ompA, and sca4). A total of 607 wild birds were captured, 12% of which were parasitized by 268 ticks of the Amblyomma genus, with new host-parasite associations reported for Amblyomma calcaratum, Amblyomma geayi, Amblyomma longirostre, Amblyomma naponense, Amblyomma nodosum, and Amblyomma varium. Of the total ticks collected, 113 were tested for the presence of rickettsial DNA fragments, with 19 testing positive for R. parkeri in A. geayi, Rickettsia tamurae-like in Amblyomma sp., and Rickettsia amblyommatis in A. geayi, A. longirostre, and Amblyomma sp. We detected R. tamurae-like in Amblyomma larvae for the first time in the Western Brazilian Amazon biome, and registered spotted fever group rickettsiae, although the relevance of the detected species in a public health context should be further explored in South America, as well as new host-parasite interactions in this underexplored region.
Assuntos
Ixodidae , Rickettsia , Rickettsiose do Grupo da Febre Maculosa , Infestações por Carrapato , Carrapatos , Animais , Carrapatos/microbiologia , Ixodidae/microbiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infestações por Carrapato/epidemiologia , Infestações por Carrapato/veterinária , Infestações por Carrapato/parasitologia , Rickettsia/genética , Animais Selvagens , Rickettsiose do Grupo da Febre Maculosa/veterinária , Amblyomma/genética , Aves , DNA RibossômicoRESUMO
O uso de redes de neblina é um método altamente utilizado entre os pesquisadores devido a sua eficiência na captura de aves e morcegos. No entanto, os animais presos ficam vulneráveis à ação de predadores. Durante a realização de três estudos ornitológicos realizados em um fragmento florestal no sudoeste da Amazônia, foram registrados 15 eventos de predação, com taxa de predação de 1,5%. Entre os predadores, 26,7% (n = 4) dos casos foram relacionados com primatas, 13,3% (n = 2) relacionados com formigas de correição, 13,3% (n = 2) relacionados com uma espécie de gavião não identificado e em 46,7% (n = 7) dos casos os predadores não foram identificados. Evitar o acesso de predadores às redes de neblina e diminuir o tempo de monitoramento das redes são algumas das medidas que podem evitar estes eventos.
The use of mist nets is a highly used method among researchers due to their efficiency in capture birds and bats. However, trapped animals are vulnerable to predator action. During three ornithological studies carried out in a forest fragment from southwest Amazonia, we recorded 15 predation events, with predation rate of 1.5%. Among predators, 26.7% (n = 4) of the cases were related to primates, 13.3% (n = 2) related to army ants, 13.3% (n = 2) related to an unidentified hawk species and in 46.7% (n = 7) of the cases the predators did not identified. Preventing predator access to mist nets and reducing network monitoring time are some of the measures that can prevent these events.
Assuntos
Animais , Aves , Cadeia Alimentar , Comportamento Animal , HaplorrinosRESUMO
This study aimed to expand knowledge about tick parasitism on wild birds in western Amazonia and provide additional records of species parasitized by ticks in the state of Acre. Birds were captured with mist nets from September 2016 to February 2017 at the Fazenda Experimental Catuaba, in Senador Guiomard, Acre State, Brazil, identified, and thoroughly inspected. Detected ticks were removed with tweezers, stored in labeled collectors containing 70% alcohol, and identified using a stereomicroscope with incident lighting and taxonomic keys at the Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo. In total, 203 wild birds were captured, comprising nine orders and 24 families. Among them, 24 birds (11.82%) belonging to 13 species were parasitized by 44 ticks at different stages: 26 Amblyomma sp. larvae, 10 Amblyomma nodosum nymphs, four Amblyomma longirostre nymphs, and four Amblyomma humerale nymphs. This study reports for the first time nine new species of birds as hosts of ticks of the genus Amblyomma in the state of Acre, namely: Monasa nigrifrons, Hypocnemis subflava, Dendrocincla fuliginosa, Sittasomus griseicapillus, Xiphorhynchus guttatoides, Poecilotriccus latirostris, Hemitriccus flammulatus, Ramphotrigon megacephalum, and Turdus amaurochalinus. This study also records, for the first time, A. nodosum ticks parasitizing R. megacephalum and A. humerale parasitizing Momotusmomota, S. griseicapillus, and X. guttatoides.
O objetivo desse estudo foi ampliar o conhecimento sobre o parasitismo de carrapatos em aves silvestres na Amazônia Ocidental e fornecer registros adicionais de espécies de aves parasitadas por carrapatos no Estado do Acre. As aves foram capturadas com redes de neblina, durante os meses de setembro de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017 na Fazenda Experimental Catuaba, Senador Guiomard, Acre, identificadas e inspecionadas minuciosamente. Os carrapatos detectados foram removidos com auxílio de pinça e armazenados em coletores etiquetados, contendo álcool a 70% e identificados utilizando estereomicroscópio com iluminação incidente e chaves taxonômicas, no Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo. No total, 203 aves silvestres foram capturadas, compreendendo nove ordens e 24 famílias. Destas, 24 aves (11,82%), pertencentes à 13 espécies estavam parasitadas por 44 carrapatos em diferentes estágios: 26 larvas de Amblyomma sp., 10 ninfas de Amblyomma nodosum, quatro ninfas de Amblyomma longirostre e quatro ninfas de Amblyomma humerale. O presente estudo relata, pela primeira vez, nove novas espécies de aves como hospedeiras de carrapatos do gênero Amblyomma no Estado do Acre: Monasa nigrifrons, Hypocnemis subflava, Dendrocincla fuliginosa, Sittasomus griseicapillus, Xiphorhynchus guttatoides, Poecilotriccus latirostris, Hemitriccus flammulatus, Ramphotrigon megacephalum e Turdus amaurochalinus. O presente trabalho, registra pela primeira vez os carrapatos A. nodosum parasitando R. megacephalum e A. humerale parasitando Momotus momota, S. griseicapillus e X. guttatoides.
Assuntos
Animais , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Infestações por Carrapato/veterinária , Passeriformes/parasitologiaRESUMO
This study aimed to expand knowledge about tick parasitism on wild birds in western Amazonia and provide additional records of species parasitized by ticks in the state of Acre. Birds were captured with mist nets from September 2016 to February 2017 at the Fazenda Experimental Catuaba, in Senador Guiomard, Acre State, Brazil, identified, and thoroughly inspected. Detected ticks were removed with tweezers, stored in labeled collectors containing 70% alcohol, and identified using a stereomicroscope with incident lighting and taxonomic keys at the Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo. In total, 203 wild birds were captured, comprising nine orders and 24 families. Among them, 24 birds (11.82%) belonging to 13 species were parasitized by 44 ticks at different stages: 26 Amblyomma sp. larvae, 10 Amblyomma nodosum nymphs, four Amblyomma longirostre nymphs, and four Amblyomma humerale nymphs. This study reports for the first time nine new species of birds as hosts of ticks of the genus Amblyomma in the state of Acre, namely: Monasa nigrifrons, Hypocnemis subflava, Dendrocincla fuliginosa, Sittasomus griseicapillus, Xiphorhynchus guttatoides, Poecilotriccus latirostris, Hemitriccus flammulatus, Ramphotrigon megacephalum, and Turdus amaurochalinus. This study also records, for the first time, A. nodosum ticks parasitizing R. megacephalum and A. humerale parasitizing Momotusmomota, S. griseicapillus, and X. guttatoides.(AU)
O objetivo desse estudo foi ampliar o conhecimento sobre o parasitismo de carrapatos em aves silvestres na Amazônia Ocidental e fornecer registros adicionais de espécies de aves parasitadas por carrapatos no Estado do Acre. As aves foram capturadas com redes de neblina, durante os meses de setembro de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017 na Fazenda Experimental Catuaba, Senador Guiomard, Acre, identificadas e inspecionadas minuciosamente. Os carrapatos detectados foram removidos com auxílio de pinça e armazenados em coletores etiquetados, contendo álcool a 70% e identificados utilizando estereomicroscópio com iluminação incidente e chaves taxonômicas, no Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo. No total, 203 aves silvestres foram capturadas, compreendendo nove ordens e 24 famílias. Destas, 24 aves (11,82%), pertencentes à 13 espécies estavam parasitadas por 44 carrapatos em diferentes estágios: 26 larvas de Amblyomma sp., 10 ninfas de Amblyomma nodosum, quatro ninfas de Amblyomma longirostre e quatro ninfas de Amblyomma humerale. O presente estudo relata, pela primeira vez, nove novas espécies de aves como hospedeiras de carrapatos do gênero Amblyomma no Estado do Acre: Monasa nigrifrons, Hypocnemis subflava, Dendrocincla fuliginosa, Sittasomus griseicapillus, Xiphorhynchus guttatoides, Poecilotriccus latirostris, Hemitriccus flammulatus, Ramphotrigon megacephalum e Turdus amaurochalinus. O presente trabalho, registra pela primeira vez os carrapatos A. nodosum parasitando R. megacephalum e A. humerale parasitando Momotus momota, S. griseicapillus e X. guttatoides.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Infestações por Carrapato/veterinária , Passeriformes/parasitologiaRESUMO
O uso de redes de neblina é um método altamente utilizado entre os pesquisadores devido a sua eficiência na captura de aves e morcegos. No entanto, os animais presos ficam vulneráveis à ação de predadores. Durante a realização de três estudos ornitológicos realizados em um fragmento florestal no sudoeste da Amazônia, foram registrados 15 eventos de predação, com taxa de predação de 1,5%. Entre os predadores, 26,7% (n = 4) dos casos foram relacionados com primatas, 13,3% (n = 2) relacionados com formigas de correição, 13,3% (n = 2) relacionados com uma espécie de gavião não identificado e em 46,7% (n = 7) dos casos os predadores não foram identificados. Evitar o acesso de predadores às redes de neblina e diminuir o tempo de monitoramento das redes são algumas das medidas que podem evitar estes eventos.(AU)
The use of mist nets is a highly used method among researchers due to their efficiency in capture birds and bats. However, trapped animals are vulnerable to predator action. During three ornithological studies carried out in a forest fragment from southwest Amazonia, we recorded 15 predation events, with predation rate of 1.5%. Among predators, 26.7% (n = 4) of the cases were related to primates, 13.3% (n = 2) related to army ants, 13.3% (n = 2) related to an unidentified hawk species and in 46.7% (n = 7) of the cases the predators did not identified. Preventing predator access to mist nets and reducing network monitoring time are some of the measures that can prevent these events.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Aves , Comportamento Animal , Cadeia Alimentar , HaplorrinosRESUMO
The aim of this work was to describe an eyelid neoplasm in wild birds, since the veterinary literature has little information concerning the aspects of the oncologic clinic in wild species. In the clinical exam, it was observed a single mass in the upper right eyelid of the Pheugopedius genibarbis a, with rough surface, cauliflower aspect, of dark-red coloration . For the histopathological diagnosis, an incisional biopsy of the lesion was done , with the fragment fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin, processed by the method of inclusion in paraffin , cut to 4µm sections and stained with H&E . The histopathological findings revealed elongated dermal papillae covered by acanthotic epidermis, as well as thickness of the stratum spinosum . In the stratum spinosum, it was observed the presence of cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and nucleus slightly dislocated to the center of the cell, which increases in proportion when closer to the granular layer, an indication of hydropic degeneration , there were In the basal layer it is possible to notice the presence of the normal mitotic figures.. Based on the macro and microscopic characteristics, that neoplasm was diagnosed as an eyelid papilloma.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Neoplasias Palpebrais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Palpebrais/veterinária , Aves Canoras , Papiloma/veterinária , Pálpebras/patologiaRESUMO
The aim of this work was to describe an eyelid neoplasm in wild birds, since the veterinary literature has little information concerning the aspects of the oncologic clinic in wild species. In the clinical exam, it was observed a single mass in the upper right eyelid of the Pheugopedius genibarbis a, with rough surface, cauliflower aspect, of dark-red coloration . For the histopathological diagnosis, an incisional biopsy of the lesion was done , with the fragment fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin, processed by the method of inclusion in paraffin , cut to 4µm sections and stained with H&E . The histopathological findings revealed elongated dermal papillae covered by acanthotic epidermis, as well as thickness of the stratum spinosum . In the stratum spinosum, it was observed the presence of cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and nucleus slightly dislocated to the center of the cell, which increases in proportion when closer to the granular layer, an indication of hydropic degeneration , there were In the basal layer it is possible to notice the presence of the normal mitotic figures.. Based on the macro and microscopic characteristics, that neoplasm was diagnosed as an eyelid papilloma.