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BACKGROUND: Neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 have been widely documented in patients with severe neurological symptoms during the chronic or subacute phase of the disease. However, it remains unclear whether subclinical changes in brain metabolism can occur early in the acute phase of the disease. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify changes in brain metabolism in patients hospitalized for acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19 with no or mild neurological symptoms. RESULTS: Twenty-three non-intubated patients (13 women; mean age 55.5 ± 12.1 years) hospitalized with positive nasopharyngeal swab test (RT-PCR) for COVID-19, requiring supplemental oxygen and no or mild neurological symptoms were studied. Serum C-reactive protein measured at admission ranged from 6.43 to 189.0 mg/L (mean: 96.9 ± 54.2 mg/L). The mean supplemental oxygen demand was 2.9 ± 1.4 L/min. [18F]FDG PET/CT images were acquired with a median of 12 (4-20) days of symptoms. After visual interpretation of the images, semiquantitative analysis of [18F]FDG uptake in multiple brain regions was evaluated using dedicated software and the standard deviation (SD) of brain uptake in each region was automatically calculated in comparison with reference values of a normal database. Evolutionarily ancient structures showed positive SD mean values of [18F]FDG uptake. Lenticular nuclei were bilaterally hypermetabolic (> 2 SD) in 21/23 (91.3%) patients, and thalamus in 16/23 (69.6%), bilaterally in 11/23 (47.8%). About half of patients showed hypermetabolism in brainstems, 40% in hippocampi, and 30% in cerebellums. In contrast, neocortical regions (frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes) presented negative SD mean values of [18F]FDG uptake and hypometabolism (< 2 SD) was observed in up to a third of patients. Associations were found between hypoxia, inflammation, coagulation markers, and [18F]FDG uptake in various brain structures. CONCLUSIONS: Brain metabolism is clearly affected during the acute phase of COVID-19 respiratory syndrome in neurologically asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic patients. The most frequent finding is marked hypermetabolism in evolutionary ancient structures such as lenticular nucleus and thalami. Neocortical metabolism was reduced in up to one third of patients, suggesting a redistribution of brain metabolism from the neocortex to evolutionary ancient brain structures in these patients.
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INTRODUCTION: Computed tomography angiography (CTA) and ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) single photon emission computed tomography/CT (SPECT/CT) images have been widely used to detect PE, but few studies have performed a direct comparison between them. We aimed to evaluate the performance of these tests in the same group of patients, selected from the routine practice of a general hospital. METHODS: Patients with suspected acute PE were prospectively submitted to CTA and V/Q SPECT/CT. General radiologists and nuclear physicians, respectively, interpreted the images. Data regarding age, sex, time between examinations, symptoms, and Wells score were also recorded. The final diagnosis was decided through a consensus among the clinicians, taking into account clinical, laboratory, follow-up, and all imaging procedures data. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients (15 male, 13 female, and median age of 51.5 years) were studied. Median duration of the onset of symptoms was 4 (1-14) days, and the median Wells score was 3.5 (1.5-6). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy were 84.6%, 80.0%, 78.6%, 85.7%, and 82.1% for V/Q SPECT/CT, and 46.1%, 100%, 100%, 68.2%, and 75.0% for CTA. The overall agreement between the methods was 57.1%. Of the 22 patients with negative CTA, 10 (45.4%) had positives V/Q SPECT/CT and seven of them classified as true positives. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that V/Q SPECT/CT is more sensitive and accurate than CTA when interpreted by general radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians.
Assuntos
Tomografia Computadorizada Multidetectores , Embolia Pulmonar , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Relação Ventilação-Perfusão , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único/métodos , Angiografia , Doença Aguda , PerfusãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is a spinocerebellar ataxia, and osteoporosis is a multifactor disease that may affect patients with neurologic conditions. The frequency of osteoporosis among MJD patients, however, has not been studied. The purpose of this study is to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and identify correlations between clinical factors and frequency of vertebral fractures in patients with MJD. METHODS: Clinical data, lumbar X-rays and BMD data were obtained in 30 patients with MJD. RESULTS: Ten patients (33.3%) showed low BMD in at least one of the sites studied based on Z-scores. The Z-score correlated directly with body mass index, and the femoral neck Z-score was inversely correlated with cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) expansion. There was no correlation between BMD and other clinical factors. Forty-three percent of the patients reported previous pathologic fractures. Five patients (16.7%) had at least one fracture detected by lumbar X-ray. CONCLUSION: Low BMD and fractures are frequent among MJD patients, and careful management of BMD may be beneficial for these patients.
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Fistula development is a serious complication after bariatric surgery. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of fistula closure and complications associated with endoscopic stent treatment of fistulas, developed after bariatric surgeries, particularly Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and gastric sleeve (GS). Studies involving patients with fistula after RYGB or GS and those who received stent treatment only were selected. The analyzed outcomes were overall success rate of fistula closure, mean number of stents per patient, mean stent dwelling time, and procedure-associated complications. Current evidence from identified studies demonstrates that, in selected patients, endoscopic stent treatment of fistulas after GS or RYGB can be safe and effective.
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Cirurgia Bariátrica , Fístula do Sistema Digestório/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Stents , Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversos , Cirurgia Bariátrica/instrumentação , Humanos , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgiaRESUMO
Metastasis is an infrequent cause of tumor involvement of the major duodenal papilla and of cholestasis. We report a case of obstructive jaundice due to a metastatic breast carcinoma to the major duodenal papilla, and assess curative and palliative treatment that interventional endoscopy can offer.
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Ampola Hepatopancreática , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Lobular/secundário , Neoplasias Duodenais/secundário , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Metastasis is an infrequent cause of tumor involvement of the major duodenal papilla and of cholestasis. We report a case of obstructive jaundice due to a metastatic breast carcinoma to the major duodenal papilla, and assess curative and palliative treatment that interventional endoscopy can offer.
La metástasis es una causa infrecuente de compromiso de la papila mayor y colestasis. Reportamos una causa rara de ictericia causada por metástasis de cáncer de mama en la papilla mayor duodenal.
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Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ampola Hepatopancreática , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Lobular/secundário , Neoplasias Duodenais/secundárioAssuntos
Ampola Hepatopancreática , Anemia Ferropriva , Angiodisplasia , Doenças do Ducto Colédoco , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal , Idoso , Anemia Ferropriva/etiologia , Angiodisplasia/complicações , Angiodisplasia/diagnóstico , Angiodisplasia/cirurgia , Doença Crônica , Doenças do Ducto Colédoco/complicações , Doenças do Ducto Colédoco/diagnóstico , Doenças do Ducto Colédoco/cirurgia , Feminino , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Gastroscopia , HumanosAssuntos
Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Ampola Hepatopancreática , Anemia Ferropriva , Angiodisplasia , Doenças do Ducto Colédoco , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal , Anemia Ferropriva/etiologia , Angiodisplasia/complicações , Angiodisplasia/diagnóstico , Angiodisplasia/cirurgia , Doença Crônica , Doenças do Ducto Colédoco/complicações , Doenças do Ducto Colédoco/diagnóstico , Doenças do Ducto Colédoco/cirurgia , Gastroscopia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologiaRESUMO
Introdução: A maioria das massas mediastinais é assintomática. Pela importância das estruturas vasculares e linfáticas da região, bem como o difícil acesso, a ecoendoscopia tornou-se importante aliado na caracterização de massas e obtenção de material para estudo histopatológico. Métodos: Realizou-se análise retrospectiva de ecoendoscopias do mediastino realizadas em 2005, no Serviço de Endoscopia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, e que apresentavam o diagnóstico de massa ou presença de linfonodos mediastinais. Em todos os pacientes procedeu-se a ecopunção com obtenção de microfragmentos. Resultados: Foram avaliados 25 pacientes, 10 (40%) homens e 15 (60%) mulheres, com idade média de 51,72 anos. Do total de exames, em 21 (84%) obteve-se diagnóstico histológico, diagnosticando-se neoplasia em 12 (48%), com seis (24%) lesões inflamatórias, das quais uma linfadenopatia reativa, em dois, antracose, uma necrase inespecífica e duas granulomatosas. Foram observados três (12%) casos com tecido normal. Em quatro (16%) casos o material foi insuficiente para o diagnóstico. Conclusão: A ecoendoscopia apresentou-se como método satisfatório na obtenção de material para análise histopatológica de massas mediastinais.
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Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Endossonografia/métodos , Doenças do Mediastino , Mediastinoscopia , Biópsia , Sedação Consciente , Imuno-Histoquímica , Midazolam , Propofol , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJETIVOS: Determinar a prevalência de obesidade e sua associaçäo com hipertensäo arterial sistêmica (HAS), dislipidemias (DL), diabetes mellitus (DM) e outros fatores de risco cardiovascular. CASUíSTICA E MÉTODOS: Estudo de delineamento transversal de 1039 adultos >18 anos da regiäo urbana, amostragem aleatória em estágios múltiplos e conglomerados. Os dados foram obtidos no domicílio, através de questionário, avaliaçäo clínica e coleta de sangue para análise laboratorial. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de obesidade (IMC >30kg/m2) foi de 17,8 por cento (IC95 por cento 15,5-20,1), enquanto que a obesidade abdominal (CA >102cm e >88cm para homens e mulheres, respectivamente) esteve presente em 35,1 por cento (IC95 por cento32,2-38) dos entrevistados. A obesidade foi mais freqüente entre as mulheres - 20,2 por cento do que entre os homens - 15,2 por cento (p= 0,01) e apresentou associaçäo positiva com a idade (p= 0,05), sedentarismo (p= 0,02), HAS (p< 0,001) e DL (p= 0,005). Nos pacientes com e sem excesso de gordura abdominal as freqüências de HAS, DM e DL foram respectivamente de: 57,7 por cento / 32,0 por cento (p< 0,001), 11,8 por cento / 6,4 por cento (p= 0,03) e 32,2 por cento / 24,1 por cento (p= 0,005). CONCLUSöES: A obesidade foi mais freqüente entre as mulheres e aumentou com o avançar da idade. Os indivíduos com obesidade e/ou excesso de gordura abdominal apresentaram maior prevalência de HAS, DM e DL em relaçäo aos pacientes eutróficos.