RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate how attachment style has been studied in children with chronic disease in the scientific literature, and what repercussions this attachment has on this population. DATA SOURCES: An integrative review of the literature was carried out from a survey in the LILACS, MEDLINE and SciELO databases, including original national and international publications in Portuguese, Spanish and English from 2007 to 2018, using the descriptors "apego" and "criança" in the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS), and "attachment" and "children" for the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Sixteen (16 articles) were obtained for the sample analysis. DATA SYNTHESIS: The chronic diseases found in the research were neurobehavioral disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism, childhood obesity, and chronic migraine. The predominant attachment style was insecurity, which could compromise the biopsychosocial development of the child. CONCLUSIONS: The type of attachment between child and primary caregiver may be considered a protective or risk factor for child development. Considering this premise, it is important to equip/inform families based on dialogic educational practices, in which professionals create opportunities and means for families to develop their skills and competencies, and acquire resources which meet the child's needs. It is important that this professional helps the family to build secure bases for their child with chronic disease, understanding that the main focus for promoting child development is in the family unit.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil , Apego ao Objeto , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Criança , Doença Crônica/psicologia , Humanos , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/psicologia , Relações Mãe-Filho , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/psicologia , Obesidade/psicologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate how attachment style has been studied in children with chronic disease in the scientific literature, and what repercussions this attachment has on this population. Data sources: An integrative review of the literature was carried out from a survey in the LILACS, MEDLINE and SciELO databases, including original national and international publications in Portuguese, Spanish and English from 2007 to 2018, using the descriptors "apego" and "criança" in the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS), and "attachment" and "children" for the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Sixteen (16 articles) were obtained for the sample analysis. Data synthesis: The chronic diseases found in the research were neurobehavioral disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism, childhood obesity, and chronic migraine. The predominant attachment style was insecurity, which could compromise the biopsychosocial development of the child. Conclusions: The type of attachment between child and primary caregiver may be considered a protective or risk factor for child development. Considering this premise, it is important to equip/inform families based on dialogic educational practices, in which professionals create opportunities and means for families to develop their skills and competencies, and acquire resources which meet the child's needs. It is important that this professional helps the family to build secure bases for their child with chronic disease, understanding that the main focus for promoting child development is in the family unit.
RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar, na literatura científica, de que forma o estilo de apego tem sido estudado nas crianças com doença crônica e as repercussões dessa vinculação nessa população. Fonte de dados: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura por meio de um levantamento nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) e Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online (SciELO) incluindo publicações originais nacionais e internacionais, em português, espanhol e inglês, no período de 2007 a 2018, utilizando-se os descritores apego e criança nos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) e attachment e children para o Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Foi obtida uma amostra de 16 artigos para análise. Síntese dos dados: As doenças crônicas encontradas na pesquisa foram os distúrbios neurocomportamentais, como transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) e autismo, obesidade infantil e enxaqueca crônica. O estilo de apego predominante foi o inseguro, o que pode comprometer o desenvolvimento biopsicossocial dessa criança. Conclusões: O tipo de vinculação entre criança e cuidador primário pode ser considerado um fator de proteção ou risco para o desenvolvimento infantil. Haja vista essa premissa, é fundamental a instrumentalização das famílias baseada em práticas educativas dialógicas, nas quais os profissionais criam oportunidades e meios para que os familiares desenvolvam suas habilidades e competências e adquiram recursos que atendam às necessidades da criança. É importante que esse profissional auxilie a família a construir bases seguras para a criança com doença crônica, entendendo que é na unidade familiar que está o principal foco de promoção do desenvolvimento infantil.