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The present study aimed to compare pain-related interference and pain-related distress in patients with musculoskeletal pain and differing levels of health literacy. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 243 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults classified the level of health literacy. Outcome measures included pain-related interference (pain intensity and functional limitation) and pain-related distress (psychosocial factors). Analysis of variance methods were used. One hundred twenty-three (50.62%) participants were classified as adequate, 24 (9.88%) as marginal and 96 (39.50%) as inadequate health literacy. Patients with inadequate health literacy had higher values of pain severity compared to the other groups, when controlled for age. The group adequate health literacy showed less kinesiophobia compared to their counterparts. Functional limitations and other psychosocial factors were similar among groups. Pain severity and kinesiophobia had disadvantageous findings in participants with inadequate health literacy. Still, the results of pain severity must be approached cautiously because the differences were observed when controlled for age solely.

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Neste estudo relatamos a implementação do ensino do palhaço como conteúdo nas aulas de Educação Física numa turma de 8.º ano de Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública, na qual participaram 30 alunos de 12-17 anos (13 meninas e 17 meninos). As aulas ocorreram duas vezes por semana, num total de dez, ministradas por dois professores monitores, orientados por um professor orientador local e um professor orientador especialista em palhaçaria. Nas aulas pesquisou-se o imaginário dos alunos sobre circo e palhaço; foram propostos jogos que buscaram o riso, exposições sobre quatro palhaços brasileiros, atividades que buscaram a conexão entre os participantes do estudo, acrobacias cômicas e uma avaliação final com desenhos. Essa experiência aponta que é possível ensinar a palhaçaria nas aulas de Educação Física.

In this study we report the implementation of clowning as a content in Physical Education classes in an 8th grade class in a public school, in which 30 students aged 12-17 years (13 girls and 17 boys) participated. The classes took place twice a week, in a total of ten, taught by two monitors, guided by a local mentor teacher and a mentor teacher specialized in clowning. In the classes we researched the students' imaginary about circus and clown; we proposed games that sought laughter, exhibitions about four Brazilian clowns, activities that sought connection among the participants of the study, comical acrobatics and a final evaluation with drawings. This experience points out that it is possible to teach clowning in Physical Education classes.

En este estudio relatamos la implementación de la enseñanza del payaso como contenido en clases de Educación Física en una clase de 8º de Primaria de un colegio público, en la que participaron 30 alumnos con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 17 años (13 chicas y 17 chicos). As clases ocorreram duas vezes por semana, em um total de dez, ministradas por dois monitores, orientados por um professor mentor local e um professor mentor especializado em payaso. En las clases, se investigó el imaginario de los alumnos sobre el circo y el payaso; se propusieron juegos que buscaban la risa, exposiciones sobre cuatro payasos brasileños, actividades que buscaban la conexión entre los participantes del estudio, acrobacias cómicas y una evaluación final con dibujos. Esta experiencia señala que es posible enseñar clown en las clases de Educación Física.

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BACKGROUND: Owing to the scarcity of studies related to the use of soursop (Annona muricata L.) in the elaboration of craft beers, this study aimed to elaborate a soursop fruit beer using an artisanal method. METHODS: To determine the most favorable moment for the inclusion of the fruit, the soursop pulp was added experimentally in three stages of the process: during the boiling of the wort (C01); on the 3rd day of fermentation (C02); during carbonation, with the use of soursop extract (C03). These treatments were submitted to a preliminary sensory evaluation and C02 was considered the best beer with regards to taste, color, aroma, formation and persistence of the head and clarity. Thus, C02 was evaluated with regards to its physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics. RESULTS: The soursop fruit beer had the following characteristics: density of 1,012; pH 3.62; SSC 6.5oBrix, alcohol content 4.3 ABV; bitterness 39.3 IBU; and color 7.15 EBC. The centesimal analysis indicated the following amounts: ash 0.2 g/100 g, lipids 0.02 g/100 g, proteins 0.14 g/100 g and, among minerals, Ca and Na predominated in the beverage. The attributes evaluated in the sensory analysis showed an acceptability index greater than 70%, and 74% of the tasters indicated that they would probably buy the beer. CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to produce a fruit beer with the addition of soursop pulp during fermentation which ensured the permanence of the sensory characteristics of the fruit.

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The Laguna Estuarine System (LES), southern Brazil, suffers impacts from anthropogenic activities, releasing contaminants into the ecosystem. This study evaluated changes in biochemical and molecular biomarkers and contaminants concentrations in oysters Crassostrea gasar transplanted and kept for 1.5 and 7 days at three potentially contaminated sites (S1, S2, and S3) at LES. Metals varied spatiotemporally; S1 exhibited higher Ag and Pb concentrations, whereas Cd was present in S3. S2 was a transition site, impacted by Ag, Pb, or Cd, depending on the period. Organic contaminants concentrations were higher before transplantation, resulting in the downregulation of biotransformation genes transcripts levels. Phase II-related genes transcripts and metals showed positive correlations. Decreased levels of HSP90-like transcripts and antioxidant enzymes activity were related to increased pollutant loads. Integrated biomarker response index (IBR) analysis showed S1 and S3 as the most impacted sites after 1.5 and 7 days, respectively. Regardless of the scenario, LES contaminants pose a significant threat to aquatic biota.

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Estuarine ecosystems are increasingly being affected by pollution caused by anthropogenic activities. In this study, Crassostrea gasar oysters were transplanted and maintained for seven days at three sites (S1, S2, and S3) in the Laguna Estuarine System (LES)-situated in southern Brazil-that has been exposed to multiple anthropic stresses. On the basis of the concentrations of metal and organic pollutants in oysters, we identified marked spatial variations in pollutant levels, with S3 showing the highest concentration of Ag, Fe, Ni, Zn, and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs), followed by S2 and S1. Along with the concentrations of pollutants, a set of biomarkers was analyzed. Oysters maintained at S3 showed enhanced protective defenses in gills, as observed by the increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD-like) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90-like) transcripts and catalase (CAT) activity, concomitant with reduced lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels. Decreased antioxidant activities together with increased MDA levels are indicative of the digestive gland being more susceptible to pollutant-induced oxidative damage. Oysters transplanted into LES showed lower levels of cytochrome P450 transcripts (CYP356A1-like and CYP2AU1), and decreased glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity, suggesting lower biotransformation capacity. By integrating information regarding the concentration of metal and organic pollutants with that of molecular as well as biochemical biomarkers, our study provides novel insights into pollutant exposure and the potential biological impacts of such exposure on estuarine organisms in southern Brazil.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a compreensão dos acadêmicos de medicina sobre o atendimento inicial a pacientes queimados, bem como o aprendizado sobre a temática ao longo do curso. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo realizado em uma instituição de ensino superior de Minas Gerais, por meio da aplicação de um questionário validado por Balan e colaboradores. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre março e outubro de 2020, com 92 acadêmicos do 1° ano e 45 acadêmicos do 6° ano de medicina. As análises foram realizadas no software R versão 4.0.3. Descritas por frequências absolutas e relativas, desvio-padrão, teste Exato de Fisher, teste Qui-quadrado e teste de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: Constatou-se que 6,67% dos acadêmicos do 6° ano acertaram acima de 80% das questões e 2,17% do 1° ano. A média de acertos, em porcentagem, no 6° ano foi 63,1±10,3 versus 47,0±16,9 no 1° ano. O tema de maior desconhecimento foi reanimação volêmica, cujo, 93,3% acadêmicos do 6° ano contra 96,7% no 1° ano erraram. O exame básico, cuidados iniciais, cálculo da superfície corporal queimada e triagem foram áreas do conhecimento com maior percentual de acerto no 6° ano: 93,3%, 85,6±25,3%, 80% e 85,2±19,5%, respectivamente, enquanto os do 1° ano tiveram menos acertos. CONCLUSÃO: Verificou-se, pelo presente trabalho, que apesar do aumento de acertos em comparação com o 1° ano, algumas condutas médicas iniciais necessárias aos pacientes queimados como reposição volêmica, cuidados locais e antibioticoterapia não são compreendidas pelos acadêmicos do 6° ano, na maior parte da amostra estudada.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the understanding of medical students about the initial care for burn patients, as well as learning about the theme throughout the course. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in a higher education institution in Minas Gerais, through the application of a questionnaire validated by Balan and collaborators. Data collection took place between March and October 2020, with 92 students from the 1st year and 45 students from the 6th year of medicine. The variables were presented by absolute and relative frequencies and standard deviation. RESULTS: It was found that 6.67% of the 6th grade students answered correctly above 80% of the questions and 2.17% of the 1st year. The average number of correct answers in the 6th year was 63.1±10.3 versus 47.0±16.9 in the 1st year. The theme of greatest ignorance was volemic resuscitation, whose 93.3% 6th graders against 96.7% in 1st grade missed. The basic exam, initial care, calculation of the burned body surface and screening were fields of knowledge with the greatest percentage of correct answers in the 6th year: 93.3%, 85.6±25.3%, 80%, and 85.2±19.5%, respectively, while those in the 1st year had less correct answers. CONCLUSION: It was found, in the study, that despite the increase in correct answers compared to the 1st year, some initial medical procedures necessary for burned patients, such as: volume replacement, local care and antibiotic therapy, are not understood by 6th graders, in most of the studied sample.

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