RESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate, via scanning electron microscopy, the micromorphology of the dentine walls of primary anterior teeth with focus on the presence of the smear layer after endodontic debridement and final irrigation with different systems. METHODS: Thirty primary maxillary anterior teeth were assigned to 3 groups according to the final irrigant solution. Group 1 received 1% sodium hypochlorite; Group 2 received 17% EDTA followed by 1% sodium hypochlorite; and Group 3 received 6% citric acid followed by 1% sodium hypochlorite. The canals were debrided using 1% sodium hypochlorite to a size 30 file, and the final irrigation was performed with one of the 3 irrigants as assigned. The teeth were prepared for examination of the canal walls by electron microscopy for the presence or absence of the smear layer. RESULTS: Group 1 had significantly higher scores for remaining smear layer than Groups 2 and 3 (P<.01), while Groups 2 and 3 presented similar smear layer score values. CONCLUSIONS: Sodium hypochlorite promoted the formation of a smear layer during shaping, and the use of EDTA and citric acid facilitated smear layer removal.
Assuntos
Ácido Cítrico/farmacologia , Ácido Edético/farmacologia , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/farmacologia , Preparo de Canal Radicular/métodos , Camada de Esfregaço , Dente Decíduo , Ácido Cítrico/administração & dosagem , Desbridamento , Cavidade Pulpar/efeitos dos fármacos , Cavidade Pulpar/ultraestrutura , Ácido Edético/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Maxila , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/administração & dosagem , Hipoclorito de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Hipoclorito de Sódio/farmacologia , Soluções/farmacologia , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Irrigação TerapêuticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Type II dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGIII) is an autosomal dominant dental development anomaly that affects both the primary and permanent dentition. CASE REPORT: This case report describes the clinical, radiographic and morphological characteristics of the teeth of a seven-year-old child with DGI-II determined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. TREATMENT: This consisted of extraction of the primary teeth with periapical lesions due to the advanced state of tooth resorption. Aesthetic restorations were performed on the mandibular anterior teeth and occlusal fissure sealants were applied to erupting teeth. A removable partial upper denture was made in order to return anterior aesthetic function and to aid mastication and speech. FOLLOW UP: The child was examined at 3 month intervals. Over the following 3 years the prosthesis was replaced due to facial growth and fluoride was applied at each follow-up visit to all teeth. The patient remains in follow up and management. CONCLUSION: Individuals with DGI-II must not neglect their dental health. Early diagnosis, professional advice and treatment with periodic follow-up can help improve the quality of life of such patients.
Assuntos
Dentinogênese Imperfeita/classificação , Criança , Dente Canino/anormalidades , Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Esmalte Dentário/ultraestrutura , Dentina/patologia , Dentina/ultraestrutura , Dentinogênese Imperfeita/patologia , Planejamento de Dentadura , Prótese Parcial Removível , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incisivo/anormalidades , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Doenças Periapicais/terapia , Extração Dentária , Reabsorção de Dente/terapia , Dente Decíduo/anormalidadesRESUMO
This work aimed at investigating the lipid profile of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients' sera and the effect of lipoproteins on the in vitro production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and IL-12 by Leishmania infantum-infected and uninfected macrophages. Lipids were quantified in 26 VL patients' sera and 26 healthy controls from a VL endemic area. The patients' sera had higher triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels, and much lower apolipoprotein A1, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels than the control sera. Lipoprotein fractions were obtained by ultracentrifugation of sera. The addition of LDL and HDL to Leishmania-infected and uninfected macrophages, in physiological concentrations, enhanced the production of IL-6 and IL-10, but not of IL-12. LDL stimulated the production of TNF-alpha only in infected macrophages, whereas HDL stimulated the production of lower amounts of TNF-alpha in both infected and uninfected macrophages. VLDL stimulated only the production of IL-10. It is proposed herein that LDL may influence the development of VL by promoting the production of TNF-alpha by infected macrophages. A decrease in plasma LDL in some VL patients (to 20 mg/mL or less); however, would tend to reduce the production of TNF-alpha and therefore to limit the development of immune-mediated pathology, not withstanding the fact that it would perhaps increase the permissiveness of macrophages to Leishmania growth.