RESUMO
Conjoined twins (CTs), popularly referred to as Siamese twins, are a rare anomaly due to monochorionic and monoamniotic twin pregnancies. Dicephalus dibrachius dipus, a type of parapagus conjoined twin which is characterized by possessing two arms, two legs, a single trunk and two heads, epidemiologically, is an even rarer occurrence of CTs. In this article, a rare, well-preserved anatomical specimen of a dicephalus dibrachius dipus conjoined twin is presented. This study was conducted in a specimen which is part of the collection of the Embryology Museum of the institution by donation and approved by the Research Ethics Committee (REC). The female conjoined twins were born at full-term by cesarean section in the 1970s and died hours after birth. A thorough anatomical description was made through observational analysis, computed tomography and 3D reconstructed images. Major abnormalities were observed in the cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive systems. The internal anatomy exhibited a heart with three atria, two ventricles, two aortic arches, two pulmonary arteries, one innominate venous trunk and a respiratory system with two tracheas and four lungs. No other report was similar to our three atria heart description. This article provides a thorough anatomical description of all systems, which is valuable information for further studies on CTs.
Assuntos
Gêmeos Unidos , Humanos , Gravidez , Feminino , Cesárea , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Imageamento TridimensionalRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Wound healing is a complex process that can leave pathological scars, especially in case of infections from opportunistic microorganisms. In this context, herbal medicines open up great possibilities for investigation. One of the species of interest native to Brazil is Garcinia brasiliensis ("bacupari"). Traditionally known for treating wounds and ulcers, G. brasiliensis presents anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobials properties. But, its wound healing profile in experimental models, in order to validate its efficacy, is still litle studied. AIM OF THE STUDY: Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate, in an infected cutanous wound model, the potential of formulations incorporated with G. brasiliensis leaves extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Crude extract (CE), Ethyl Acetate Fraction (EAF) and Hexanic Fraction (HF) were submitted to phytochemical assays, high performance thin layer chromatography (HTPLC) and cytotoxicity studies. CE and EAF were also tested for microbicidal properties and incorporated in cream and gel formulations at 10% concentration. After stability testing, the gel formulations with CE or EAF at 10% were selected and applied to skin wounds infected or not with Staphylococcus aureus in Wistar rats. The healing potenttial of the extracts was verified by the expression of the protein Annexin A1 (AnxA1), related to the processes of inflammation and antifibrotic function, the cells immunostaining for Gasdermin-D (GSDM-D), a marker of pyroptotic cell death, and the dosage of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 inflammatory mediators. RESULTS: Phytochemical studies indicated the presence of compounds of pharmacological interest, including Catechin, Quercetin and Berberine in addition to low cytotoxicity of CE and EAF at 10%. After the 6-day topical treatments, CE and EAF gel formulations demonstrated to control the pruritus formation process. The treatments decreased AnxA1 expression and the amount of cells immunostained for GSDM-D, and increased the expression of MCP-1 in infected wounds. CONCLUSIONS: Together, the results show important anti-inflammatory profile and skin healing potential of CE and EAF from G. brasiliensis leaves, even in infected lesions, with therapeutic perspectives.
Assuntos
Garcinia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/análise , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Folhas de Planta/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
Uveitis is one of the main causes of blindness worldwide, and therapeutic alternatives are worthy of study. We investigated the effects of piperlongumine (PL) and/or annexin A1 (AnxA1) mimetic peptide Ac2-26 on endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). Rats were inoculated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and intraperitoneally treated with Ac2-26 (200 µg), PL (200 and 400 µg), or Ac2-26 + PL after 15 min. Then, 24 h after LPS inoculation, leukocytes in aqueous humor, mononuclear cells, AnxA1, formyl peptide receptor (fpr)1, fpr2, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 were evaluated in the ocular tissues, along with inflammatory mediators in the blood and macerated supernatant. Decreased leukocyte influx, levels of inflammatory mediators, and COX-2 expression confirmed the anti-inflammatory actions of the peptide and pointed to the protective effects of PL at higher dosage. However, when PL and Ac2-26 were administered in combination, the inflammatory potential was lost. AnxA1 expression was elevated among groups treated with PL or Ac2-26 + PL but reduced after treatment with Ac2-26. Fpr2 expression was increased only in untreated EIU and Ac2-26 groups. The interaction between Ac2-26 and PL negatively affected the anti-inflammatory action of Ac2-26 or PL. We emphasize that the anti-inflammatory effects of PL can be used as a therapeutic strategy to protect against uveitis.
Assuntos
Anexina A1/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Dioxolanos/uso terapêutico , Peptídeos/uso terapêutico , Uveíte/induzido quimicamente , Uveíte/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Anexina A1/administração & dosagem , Anexina A1/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Cílios/enzimologia , Cílios/patologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Dioxolanos/administração & dosagem , Dioxolanos/farmacologia , Endotoxinas , Olho/efeitos dos fármacos , Olho/patologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Monócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Peptídeos/administração & dosagem , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , Receptores de Lipoxinas/metabolismo , Uveíte/sangue , Uveíte/patologiaRESUMO
Benzopyrene is one of the main polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with carcinogenic capacity. Research has shown that anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce the incidence of lung cancer. In this scenario, we highlight piperlongumin (PL), an alkaloid from Piper longum with anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, our aim was to study the effect of PL administration in a model of pulmonary carcinogenesis induced by benzopyrene in Balb/c mice. Animals were divided into 3 groups (n = 10/group): sham (10% DMSO), induced by benzopyrene (100 mg/kg, diluted in DMSO) without treatment (BaP) for 12 weeks and induced by benzopyrene and treated with PL (BaP/PL) (2 mg/kg in 10% DMSO) from the eighth week post-induction. Animals were weighed daily and pletsmography was performed in the 12th week. Genotoxicity and hemoglobin levels were analyzed in blood and quantification of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Lungs were collected for histopathological evaluation, immunohistochemical studies of annexin A1 (AnxA1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and nuclear transcription factor (NF-kB) and also the measurement of interleukin cytokines (IL)-1ß, IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α. Treatment with PL reduced the pulmonary parameters (p < 0,001) of frequency, volume and pulmonary ventilation, decreased lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils in BAL (p < 0,05) as well as blood hemoglobin levels (p < 0,01). PL administration also reduced DNA damage and preserved the pulmonary architecture compared to the BaP group. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effect of PL was evidenced by the maintenance of AnxA1 levels, reduction of COX-2 (p < 0,05), Bcl-2 (p < 0,01) and NF-kB (p < 0,001) expressions and decreased IL-1ß, IL-17 (p < 0,01) and TNF-α (p < 0,05) levels. The results show the therapeutic potential of PL in the treatment of pulmonary anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor diseases with promising therapeutic implications.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Animais , Anexina A1/metabolismo , Benzo(a)pireno/metabolismo , Benzopirenos , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Carcinógenos/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Astrocytomas represent the majority of cerebral gliomas. Studies show that the anti-inflammatory protein Annexin-A1 (ANXA1) is associated with the tumor invasion process and that its actions can be mediated by the receptor for formylated peptides (FPR). Therefore, we evaluated the expression of ANXA1, the receptor FPR2 and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in brain astrocytomas. Detection of proteins was performed in sections of diffuse astrocytomas (grade II), anaplastic astrocytomas (grade III) and glioblastomas (GBM, grade IV) and quantifications were made by densitometry. Our analyses showed increased expression of ANXA1 in astrocytomas of all grades, but especially in GBM. The expression of FPR2 is similar to that found for ANXA1, being higher in GBM. Immunostaining for MMPs is also stronger as the degree of malignancy increases, especially with respect to MMP-9. The positive correlation between ANXA1/FPR2 and ANXA1/MMP-9 was observed in all tumors studied. The data indicate the possible action of ANXA1 and FPR2 on the development and progression of astrocytomas, related to increased expression of MMP-9. Thereby, ANXA1 and FPR2 are involved in the biology and malignancy of diffuse astrocytic tumors.
Assuntos
Anexina A1/biossíntese , Astrocitoma/patologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/biossíntese , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Receptores de Formil Peptídeo/biossíntese , Receptores de Lipoxinas/biossíntese , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/biossíntese , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/biossíntese , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Introdução: A busca por novos agentes terapêuticos tem incentivado as pesquisas com plantas medicinais, pois muitas delas podem apresentar propriedade antimicrobiana e conhecer o potencial citotóxico dos extratos é fundamental para garantir a segurança durante o uso. Objetivo: Avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana e a citotoxicidade hemolítica de Arctium lappa (bardana), Equisetum arvense (cavalinha), Mikania glomerata (guaco), Morus nigra (amora) e Plantago major (tanchagem), amplamente consumidos pela população na forma de chás medicinais. Material e Métodos: Os extratos etanólicos fora preparados a 20% por percolação. Na avaliação antimicrobiana foi utilizada a técnica de difusão em disco, empregando as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobactersp, Enterococcus sp e Salmonella sp. O ensaio de citotoxicidade baseou-se na exposição dos extratos a 5%, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% em suspensão de hemácias a 37ºC por 30 minutos, seguido de centrifugação e visualização do grau de hemólise. Resultados: Todos os extratos apresentaram inibição de crescimento microbiano, principalmente sobre Acinetobacter sp (amora), Enterococcus sp (amora e cavalinha), K. pneumoniae(amora, bardana e guaco), P. aeruginosa (cavalinha, tanchagem, bardana e guaco) e Salmonellasp (amora e bardana). No ensaio de citotoxicidade, o grau de hemólise foi classificado como baixo para tanchagem e bardana (5%) e médio para cavalinha, guaco e amora (25%) nas concentrações testadas. Conclusão: Os resultados mostram o potencial antimicrobiano dos extratos de amora, bardana, cavalinha, guaco e tanchagem contra bactérias Gram negativas e a baixa citotoxicidade hemolítica confirma a segurança no uso dos mesmos como agentes terapêuticos.
Assuntos
Extratos Vegetais/análise , Antibacterianos , Noxas/análiseRESUMO
Mast cells (MCs) participate in all stages of skin healing and one of their mediators is the Annexin A1 protein (AnxA1), linked to inflammation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis processes, but not studied in thermal burns yet. Therefore, our objectives were to evaluate the behavior of MCs and AnxA1 in a second degree burn model, treated or not with silver sulfadiazine 1% (SDP 1%) and associated to macrophages quantification and cytokines dosages. MCs counts showed few cells in the early stages of repair but increased MCs in the final phases in the untreated group. The normal skin presented numerous tryptase-positive MCs that were reduced after burning in all analyzed periods. Differently, few chymase-positive MCs were observed in the early stages of healing, however, increased chymase-positive MCs were found at the final phase in the untreated group. MCs also showed high immunoreactivity for AnxA1 on day 3 in both groups. In the tissue there was a strong protein expression in the early stages of healing, but in the final phases only in the SDP treated animals. TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10 and MCP-1 levels and macrophages quantification were increased in inflammation and reepithelialization phases. Reduced IL-1ß, IL-6 and IL-10 levels and numerous macrophages occurred in the treated animals during tissue repair. Our results indicate modulation in the profile of MCs and AnxA1expression during healing by the treatment with SDP 1%, pointing them as targets for therapeutic interventions on skin burns.
Assuntos
Anexina A1/metabolismo , Queimaduras/tratamento farmacológico , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Mastócitos/citologia , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Sulfadiazina de Prata/farmacologia , Animais , Queimaduras/imunologia , Queimaduras/metabolismo , Queimaduras/fisiopatologia , Contagem de Células , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Citocinas/metabolismo , Citoplasma/efeitos dos fármacos , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Derme/efeitos dos fármacos , Derme/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Epiderme/efeitos dos fármacos , Epiderme/patologia , Histamina/metabolismo , Macrófagos/citologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sulfadiazina de Prata/uso terapêutico , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate whether swimming could prevent bone loss and could be indicated to assist in treatment of osteoporosis. Methods: Female rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6), two of them were oophorectomized. Animals from two groups, one oophorectomized and another not oophorectomized, underwent aquatic training for eight weeks. After training, the animals were sacrificed and their blood was collected for calcium and alkaline phosphatase serum dosage; the femur was removed and subjected to radiological and histological densitometry analysis to assess bone loss and osteoclast counting on femoral head and neck. Results: Increase in serum calcium was not observed. There was an increasing activity of alkaline phosphatase in the oophorectomized groups. The radiographs suggest that there was a greater bone mass density in the trained groups. Concerning histology, the trained groups had better tissue structural organization than the sedentary groups. In the oophorectomized and sedentary group, higher presence of osteoclasts was observed a. Conclusion: Exercise and oophorectomy did not promote changes in serum calcium levels. The decrease of sex steroids caused by oophorectomy was responsible for severe bone loss, but swimming exercise was able to reduce this loss. Oophorectomy promoted the proliferation of osteoclasts and the exercise proved to be able to diminish it. Level of Evidence I, Experimental Study.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether swimming could prevent bone loss and could be indicated to assist in treatment of osteoporosis. METHODS: Female rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6), two of them were oophorectomized. Animals from two groups, one oophorectomized and another not oophorectomized, underwent aquatic training for eight weeks. After training, the animals were sacrificed and their blood was collected for calcium and alkaline phosphatase serum dosage; the femur was removed and subjected to radiological and histological densitometry analysis to assess bone loss and osteoclast counting on femoral head and neck. RESULTS: Increase in serum calcium was not observed. There was an increasing activity of alkaline phosphatase in the oophorectomized groups. The radiographs suggest that there was a greater bone mass density in the trained groups. Concerning histology, the trained groups had better tissue structural organization than the sedentary groups. In the oophorectomized and sedentary group, higher presence of osteoclasts was observed a. CONCLUSION: Exercise and oophorectomy did not promote changes in serum calcium levels. The decrease of sex steroids caused by oophorectomy was responsible for severe bone loss, but swimming exercise was able to reduce this loss. Oophorectomy promoted the proliferation of osteoclasts and the exercise proved to be able to diminish it. Level of Evidence I, Experimental Study.
RESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: O aumento da sobrevida na fase aguda do paciente grande queimado faz também aumentar a prevalência das sequelas cicatriciais estético-funcionais. Ao pensarmos na relevância clínica da lipoenxertia subcicatricial, necessita-se da compreensão e avaliação microscópica das reais alterações após o procedimento. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados oito pacientes, vítimas de queimadura por álcool, com tempo médio após queimadura de 12 meses (10-14 meses), sendo submetidos à lipoenxertia subcicatricial associada à Rigottomy. Foram realizadas biópsias cutâneas no pré e pós-operatório tardio com 14 semanas. Avaliados os quesitos: 1 - Melhora estético funcional da cicatriz pela escala de Vancouver; 2 - Análise quantitativa e qualitativa do colágeno cicatricial; 3 -Análise imunohistoquímica da vascularização cicatricial com anti-fator de crescimento derivado do endotélio vascular (antiVEGE). RESULTADOS: Ao compararmos o período pré e pós-lipoenxertia, pôde-se avaliar que houve melhora estético-funcional significativa e, microscopicamente, redefinição entre os limites da derme papilar e reticular; redução quantitativa e reorganização do colágeno, além do decréscimo da vascularização tecidual pela análise imunohistoquímica. CONCLUSÃO: O princípio básico de todo processo cicatricial fisiológico é reestabelecer a homeostasia local, ou seja, as etapas exageradamente intensificadas levam a alterações clínicas catastróficas. Ao realizar a lipoenxertia subcicatricial associada à Rigotomia, foi verificada, neste estudo, a melhora qualitativa e quantitativa do tecido. Sendo assim, torna-se evidente o futuro promissor deste procedimento para a complementação terapêutica das patologias cicatriciais.
INTRODUCTION: The increase in survival of large burn patients during the acute phase has also increased the prevalence of esthetic-functional scarring sequelae. With regard to the clinical relevance of subcicatricial fat grafting, the actual changes after the procedure need to be understood and microscopically evaluated. METHODS: Eight patients with alcohol burns, with an average time after burn of 12 months (10-14 months), who underwent subcicatricial fat grafting associated with rigotomy were selected. Skin biopsies were performed in before and 14 weeks after operation. The following issues were assessed: 1) esthetic-functional improvement of the scar, by using the Vancouver scar scale; 2) quantitative and qualitative analyses of cicatricial collagen; 3) immunohistochemical analysis of scar vascularization with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) antibody. RESULTS: When comparing the pre- and post-fat grafting period, a significant esthetic-functional improvement and, microscopically, a redefinition of the boundaries of the papillary and reticular dermis were observed, as well as quantitative reduction and reorganization of collagen, in addition to the decrease of the vascularization of the tissue through immunohistochemical analysis. CONCLUSION: The basic principle of the whole physiological healing process is to reestablish local homeostasis, that is, excessively intensified steps that lead to severe clinical changes. When subcicatricial fat grafting associated with rigotomy was performed, qualitative and quantitative improvements of the tissue were verified in this study. Thus, it becomes evident that this procedure can complement the treatment of cicatricial pathologies.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , História do Século XXI , Cicatrização , Queimaduras Químicas , Cicatriz , Transplante de Pele , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Estudo de Avaliação , Estética , Homeostase , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Queimaduras Químicas/cirurgia , Queimaduras Químicas/complicações , Cicatriz/cirurgia , Cicatriz/complicações , Cicatriz/terapia , Transplante de Pele/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Pele/métodos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Homeostase/fisiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: A remediação das alterações fisiológicas que sofrem os idosos é um problema com o qual a saúde pública se defronta com frequência. A premência deste trabalho está em minimizar essa remediação e as alterações que ela propicia no âmbito músculo-esquelético, por meio de um trabalho físico condicionante, que busca aumentar a qualidade de vida dessa população. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do treinamento físico sob duas ópticas de comando terapêutico, com e sem resposta visual por unidade de pressão, bem como seus possíveis benefícios quanto ao ganho de torque muscular, inerente à funcionalidade citada no questionário de qualidade de vida SF-36, avaliando assim a influência do treinamento físico. MÉTODOS: A avaliação foi realizada por meio de um questionário de qualidade de vida SF-36 e do teste de levantar e sentar, além da aferição da força por meio do esfigmomanômetro modificado (EM). O individuo foi submetido a duas sessões semanais de exercícios durante um mês, com o protocolo de treinamento que constou de três séries de 10 repetições na cadeira flexora e extensora para ambos os joelhos de maneira isométrica. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados pela análise de variância e desvio padrão (p < 0,05) e correlação de Pearson (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: Notou-se melhora no quadro geral dos idosos, sendo que houve aumento estatisticamente significante no estado geral de saúde, redução da limitação por aspectos físicos, redução da dor e no aumento da capacidade funcional, bem como um incremento da força de flexão e extensão, que teve reflexo positivo no teste funcional. CONCLUSÃO: ...
INTRODUCTION: The remediation of physiological changes affecting the elderly is a problem frequently faced in public health. The urgency of this work is to minimize this remediation and the changes that it induces at the musculoskeletal level, via work done with physical conditioning, seeking to increase the quality of life of this population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of physical training under two therapeutic commands, with and without visual feedback per pressure unit, as well as possible benefits from increased muscle torque, inherent to the functionality mentioned in the SF-36 questionnaire, thus evaluating the influence of physical training. METHODS: The evaluation was conducted using an SF-36 quality of life questionnaire and the sit-to-stand exercise, in addition to measurement of strength by means of the modified sphygmomanometer (MS). The subjects underwent two weekly exercise sessions for a month, with a training protocol that consisted of three sets of 10 isometric repetitions on the flexion-extension chair. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and standard deviation (p<0.05), and Pearson's correlation (p<0.05). RESULTS: We observed an improvement in the general conditions of the elderly, with a statistically significant increase in general health, reduced limitation caused by physical problems, reduced pain and increased functional capacity, as well as an increase in the strength of flexion and extension, which had a positive impact on functional testing. CONCLUSION: There was highly valid correlation between the strength gained in flexion in the sit-to-stand exercise, which, although lower than the gain in strength in extension, enabled the establishment of a correlation with functional gain, regardless of the visual feedback. .
INTRODUCCIÓN: La remediación de las alteraciones fisiológicas que sufren los ancianos es un problema con el cual la salud pública se enfrenta con frecuencia. El apremio de este trabajo es minimizar esa remediación y las alteraciones que propicia en el ámbito músculo-esquelético, por medio de un trabajo físico condicionante, que busca aumentar la calidad de vida de esa población. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto del entrenamiento físico bajo dos ópticas de comando terapéutico, con y sin respuesta visual por unidad de presión, bien como sus posibles beneficios cuanto al aumento de torque muscular, inherente a la funcionalidad citada en el cuestionario de calidad de vida SF-36, evaluando así la influencia del entrenamiento físico. MÉTODOS: La evaluación fue realizada por medio de un cuestionario de calidad de vida SF-36 y del test de levantar y sentar, además de la medición de la fuerza por medio del esfigmomanómetro modificado (EM). El individuo fue sometido a dos sesiones semanales de ejercicios durante un mes, con el protocolo de entrenamiento que fue de tres series de 10 repeticiones en la silla flexora y extensora para ambas rodillas de manera isométrica. Los datos fueron estadísticamente analizados por el Análisis de Variancia y Desvío Estándar (p < 0,05) y correlación de Pearson (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: Se notó una mejora en el cuadro general de los ancianos, siendo que hubo mejora estadísticamente significativa del estado general de salud, de la limitación por aspectos físicos, de la reducción del dolor y de la capacidad funcional, bien como un incremento de la fuerza para flexión y extensión que tuvo reflejo positivo en el test funcional. CONCLUSIÓN: Hubo correlación extremadamente válida entre el aumento de fuerza en flexión ...