RESUMO
Modeling the distribution patterns of the estuarine macrobenthic community has revealed itself as a difficult task due to spatio-temporal heterogeneity. This study uses ordinary kriging and Poisson modeling to generate distribution maps of the subtidal benthic macrofauna in the Trapandé Bay (southeastern Brazil). Samples were taken in duplicate from 36 locations distributed along nine transects perpendicular to the main estuarine axis in October 2006 and March 2007. One-hundred and seventy taxa belonging to 12 phyla, were identified, with dominance of Annelida Polychaeta. Distribution maps were prepared to illustrate the total density, the number of species and the six most numerous taxa, as well as abiotic parameters. The general distribution pattern has revealed that the greatest number of species and the highest densities are at the estuary mouth, decreasing towards its inner areas. However the temporal and spatial changes observed at the estuary mouth have clearly shown the impact of environmental variations such as nutrients and freshwater input, attributed to increased rainfall in March. The increased flow in the Cananeia Sea, coming from the drainage basin, produces major changes in sediment and faunal composition. Ordinary kriging associated with Poisson modeling has proved to be a powerful and promising tool for modeling the macrofauna, despite the fact that it is not frequently used due to the scarcity of appropriate software.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Fauna Bentônica/análise , Estatísticas Ambientais , Geografia/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
Modeling the distribution patterns of the estuarine macrobenthic community has revealed itself as a difficult task due to spatio-temporal heterogeneity. This study uses ordinary kriging and Poisson modeling to generate distribution maps of the subtidal benthic macrofauna in the Trapandé Bay (southeastern Brazil). Samples were taken in duplicate from 36 locations distributed along nine transects perpendicular to the main estuarine axis in October 2006 and March 2007. One-hundred and seventy taxa belonging to 12 phyla, were identified, with dominance of Annelida Polychaeta. Distribution maps were prepared to illustrate the total density, the number of species and the six most numerous taxa, as well as abiotic parameters. The general distribution pattern has revealed that the greatest number of species and the highest densities are at the estuary mouth, decreasing towards its inner areas. However the temporal and spatial changes observed at the estuary mouth have clearly shown the impact of environmental variations such as nutrients and freshwater input, attributed to increased rainfall in March. The increased flow in the Cananeia Sea, coming from the drainage basin, produces major changes in sediment and faunal composition. Ordinary kriging associated with Poisson modeling has proved to be a powerful and promising tool for modeling the macrofauna, despite the fact that it is not frequently used due to the scarcity of appropriate software.
Assuntos
Animais , Estatísticas Ambientais , Fauna Bentônica/análise , Geografia/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To translate to Brazilian Portuguese and to evaluate the reliability of the Healthcare Satisfaction (HS) Generic Module version 3.0 of the PedsQL inventory for the Brazilian culture. METHOD: The methods recommended by the authors of the original version of the questionnaire were used: 1) translation by bilingual experts; 2) back translation into English and evaluation by the authors of the original version; 3) a pilot study including 10 parents (cognitive interview); and 4) evaluation of the measurement properties of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to 60 parents of children and adolescents with chronic diseases in key units of the Department of Pediatrics. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.57 to 0.78 for all domains (information, family inclusion, communication, technical skills, emotional needs and overall satisfaction), which confirmed good internal consistency. Test-retest reproducibility was evaluated using 20% of the sample (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.909). The satisfaction score was good in all areas (> 4.3 points) except in the emotional needs domain. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the HS-PedsQL is a valid and reliable tool to measure the overall satisfaction of parents and caregivers with the treatment of their children.
Assuntos
Cuidadores/psicologia , Doença Crônica/terapia , Comportamento do Consumidor/estatística & dados numéricos , Pais/psicologia , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Traduções , Adolescente , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Comunicação , Feminino , Humanos , Idioma , Masculino , Relações Profissional-Família , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Traduzir e avaliar a confiabilidade do módulo Satisfação com o Serviço de Saúde do questionário Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory versão 3.0 (SSS-PedsQL) para o idioma português e para a cultura brasileira. MÉTODO: Utilizamos a metodologia proposta pelos autores da versão original do questionário: 1) tradução por especialistas bilíngues; 2) tradução reversa para o inglês com avaliação pelos autores da versão original; 3) estudo piloto envolvendo 10 pais (entrevista cognitiva); e 4) avaliação das propriedades de medida do questionário, sendo administrado a um grupo de 60 pais de crianças e adolescentes com doenças crônicas em acompanhamento nos departamentos de pediatria de um hospital-escola. RESULTADOS: Obtivemos alfa de Cronbach entre 0,57 e 0,78 para os domínios do questionário (informação, inclusão familiar, comunicação, habilidades técnicas, necessidades emocionais e satisfação geral), demonstrando uma boa consistência interna. Foi avaliada a reprodutibilidade interobservador em 20 por cento da amostra, com coeficiente de correlação de Spearman de 0,909. Observamos um ótimo escore de satisfação com as equipes multiprofissionais para todos os domínios (> 4,3 pontos), exceto para os domínios "necessidades emocionais", com 3,5 pontos, e "comunicação", com 3,9. CONCLUSÃO: A versão brasileira do SSS-PedsQL é válida e confiável e é útil na mensuração da satisfação global dos pais e/ou cuidadores com o tratamento dos seus filhos.
OBJECTIVE: To translate to Brazilian Portuguese and to evaluate the reliability of the Healthcare Satisfaction (HS) Generic Module version 3.0 of the PedsQL inventory for the Brazilian culture. METHOD: The methods recommended by the authors of the original version of the questionnaire were used: 1) translation by bilingual experts; 2) back translation into English and evaluation by the authors of the original version; 3) a pilot study including 10 parents (cognitive interview); and 4) evaluation of the measurement properties of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to 60 parents of children and adolescents with chronic diseases in key units of the Department of Pediatrics. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.57 to 0.78 for all domains (information, family inclusion, communication, technical skills, emotional needs and overall satisfaction), which confirmed good internal consistency. Test-retest reproducibility was evaluated using 20 percent of the sample (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.909). The satisfaction score was good in all areas (> 4.3 points) except in the emotional needs domain. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the HS-PedsQL is a valid and reliable tool to measure the overall satisfaction of parents and caregivers with the treatment of their children.