RESUMO
Introduction: In the scenario of metal toxicity, aluminum (Al) stands out as a ubiquitous type of metal that can be combined with other elements and form different compounds. Al is widely used daily as an adjuvant in vaccines, antacids, food additives (as components of AI-containing food additives), skin care products, cosmetics, and kitchenware, and can be an element or contaminant present in our daily life. Objective: To present a review of the main deleterious effects of Al on human health. Methods: The search was carried out from September 2022 to February 2023 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases, using scientific articles from 2012 to 2023. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument, and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusions: A total of 115 files were search returned. Further, 95 articles were evaluated, and 44 were included in this review. Based on the results, measuring Al's relevance to health is essential in medicine. Several studies have demonstrated clinical outcomes and metabolic alterations with Al exposure. The tolerable weekly intake established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) of 1 mg Al/kg body weight can be achieved through dietary exposure alone. Proven neurotoxicity in humans is the critical adverse effect of Al. A carcinogenic effect of Al has not been proven so far. Preventive medicine advocates that exposure to Al should be kept as low as possible. Chelating agents, such as calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and deferoxamine, are options for acute poisoning, and monomethysilanetriol supplementation may be a long-term strategy with chelation potential. Further studies are needed to assess the impacts of Al on human health.
Assuntos
Alumínio , Inflamação , Humanos , Alumínio/toxicidade , Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Quelantes , Cognição , Aditivos AlimentaresRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Studies on Chagas disease deal with the perspective of its occurrence in the Amazon region, which is directly correlated to the population growth and the spread of the bug biotope. The state of Rondônia has an immense source of vectors (Triatomine) and reservoirs of Trypanosoma cruzi. Environmental changes brought forth by the deforestation in the region may cause vector behavior changes and bring these vectors to a closer contact with humans, increasing the probability of vector infection. METHODS: This study was carried out to check the occurrence of Chagas disease in the municipality of Monte Negro, Rondônia, Brazil, based on a random sampling of the farms and people wherein blood collection from the population and capturing triatomines were done. The blood samples were submitted to serologic tests to detect antibodies of the IgG class against T. cruzi. The triatomines that were collected had their digestive tract checked for the presence of trypanosomatidae with morphology resembling that of the T. cruzi. RESULTS: The population examined was mostly from other states. From the 322 bugs examined on the microscope, 50 percent showed parasites with morphology compatible with T. cruzi. From the serology of 344 random samples of human blood, 1.2 percent was found positive, 6 percent showed inconclusive results, and 92.8 percent were negative. CONCLUSIONS: Monte Negro shows low prevalence of human infection by T. cruzi and none active vector transmission; however, preventive and surveying measures, which are not performed until now, shall be taken due to the abundance of vectors infected by trypanosomatidae.
INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos anteriores sobre doença de Chagas tratam da perspectiva da ocorrência endêmica da parasitose na região Amazônica, que se correlaciona diretamente com o aumento populacional e a invasão do ecótopo pelos triatomíneos. O Estado de Rondônia possui um imenso manancial de vetores e reservatórios de Trypanosoma cruzi. As modificações ambientais ocasionadas pelo desmatamento na região podem gerar mudanças nos hábitos dos vetores, trazendo-os para um contato mais próximo do homem, aumentando as possibilidades de infecção vetorial. MÉTODOS: Este estudo foi realizado para verificar a ocorrência da doença de Chagas em Monte Negro, Rondônia, equivalente à amostragem aleatória das propriedades rurais e de pessoas residentes no município, onde foram realizadas coletas sanguíneas dos moradores e coleta de triatomíneos. As amostras sanguíneas foram submetidas a testes sorológicos para detecção de anticorpos da classe IgG contra T. cruzi e os triatomíneos coletados foram analisados para verificar a presença de tripanosomatídeos em seu trato digestivo. RESULTADOS: A população estudada, randomicamente selecionada, é em sua maioria advinda de outros estados. Dos 322 barbeiros avaliados microscopicamente, 50 por cento apresentavam flagelados com morfologia compatível com Trypanosoma cruzi. A sorologia das 344 amostras de sangue humano coletadas randomicamente apresentou 1,2 por cento de positividade para T. cruzi, 6,1 por cento de resultados inconclusivos e 92,8 por cento negativos. CONCLUSÕES: Monte Negro apresenta baixa prevalência de infecção por T. cruzi em humanos, em torno de 1,2 por cento e sem transmissão vetorial ativa, porém há a necessidade de medidas preventivas de vigilância, não existentes atualmente, devido à abundância do vetor, e a presença de vetores infectados por tripanosomatídeos.
Assuntos
Adulto , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Triatominae/parasitologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doença de Chagas/diagnóstico , Doença de Chagas/transmissão , PrevalênciaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Studies on Chagas disease deal with the perspective of its occurrence in the Amazon region, which is directly correlated to the population growth and the spread of the bug biotope. The state of Rondônia has an immense source of vectors (Triatomine) and reservoirs of Trypanosoma cruzi. Environmental changes brought forth by the deforestation in the region may cause vector behavior changes and bring these vectors to a closer contact with humans, increasing the probability of vector infection. METHODS: This study was carried out to check the occurrence of Chagas disease in the municipality of Monte Negro, Rondônia, Brazil, based on a random sampling of the farms and people wherein blood collection from the population and capturing triatomines were done. The blood samples were submitted to serologic tests to detect antibodies of the IgG class against T. cruzi. The triatomines that were collected had their digestive tract checked for the presence of trypanosomatidae with morphology resembling that of the T. cruzi. RESULTS: The population examined was mostly from other states. From the 322 bugs examined on the microscope, 50% showed parasites with morphology compatible with T. cruzi. From the serology of 344 random samples of human blood, 1.2% was found positive, 6% showed inconclusive results, and 92.8% were negative. CONCLUSIONS: Monte Negro shows low prevalence of human infection by T. cruzi and none active vector transmission; however, preventive and surveying measures, which are not performed until now, shall be taken due to the abundance of vectors infected by trypanosomatidae.