RESUMO
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the hepatitis B vaccination coverage among medical students at a public university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and their compliance with the postvaccination serologic testing recommendations. Of the total of 858 students, 675 (78.7%) participated in the study. Among the participants, 48.9% (95% CI: 45.1% to 52.7%) were vaccinated against hepatitis B (received ≥ 3 doses of the vaccine), 31.6% were not (received 0, 1 or 2 doses), and 19.6% did not know their vaccination status. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage increased from 26.0% among first-year students to 70.6% among sixth-year students while the prevalence of unknown vaccination status decreased from 39.7% among first-year students to 2.4% among sixth-year students. The frequency of unvaccinated students ranged from 23.7% among fifth-year students to 34.4% among first-year students. Only 34.8% of the vaccinated students performed the anti-HBs testing after vaccination. Among these medical students, we found a low adherence to the hepatitis B vaccination and to the postvaccination serologic testing. A comprehensive hepatitis B immunization program should be offered to students at this medical school.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/imunologia , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/administração & dosagem , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Estudantes de Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hepatite B/imunologia , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the hepatitis B vaccination coverage among medical students at a public university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and their compliance with the postvaccination serologic testing recommendations. Of the total of 858 students, 675 (78.7%) participated in the study. Among the participants, 48.9% (95% CI: 45.1% to 52.7%) were vaccinated against hepatitis B (received ≥ 3 doses of the vaccine), 31.6% were not (received 0, 1 or 2 doses), and 19.6% did not know their vaccination status. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage increased from 26.0% among first-year students to 70.6% among sixth-year students while the prevalence of unknown vaccination status decreased from 39.7% among first-year students to 2.4% among sixth-year students. The frequency of unvaccinated students ranged from 23.7% among fifth-year students to 34.4% among first-year students. Only 34.8% of the vaccinated students performed the anti-HBs testing after vaccination. Among these medical students, we found a low adherence to the hepatitis B vaccination and to the postvaccination serologic testing. A comprehensive hepatitis B immunization program should be offered to students at this medical school.
O objetivo deste estudo transversal foi determinar a cobertura vacinal para a hepatite B entre estudantes de medicina de uma universidade pública no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil e a sua adesão às recomendações sobre o teste sorológico pós-vacinal. De um total de 858 estudantes, 675 (78,7%) participaram do estudo. Entre os participantes, 48,9% (IC de 95%: 45,1% a 52,7%) eram vacinados contra a hepatite B (receberam ≥ 3 doses da vacina), 31,6% não eram (receberam zero, uma ou duas doses) e 19,6% não sabiam o seu status vacinal. A cobertura vacinal para a hepatite B aumentou de 26,0% entre os estudantes do primeiro ano para 70,6% entre os estudantes do sexto ano, enquanto a prevalência de status vacinal ignorado diminuiu de 39,7% entre os estudantes do primeiro ano para 2,4% entre os estudantes do sexto ano. A frequência de estudantes não vacinados variou de 23,7% entre os estudantes do quinto ano a 34,4% entre os estudantes do primeiro ano. Apenas 34,8% dos estudantes vacinados realizaram o teste anti-HBs após a vacinação. Entre esses estudantes de medicina encontramos uma baixa adesão à vacinação contra a hepatite B e ao teste sorológico pós-vacinal. Um amplo programa de imunização contra a hepatite B deveria ser oferecido aos estudantes, nessa escola médica.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/imunologia , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/administração & dosagem , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Estudantes de Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/imunologia , Hepatite B/imunologia , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine, among medical students at a public university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the acceptance of the pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine during the 2010 mass immunization campaign and the vaccine safety in this group and, among unvaccinated students, the reasons for refusing vaccination. Of a total of 858 students, 678 (79%) participated in the study. Vaccination coverage was 60.4% among students aged 20 to 39 years (an age group targeted for vaccination) and 43.8% among those who did not belong to this age group. The most frequent adverse reactions to the vaccine were pain at the injection site (8.7%) and fever (7.9%). There were no serious adverse reactions. Among students aged 20 to 39 years, the most common reasons for refusing the vaccine were "lack of time" (42.4%), "fear of adverse reactions" (41.9%), and "difficult access to the vaccine" (11.5%). Other reasons for vaccine refusal were "uncertainties about vaccine safety and efficacy" and "vaccination was not needed". To increase the acceptance of the influenza vaccine, a comprehensive immunization program should be offered to these students.
Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/imunologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/efeitos adversos , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Estudantes de Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pandemias , Recusa do Paciente ao TratamentoRESUMO
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine, among medical students at a public university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the acceptance of the pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine during the 2010 mass immunization campaign and the vaccine safety in this group and, among unvaccinated students, the reasons for refusing vaccination. Of a total of 858 students, 678 (79%) participated in the study. Vaccination coverage was 60.4% among students aged 20 to 39 years (an age group targeted for vaccination) and 43.8% among those who did not belong to this age group. The most frequent adverse reactions to the vaccine were pain at the injection site (8.7%) and fever (7.9%). There were no serious adverse reactions. Among students aged 20 to 39 years, the most common reasons for refusing the vaccine were "lack of time" (42.4%), "fear of adverse reactions" (41.9%), and "difficult access to the vaccine" (11.5%). Other reasons for vaccine refusal were "uncertainties about vaccine safety and efficacy" and "vaccination was not needed". To increase the acceptance of the influenza vaccine, a comprehensive immunization program should be offered to these students.
O objetivo deste estudo transversal foi determinar, entre estudantes de medicina de uma universidade pública no Rio de Janeiro - Brasil, a aceitação da vacina contra a influenza A/H1N1 pandêmica durante a campanha de imunização em massa de 2010, a segurança da vacina neste grupo e, entre os estudantes não vacinados, os motivos para recusarem a vacinação. De um total de 858 estudantes, 678 (79%) participaram do estudo. Entre os estudantes de 20 a 39 anos de idade (um grupo etário alvo para vacinação) a cobertura vacinal foi de 60,4% e entre aqueles que não pertenciam a esta faixa etária a cobertura vacinal foi de 43,8%. As reações adversas à vacina mais freqüentes foram dor no local da injeção (8,7%) e febre (7,9%). Não ocorreram reações adversas graves. Entre os estudantes de 20 a 39 anos, os motivos mais freqüentes para recusarem a vacina foram "falta de tempo" (42,4%), "receio de reações adversas" (41,9%) e "difícil acesso a vacina" (11,5%). Outros motivos para a não vacinação foram "incertezas sobre eficácia e segurança da vacina" e "vacinação não era necessária". A fim de aumentar a aceitação da vacina contra a influenza, um programa de imunização abrangente deveria ser oferecido aos estudantes.