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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the protective effect of an experimental solution containing TiF4/NaF on the development of radiation-induced dentin caries lesions. METHODOLOGY: bovine root samples were irradiated (70Gy) and distributed as following (n=12/group): Commercial Saliva (BioXtra), NaF (500 ppm F-), TiF4 (500 ppm F), TiF4/NaF (TiF4: 300 ppm F-, NaF: 190 ppm F-), and Phosphate buffer solution (PBS, negative control). Biofilm was produced using biofilm from irradiated patients and McBain saliva (0.2% of sucrose, at 37oC and 5% CO2) for five days. The treatments were applied 1x/day. Colony-forming units (CFU) were counted and demineralization was quantified by transversal microradiography. The ANOVA/Tukey test was applied for all parameters. RESULTS: All treatments reduced CFU for total microorganisms. TiF4 reduced Lactobacillus sp. (7.04±0.26 log10 CFU/mL) and mutans streptococci (7.18±0.28) CFU the most, when compared to PBS (7.58±0.21 and 7.75±0.17) and followed by NaF (7.12±0.31 and 7.34±0.22) and TiF4/NaF (7.16±0.35 and 7.29± 0.29). TiF4 and Commercial saliva showed the lowest integrated mineral loss (ΔZ-vol%.mm) (1977±150 and 2062±243, respectively) when compared to PBS (4540±335), followed by NaF (2403±235) and TiF4/NaF (2340±200). Commercial saliva was the only to significantly reduce mineral loss (LD-µm) (111±25) compared to PBS (153±24).Mean mineral loss (R-vol%) decreased by 35.2% for TiF4 (18.2±3.3) when compared to PBS (28.1±2.9) Conclusion: TiF4/NaF has a comparable anti-cariogenic effect to TiF4 and Commercial saliva under the model in this study.
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Biofilmes , Cárie Dentária , Dentina , Fluoretos , Saliva , Fluoreto de Sódio , Streptococcus mutans , Fluoreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Bovinos , Animais , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Dentina/efeitos da radiação , Dentina/microbiologia , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Fluoretos/farmacologia , Saliva/microbiologia , Saliva/química , Saliva/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Tempo , Análise de Variância , Microrradiografia , Cariostáticos/farmacologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Lactobacillus/efeitos dos fármacos , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Desmineralização do Dente/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Teste de Materiais , Valores de Referência , Resultado do Tratamento , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , TitânioRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In this in vivo proof-of-concept study, acquired pellicle engineering was implemented to promote alterations in the protein composition of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) and the bacterial composition of the dental biofilm after treatment with Sugarcane cystatin (CaneCPI-5). DESIGN: After prophylaxis, 10 volunteers rinsed (10 mL, 1 min) with the following solutions: 1) deionized water (H2O- negative control or 2) 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5. The AEP and biofilm were formed along 2 or 3 h, respectively. The AEP was collected with electrode filter papers soaked in 3 % citric acid. After protein extraction, samples were analyzed by quantitative shotgun label-free proteomics. The biofilm microbiome was collected with a dental curette. The DNA was extracted, amplified, and analyzed by 16S-rRNA Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). RESULTS: Treatment with CaneCPI-5 increased several proteins with antimicrobial, acid-resistance, affinity for hydroxyapatite, structural and calcium binding properties, such as Cysteine-rich-3 (6-fold-p = 0.03), Cystatin-B (5.5-fold-p < 0.01), Neutrophil-defensin 1 (4.7-fold-p < 0.01), Mucin (3.9-fold-p < 0.01), Immunoglobulin-heavy-constant (3.8-fold-p < 0.01) and Lactotransferrin (2.8-fold-p < 0.01). Microbiome revealed that several commensal bacteria had their abundance increased after rinsing with CaneCPI-5, such as Corynebacterium and Neisseria, while Streptococcus and Prevotella nigrescens were decreased. The results indicate the efficiency of CaneCPI-5 in promoting beneficial changes in the AEP and biofilm, making this phytocystatin a potential target for incorporation into dental products. CONCLUSION: Cane demonstrated the capability to alter the protein composition of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) and the initial colonizers of the biofilm, enhancing the presence of proteins and bacteria crucial for dental protection.
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Biofilmes , Película Dentária , Proteômica , Película Dentária/microbiologia , Humanos , Microbiota , Masculino , Adulto , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Feminino , Cistatinas , Estudo de Prova de ConceitoRESUMO
Abstract Objective To evaluate the protective effect of an experimental solution containing TiF4/NaF on the development of radiation-induced dentin caries lesions. Methodology bovine root samples were irradiated (70Gy) and distributed as following (n=12/group): Commercial Saliva (BioXtra), NaF (500 ppm F-), TiF4 (500 ppm F), TiF4/NaF (TiF4: 300 ppm F-, NaF: 190 ppm F-), and Phosphate buffer solution (PBS, negative control). Biofilm was produced using biofilm from irradiated patients and McBain saliva (0.2% of sucrose, at 37oC and 5% CO2) for five days. The treatments were applied 1x/day. Colony-forming units (CFU) were counted and demineralization was quantified by transversal microradiography. The ANOVA/Tukey test was applied for all parameters. Results All treatments reduced CFU for total microorganisms. TiF4 reduced Lactobacillus sp. (7.04±0.26 log10 CFU/mL) and mutans streptococci (7.18±0.28) CFU the most, when compared to PBS (7.58±0.21 and 7.75±0.17) and followed by NaF (7.12±0.31 and 7.34±0.22) and TiF4/NaF (7.16±0.35 and 7.29± 0.29). TiF4 and Commercial saliva showed the lowest integrated mineral loss (ΔZ-vol%.mm) (1977±150 and 2062±243, respectively) when compared to PBS (4540±335), followed by NaF (2403±235) and TiF4/NaF (2340±200). Commercial saliva was the only to significantly reduce mineral loss (LD-µm) (111±25) compared to PBS (153±24).Mean mineral loss (R-vol%) decreased by 35.2% for TiF4 (18.2±3.3) when compared to PBS (28.1±2.9) Conclusion: TiF4/NaF has a comparable anti-cariogenic effect to TiF4 and Commercial saliva under the model in this study.
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This study evaluated the protective effect of TiF4 and chitosan toothpaste on erosive tooth wear (ETW) in vitro. Enamel and dentin samples were randomly assigned to toothpastes (n = 12): (G1) TiF4 (1400 ppm F-), (G2) 0.5% chitosan (75% deacetylation, 500 mPas), (G3) TiF4 (1400 ppm F-) plus 0.5% chitosan (75% deacetylation, 500 mPas), (G4) Placebo, (G5) Erosion Protection (Elmex-GABA, 1400 ppm F-). Twelve samples were only eroded. All samples were submitted to erosive pH cycles and G1 to G5 to abrasive challenges using toothpastes' slurries plus 45 s of treatment, for 7 days. The final profile was overlaid to the baseline one for the ETW calculation (µm). The data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests. TiF4 toothpastes, regardless of the presence of chitosan, were able to significantly reduce ETW compared to placebo, while chitosan alone was similar to placebo for both tissues. The toothpastes containing TiF4 were even superior to the commercial Elmex toothpaste on enamel, while they were similar on dentin; both were also significantly different from placebo for both tissues. TiF4 and Elmex toothpastes minimized the impact of brushing on eroded surface. In conclusion, TiF4 toothpastes, regardless the presence of chitosan, showed to be effective in minimizing ETW in vitro.
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Quitosana , Erosão Dentária , Desgaste dos Dentes , Quitosana/farmacologia , Humanos , Erosão Dentária/tratamento farmacológico , Erosão Dentária/prevenção & controle , Escovação Dentária , Cremes Dentais/farmacologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the proteomic alterations in the initial AEP after rinsing with CaneCPI-5, StN15 or Hb or their combination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In five crossover phases, after prophylaxis, 10 volunteers in 5 consecutive days, rinsed (10 mL, 1 min) with the following solutions: deionized water (H2O- negative control- 1), 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5 (2), 1.88×10-5 M StN15 (3), 1.0 mg/mL Hb (4) or their combination (5). The AEP formed after 3 min was collected with electrode filter papers soaked in 3% citric acid. After protein extraction, samples were analyzed by quantitative shotgun label-free proteomics. RESULTS: Rinsing with the proteins/peptide increased the amounts of proteins in the AEP. The total numbers of proteins identified after rinsing with CaneCPI-5, StN15, Hb or their combination versus water, were 131, 167, 148 and 142, respectively. The treatment with the proteins/peptide or their combination increased proteins that bind calcium, phosphate and interact with distinct proteins, as well as proteins with antimicrobial and acid-resistant properties, such as, Cornifin-B (7.7, 12.6, and 4.3-fold for CaneCPI-5, StN15 and Hb, respectively), isoforms of Cystatin (2.2-2.4-fold for CaneCPI-5 and StN15), Proline-rich-protein 4 (4.3-fold; StN15), Histatin-1 (2.8-fold; StN15) and Hemoglobin (7.7-25-fold for Hb and Combination). Immunoglobulin, Keratin and Histone were exclusively identified upon treatment with the proteins/peptide, alone or combined. CONCLUSION: Rinsing with proteins/peptide, alone or combined, increased protective proteins in the initial AEP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our results suggest that rinsing with the proteins/peptide or their combination increases the proteins capable of enhancing the protective function of the basal layer of AEP.
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Proteínas , Proteômica , Película Dentária/química , Humanos , Peptídeos , ÁguaRESUMO
This randomized three-armed controlled clinical trial compared the effect of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) and sodium fluoride (NaF) varnishes on caries control in smooth surfaces of permanent dentition and children's acceptability. Sixty children (6-8 y/o) were randomly divided into TiF4 (2.45% F-), NaF (2.26% F-) or placebo (control) groups. Varnishes were applied on permanent teeth once a week for the first 4 weeks and after the 6th and 12th months of the study. The variables were as follows: International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores, quantitative fluorescence changes, visual plaque index (VPI) and degree of acceptability. Two-way RM-ANOVA, ANOVA/Tukey and χ2 tests were performed (p < 0.05). No differences were found between the treatments with respect to ICDAS scores (p = 0.32). Only TiF4 reduced the mean fluorescence loss significantly at 18 months compared to the baseline (p = 0.003). TiF4 showed a lower percentage of new caries lesions by tooth surface than the placebo, while NaF did not induce such a change (p < 0.014). Regardless of the treatment, more than 95% of the participants reported being satisfied. For all groups, the VPI decreased significantly at 3 months compared to the baseline value (p < 0.001), with no differences between the treatments (p = 0.17). TiF4 had a similar ability to control caries lesions as NaF; however, only TiF4 differed from the placebo (p = 0.004). The acceptability of TiF4 varnish was similar to that of NaF varnish.
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Cárie Dentária , Cariostáticos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Fluoretos , Fluoretos Tópicos , Humanos , Fluoreto de Sódio , TitânioRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effect of commercial and pure sweetener containing stevia to that of aspartame, to sucrose and xylitol on the development of dental caries. METHODS: 228 bovine enamel and root dentin were exposed to microcosm biofilm model using human saliva. From the 2nd to the 5th day, the samples were exposed daily to McBain saliva supplemented with 0.2% of the respective sweeteners/sugar, under 5% CO2 and 37 °C. The lactic acid and the colony-forming units (CFU) were quantified. The demineralization was analyzed by TMR. The data were compared statistically (Kruskal-Wallis/ Dunn, p<0.05). RESULTS: Pure stevia, pure aspartame, xylitol and control were able to significantly reduce 92% of lactate production compared to sucrose. Stevia finn, aspartame finn and sucrose showed similar production of lactic acid (around 0.45±0.12 g/L and 0.67±0.18 g/L, for enamel and dentin, p<0.0001). With respect to total lactobacilli and S. mutans/S. sobrinus CFU, xylitol and control did not show growth on enamel, while CFU numbers were found in stevia finn, aspartame finn and sucrose groups for both tissues. Enamel and dentin demineralization was significantly reduced for xylitol, control, pure stevia and pure aspartame (85% and 83% reduction, respectively) compared to stevia finn, aspartame finn and sucrose, which in turn did not differ from each other (sucrose ΔZ: 2913.7 ± 646.7 vol%.µm for enamel and 3543.3 ± 432.5 vol%.µm for dentin). CONCLUSIONS: Commercial sweeteners containing stevia and aspartame proved to be as cariogenic as sucrose, which may be due to the other components, since the pure forms were not cariogenic. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our study showed that some commercial sweeteners (aspartame and stevia) are as cariogenic as sucrose, which may be due to the presence of lactose. The population should be advice about the presence of lactose in such brand names, to avoid their consume.
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Cárie Dentária , Stevia , Desmineralização do Dente , Animais , Biofilmes , Bovinos , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Esmalte Dentário , Dentina , Humanos , Streptococcus mutans , Edulcorantes/farmacologia , Desmineralização do Dente/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
This in vitro study evaluated the protective effect of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) varnish and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution on the radiation-induced dentin caries. Bovine root dentin samples were irradiated (70 Gy) and treated as follows: (6 h): 4% TiF4 varnish; 5.42% NaF varnish; 30% SDF solution; placebo varnish; or untreated (negative control). Microcosm biofilm was produced from human dental biofilm (from patients with head-neck cancer) mixed with McBain saliva for the first 8 h. After 16 h and from day 2 to day 5, McBain saliva (0.2% sucrose) was replaced daily (37 °C, 5% CO2) (biological triplicate). Demineralization was quantified by transverse microradiography (TMR), while biofilm was analyzed by using viability, colony-forming units (CFU) counting and lactic acid production assays. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA (p < 0.05). TiF4 and SDF were able to reduce mineral loss compared to placebo and the negative control. TiF4 and SDF significantly reduced the biofilm viability compared to negative control. TiF4 significantly reduced the CFU count of total microorganism, while only SDF affected total streptococci and mutans streptococci counts. The varnishes induced a reduction in lactic acid production compared to the negative control. TiF4 and SDF may be good alternatives to control the development of radiation-induced dentin caries.
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Cárie Dentária , Dentina , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/farmacologia , Lesões Experimentais por Radiação , Protetores contra Radiação/farmacologia , Compostos de Prata/farmacologia , Titânio/farmacologia , Raios X/efeitos adversos , Animais , Bovinos , Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Cárie Dentária/patologia , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Dentina/metabolismo , Dentina/patologia , Fluoretos Tópicos/farmacologia , Lesões Experimentais por Radiação/metabolismo , Lesões Experimentais por Radiação/patologia , Lesões Experimentais por Radiação/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The antimicrobial and anticaries effects of CaneCPI-5 were evaluated. Ninety bovine enamel samples were treated for 60 s with either phosphate-buffered-saline (PBS), 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), 0.05 mg ml-1 CaneCPI-5, 0.1 mg ml-1 CaneCPI-5 or 0.5 mg ml-1 CaneCPI-5. They were incubated with inoculum (human saliva + McBain's saliva) for the first 8 h. From then until the end of the experiment, the enamel was exposed to McBain saliva with sucrose and, once a day, for 5 days, they were treated with the solutions. At the end of the experimental period, resazurin and viable plate count assays were performed. Enamel demineralization was also measured. All concentrations of CaneCPI-5 and CHX significantly reduced the activity of biofilms compared with PBS. For viable plate counts, all treatments similarly reduced the lactobacilli and total streptococci; for the mutans streptococci, 0.05 mg ml-1 CaneCPI-5 performed better than CHX. All CaneCPI-5 concentrations significantly reduced the integrated mineral loss. This study represents the first step regarding the use of CaneCPI-5 within the concept of acquired enamel pellicle and biofilm engineering to prevent dental caries.
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Cistatinas , Cárie Dentária , Saccharum , Desmineralização do Dente , Animais , Biofilmes , Bovinos , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Saliva , Streptococcus mutansRESUMO
Abstract: This randomized three-armed controlled clinical trial compared the effect of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) and sodium fluoride (NaF) varnishes on caries control in smooth surfaces of permanent dentition and children's acceptability. Sixty children (6-8 y/o) were randomly divided into TiF4 (2.45% F-), NaF (2.26% F-) or placebo (control) groups. Varnishes were applied on permanent teeth once a week for the first 4 weeks and after the 6th and 12th months of the study. The variables were as follows: International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores, quantitative fluorescence changes, visual plaque index (VPI) and degree of acceptability. Two-way RM-ANOVA, ANOVA/Tukey and χ2 tests were performed (p < 0.05). No differences were found between the treatments with respect to ICDAS scores (p = 0.32). Only TiF4 reduced the mean fluorescence loss significantly at 18 months compared to the baseline (p = 0.003). TiF4 showed a lower percentage of new caries lesions by tooth surface than the placebo, while NaF did not induce such a change (p < 0.014). Regardless of the treatment, more than 95% of the participants reported being satisfied. For all groups, the VPI decreased significantly at 3 months compared to the baseline value (p < 0.001), with no differences between the treatments (p = 0.17). TiF4 had a similar ability to control caries lesions as NaF; however, only TiF4 differed from the placebo (p = 0.004). The acceptability of TiF4 varnish was similar to that of NaF varnish.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the protective effect against enamel erosion of experimental solutions containing TiF4/NaF and Chitosan compared to a commercial SnCl2/NaF/AmF solution. DESIGN: Bovine enamel samples were divided (n = 15/group) into: (1) commercial solution SnCl2/NaF/AmF (500 ppm F-, positive control); (2) NaF/TiF4 (490 ppm F-); (3) similar to 2 plus 0.5 % chitosan (Ch) (500 mPas), (4) similar to 2 plus 0.5 % chitosan (2000 mPas), (5) negative control (water), (6) 0.5 % chitosan (500 mPas) and (7) 0.5 % chitosan (2000 mPas). The samples were submitted to a pH cycling (0.1 % citric acid, 4 × 90 s/day, interposed by artificial saliva) and daily treatment application (after the last erosive challenge, 1 × 30 s/day) for seven days. After the first day, the surface reflection intensity changes (% rSRI) were measured. After 7 days, the erosive enamel loss was quantified by contact profilometer. The % rSRI and the enamel loss (µm) were compared using ANOVA/Tukey and Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn, respectively (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The solution containing TiF4/NaF plus Ch 500 mPas was the only able to reduce the early erosive demineralization compared to negative control (p = 0.003). However, it did not differ from the other solutions. Enamel samples treated with SnCl2/NaF/AmF presented the lowest median loss value [0.72 (0.18) µm] followed by both TiF4 + Ch [1.24 (0.49) and 1.28 (0.25)]; which significantly differed from the negative control [1.70 (0.27)]. CONCLUSION: The experimental solution containing TiF4/NaF plus chitosan (2000 mPas) has comparable effect to SnCl2/NaF/AmF on the protection against enamel erosion.
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Quitosana , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Fluoretos/farmacologia , Fluoreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Titânio/farmacologia , Erosão Dentária , Animais , Cariostáticos , Bovinos , Quitosana/farmacologia , Erosão Dentária/prevenção & controle , ViscosidadeRESUMO
The increased consumption of citrus sweets can contribute to the development of erosive tooth wear (ETW). Objective This in vitro study evaluated the erosive potential of citrus sweets on bovine enamel samples regarding the quantification of wear. Methodology Ninety bovine crowns were prepared and samples were randomly distributed into 6 groups (n=15): 0.1% citric acid solution (pH 2.5); Coca-Cola ® Soft Drink (pH 2.6); Fini ® Diet (lactic and citric acid, pH 3.3); Fini ® Jelly Kisses (lactic and citric acid, pH 3.5); Fini ® Fruit Salad Bubblegum (maleic acid, pH 2.6); Fini ® Regaliz Acid Tubes (maleic and citric acid, pH 3.1). Sweets were dissolved in the proportion of 40 g/250 mL of deionized water. Enamel samples were submitted to erosive challenges for 7 days (4 daily acid immersion cycles for 90 s each). Enamel wear was measured using contact profilometry (µm), and data (median values [interquartile range]) were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's test (p<0.0001). Results All citrus sweets tested present a high erosive potential, Fini Diet ® (2.4 [1.2]) and Fini Regaliz Tubs ® (2.2 [0.5]) show the highest erosive potential, similar to 0.1% citric acid (2.3 [0.7]); Fini Regaliz Tubs ® is more erosive than Coca-Cola ® (1.4 [0.9]). Conclusion The evaluated citrus sweets have great erosive potential and play a key role in the development of ETW.
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Citrus , Erosão Dentária , Desgaste dos Dentes , Animais , Bebidas Gaseificadas , Bovinos , Esmalte Dentário , Concentração de Íons de HidrogênioRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the antibiofilm and anti-caries effects of an experimental mouth rinse containing aqueous extract of Matricaria chamomilla L. METHODS: Microcosm biofilm was produced on bovine enamel, from pooled human saliva mixed with McBain saliva, under 0.2 % sucrose exposure, for 5 days. The biofilm was daily treated using (1â¯mL/1â¯min): Vochysia tucanorum Mart. (2.5â¯mg/mL); Myrcia bella Cambess. (1.25â¯mg/mL); Matricaria chamomilla L. (20â¯mg/mL); Malva sylvestris (Malvatricin® Plus-Daudt); 0.12 % Chlorhexidine (PerioGard®-Palmolive, Positive control) and PBS (Negative control). The % dead bacteria, biofilm thickness, EPS biovolume, lactic acid concentration, the CFU counting (total microorganisms, Lactobacillus sp., total streptococci and Streptococcus mutans/S. sobrinus) were determined. Enamel demineralization was measured by TMR. RESULTS: All mouth rinses induced bacterial death compared to PBS (pâ¯<â¯0.0001). The biofilm thickness varied from 12⯱â¯2⯵m (chlorhexidine) to 18⯱â¯2⯵m (V. tucanorum) (ANOVA/Tukey, pâ¯<â¯0.0001). The EPS biovolume varied from 7(4)% (chlorhexidine) to 30(20)% (PBS) (Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn, pâ¯<â¯0.0001). The lactic acid production was reduced by M. sylvestris (1.1⯱â¯0.2â¯g/L) and chlorhexidine (0.6⯱â¯0.2â¯g/L) compared to PBS (2.6⯱â¯1.3â¯g/L) (ANOVA, pâ¯<â¯0.0001). Malva sylvestris and chlorhexidine showed significant low CFU for total microorganisms, Lactobacillus sp. and total streptococci. Only chlorhexidine significantly reduced S. mutans/S. sobrinus. CFUs for total streptococci and Lactobacillus sp, were also significantly reduced by M. chamomilla L. Malva sylvestris (63.4 % of mineral loss reduction), chlorhexidine (47.4 %) and M. chamomilla L. (39.4 %) significantly reduced enamel demineralization compared to PBS (ANOVA/Tukey, pâ¯<â¯0.0001). CONCLUSION: M. chamomilla L. has lower antibiofilm action, but comparable anti-caries effect to those found for chlorhexidine, under this model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study shows that the antibiofilm and anti-caries potential may vary between the commercial and experimental mouth rinses containing natural agents, with promising results for those containing Matricaria chamomilla L. and Malva Sylvestris.
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Cárie Dentária , Matricaria , Desmineralização do Dente , Animais , Biofilmes , Cariostáticos , Bovinos , Clorexidina/farmacologia , Esmalte Dentário , Humanos , Antissépticos Bucais/farmacologia , Streptococcus mutansRESUMO
Abstract The increased consumption of citrus sweets can contribute to the development of erosive tooth wear (ETW). Objective This in vitro study evaluated the erosive potential of citrus sweets on bovine enamel samples regarding the quantification of wear. Methodology Ninety bovine crowns were prepared and samples were randomly distributed into 6 groups (n=15): 0.1% citric acid solution (pH 2.5); Coca-Cola ® Soft Drink (pH 2.6); Fini ® Diet (lactic and citric acid, pH 3.3); Fini ® Jelly Kisses (lactic and citric acid, pH 3.5); Fini ® Fruit Salad Bubblegum (maleic acid, pH 2.6); Fini ® Regaliz Acid Tubes (maleic and citric acid, pH 3.1). Sweets were dissolved in the proportion of 40 g/250 mL of deionized water. Enamel samples were submitted to erosive challenges for 7 days (4 daily acid immersion cycles for 90 s each). Enamel wear was measured using contact profilometry (μm), and data (median values [interquartile range]) were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's test (p<0.0001). Results All citrus sweets tested present a high erosive potential, Fini Diet ® (2.4 [1.2]) and Fini Regaliz Tubs ® (2.2 [0.5]) show the highest erosive potential, similar to 0.1% citric acid (2.3 [0.7]); Fini Regaliz Tubs ® is more erosive than Coca-Cola ® (1.4 [0.9]). Conclusion The evaluated citrus sweets have great erosive potential and play a key role in the development of ETW.
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Animais , Bovinos , Erosão Dentária , Citrus , Desgaste dos Dentes , Bebidas Gaseificadas , Esmalte Dentário , Concentração de Íons de HidrogênioRESUMO
The occurrence of caries lesions adjacent to restorations is a serious problem in Dentistry. Therefore, new antimicrobial restorative materials could help to prevent recurrent carious lesions. This study evaluated the effect of a new glass ionomer cement (Ion Z) on the viability of a microcosm biofilm and on the development of enamel demineralization. Enamel samples were filled with the following materials (n=9): A) Ion-Z (FGM Ltda); B) Maxxion R (FGM Ltda); C) Ketac Fil Plus (3M ESPE) and D) no restoration (control). The samples were then exposed to human saliva mixed with McBain saliva (1:50) containing 0.2% sucrose for 14 days. The live and dead bacteria were quantified by fluorescence using a confocal laser-scanning microscope. The enamel demineralization was analyzed using transverse microradiography (TMR). The data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn test (p<0.05). Ion Z induced a higher percentage of dead bacteria (60.96±12.0%) compared to the other groups (Maxxion R: 39.8±6.7%, Ketac Fil Plus: 43.7±9.71% and control 46.3±9.5%). All materials significantly reduced the average mineral loss compared to control (Ion-Z 25.0±4.2%vol, Maxxion R 23.4±8.0%vol, Ketac Fil Plus 30.7±7.7 and control 41.2±6.6%vol). Ion-Z was the only material able to significantly improve the mineral content at the surface layer (Zmax: 63.5±18.2%vol) compared to control (38.9±11.3%vol). Ion-Z shows antimicrobial potential, but its anti-caries effect was similar to the other materials, under this model.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Cariostáticos/farmacologia , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Restauração Dentária Permanente , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/farmacologia , Animais , Brasil , Bovinos , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Maleatos , Teste de Materiais , Saliva/microbiologia , Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus sobrinus , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
Abstract The occurrence of caries lesions adjacent to restorations is a serious problem in Dentistry. Therefore, new antimicrobial restorative materials could help to prevent recurrent carious lesions. This study evaluated the effect of a new glass ionomer cement (Ion Z) on the viability of a microcosm biofilm and on the development of enamel demineralization. Enamel samples were filled with the following materials (n=9): A) Ion-Z (FGM Ltda); B) Maxxion R (FGM Ltda); C) Ketac Fil Plus (3M ESPE) and D) no restoration (control). The samples were then exposed to human saliva mixed with McBain saliva (1:50) containing 0.2% sucrose for 14 days. The live and dead bacteria were quantified by fluorescence using a confocal laser-scanning microscope. The enamel demineralization was analyzed using transverse microradiography (TMR). The data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn test (p<0.05). Ion Z induced a higher percentage of dead bacteria (60.96±12.0%) compared to the other groups (Maxxion R: 39.8±6.7%, Ketac Fil Plus: 43.7±9.71% and control 46.3±9.5%). All materials significantly reduced the average mineral loss compared to control (Ion-Z 25.0±4.2%vol, Maxxion R 23.4±8.0%vol, Ketac Fil Plus 30.7±7.7 and control 41.2±6.6%vol). Ion-Z was the only material able to significantly improve the mineral content at the surface layer (Zmax: 63.5±18.2%vol) compared to control (38.9±11.3%vol). Ion-Z shows antimicrobial potential, but its anti-caries effect was similar to the other materials, under this model.
Resumo A ocorrência de lesões de cárie adjacentes a restaurações é um sério problema na Odontologia. Portanto, novos materiais restauradores antimicrobianos poderiam ajudar a prevenir as lesões cariosas recorrentes. Este estudo avaliou o efeito de um novo cimento de ionômero de vidro (Ion Z) sobre a viabilidade de um biofilme microcosmo e o desenvolvimento da desmineralização do esmalte. Amostras de esmalte foram restauradas com os seguintes materiais (n=9): A) Ion-Z (FGM Ltda); B) Maxxion R (FGM Ltda); C) Ketac Fil Plus (3M ESPE) e D) sem restauração (controle). As amostras foram submetidas a uma mistura de saliva humana com saliva de McBain (1:50) contendo sacarose a 0,2% por 14 dias. As bactérias vivas e mortas foram quantificadas por fluorescência usando um microscópio confocal de varredura à laser. A desmineralização do esmalte foi analisada usando microradiografia transversal (TMR). Os dados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA/Tukey ou Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn (p<0,05). O Ion Z induziu uma porcentagem mais elevada de bactérias mortas (60,96 ± 12,0%) comparado aos outros grupos (Maxxion R: 39,8 ± 6,7%, Ketac Fil Plus: 43,7 ± 9,71% e controle 46,3 ± 9,5%). Todos os materiais reduziram significativamente a perda mineral média em relação ao controle (Ion-Z 25,0 ± 4,2% vol, Maxxion R 23,4 ± 8,0% vol, Ketac Fil Plus 30,7 ± 7,7% vol e controle 41,2 ± 6,6% vol). O Ion-Z foi o único material capaz de melhorar significativamente o conteúdo mineral na camada superficial (Zmax: 63,5 ± 18,2% vol) em comparação com o controle (38,9 ± 11,3% vol). Ion-Z mostrou potencial antimicrobiano, mas seu efeito anti-cárie foi semelhante aos outros materiais, sob este modelo.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Cariostáticos/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Restauração Dentária Permanente , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Saliva/microbiologia , Streptococcus mutans , Propriedades de Superfície , Técnicas In Vitro , Teste de Materiais , Brasil , Bovinos , Streptococcus sobrinus , MaleatosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effect of an experimental NaF/TiF4 mouth rinse with a commercial tin/F mouth rinse on the prevention of tooth wear in situ. METHODS: Fifteen subjects took part in this crossover and double-blind study, in which they wore a palatal appliance with 8 bovine teeth samples (4 enamel and 4 root dentine) in each of 3 phases (5â¯days each). Half of the samples were subjected to erosive challenges, and the other half to erosive plus abrasive challenges. The phases corresponded to the use of 1) Experimental solution containing NaF/TiF4 (189â¯ppmâ¯Ti+4, 500â¯ppm F-, pH 4.4); 2) commercial solution containing SnCl2/NaF/AmF (800â¯ppmâ¯Sn+2, 500â¯ppm F-, pH 4.5, Elmex®/GABA, positive control); 3) distilled water (negative control). Erosive challenges were performed using 0.1% citric acid (pH 2.5) for 90â¯s 4 times per day. The abrasion was done using a toothbrush and slurry of fluoride toothpaste, for 15â¯s 2 times per day. Thereafter, the subjects rinsed with the tested mouth rinse for 60s. Tooth wear was measured using contact profilometry (µm) and submitted to a two-way RM ANOVA/Bonferroni test (pâ¯<â¯0.05). RESULTS: No significant differences were detected between the experimental and the commercial mouth rinses, regardless of the challenge. Both fluoride mouth rinses were able to significantly reduce tooth wear compared to the negative control (pâ¯<â¯0.0001). No significant differences were detected with respect to tooth wear between the challenges (erosion and erosion plus abrasion). CONCLUSION: The experimental NaF/TiF4 mouth rinse has a similar protective effect to the commercial one against tooth wear in situ. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The experimental NaF/TiF4 solution protected against tooth wear in situ, regardless of the challenge (erosion or erosion plus abrasion), for both enamel and dentine, similarly to a commercial solution (tin/F-Elmex®) applied for this proposal. This result supports the conduction of clinical trials and a possible application of this solution in the future.
Assuntos
Fluoretos/uso terapêutico , Antissépticos Bucais/uso terapêutico , Fluoreto de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Titânio/uso terapêutico , Abrasão Dentária/prevenção & controle , Erosão Dentária/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Brasil , Bovinos , Estudos Cross-Over , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Dentina , Diaminas/uso terapêutico , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Antissépticos Bucais/química , Compostos de Estanho/uso terapêutico , Escovação Dentária , Cremes Dentais/uso terapêutico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) is known for interacting with enamel reducing demineralization. However, no information is available about its potential antimicrobial effect. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the antimicrobial and anti-caries potential of TiF4 varnish compared to NaF varnish, chlorhexidine gel (positive control), placebo varnish and untreated (negative controls) using a dental microcosm biofilm model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A microcosm biofilm was produced on bovine enamel previously treated with the varnishes, using inoculum from human saliva mixed with McBain saliva, under 0.2% sucrose exposure, for 14 days. All experiments were performed in biological triplicate (n=4/group in each experiment). Factors evaluated were: bacterial viability (% dead and live bacteria); CFU counting (log10 CFU/mL); and enamel demineralization (transverse microradiography - TMR). Data were analysed using ANOVA/Tukey's test or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Only chlorhexidine significantly increased the number of dead bacteria (68.8±13.1% dead bacteria) compared to untreated control (48.9±16.1% dead bacteria). No treatment reduced the CFU counting (total microorganism and total streptococci) compared to the negative controls. Only TiF4 was able to reduce enamel demineralization (ΔZ 1110.7±803.2 vol% µm) compared to both negative controls (untreated: ΔZ 4455.3±1176.4 vol% µm). CONCLUSIONS: TiF4 varnish has no relevant antimicrobial effect. Nevertheless, TiF4 varnish was effective in reducing enamel demineralization under this model.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Cariostáticos/farmacologia , Esmalte Dentário/microbiologia , Fluoretos/farmacologia , Streptococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Titânio/farmacologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Bovinos , Clorexidina/farmacologia , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Microrradiografia , Efeito Placebo , Distribuição Aleatória , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Saliva/microbiologia , Fluoreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Streptococcus/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) has regained interest due to new formulations that have been shown to be more effective against tooth demineralization than sodium fluoride (NaF) formulations in vitro and in situ. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of two types of varnishes (4% TiF4 and a commercial 5% NaF) on the prevention of carious lesions and the treatment of noncavitated enamel carious lesions in the permanent teeth of children living in a fluoridated area. METHODS: This randomized, controlled, parallel and single-blind clinical trial involves 63 children, 6-7 years old, living in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Children were selected according to their caries activity (ie, presence of at least 1 tooth with a Nyvad score of 1) and randomly divided into the following treatment categories: 4% TiF4 varnish (2.45 % F-, pH 1, FGM); 5% NaF varnish (2.26% F-, pH 5, Duraphat, Colgate) and control (placebo varnish, pH 5, FGM). The varnishes will be applied on all permanent teeth, once a week for 4 weeks and they will be reapplied only once 6 and 12 months after the study begins. Two calibrated examiners will carry out the clinical examination (International Caries Detection and Assessment System [ICDAS] and Nyvad indexes, kappa>.8) at baseline, before the first application, after the 1st, 6th, 12th, and 18th month of the study begins. Furthermore, quantitative fluorescence changes will be measured using Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence (QLF). The degree of patient satisfaction with the treatment will also be computed. The data will undergo statistical analysis (P<.05). RESULTS: This ongoing study is funded by funding agencies from Brazil (São Paulo Research Foundation, FAPESP-015/14149-1, and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, CNPq-401313/2016-6). We expect to confirm the efficacy of TiF4 on the prevention and treatment of carious lesions by comparing it to NaF varnish. The subjects are under 1 month evaluation and the dropout was about 8%. No differences between the treatments have been detected at the first month so far (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: If our hypothesis is confirmed, TiF4 varnish can be marketed and applied at the individual level and used in community programs to control dental caries. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: RBR-5VWJ4Y; http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/?q=RBR-5VWJ4Y (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6wUurEnm7).
RESUMO
Abstract Titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) is known for interacting with enamel reducing demineralization. However, no information is available about its potential antimicrobial effect. Objectives This study evaluated the antimicrobial and anti-caries potential of TiF4 varnish compared to NaF varnish, chlorhexidine gel (positive control), placebo varnish and untreated (negative controls) using a dental microcosm biofilm model. Material and Methods A microcosm biofilm was produced on bovine enamel previously treated with the varnishes, using inoculum from human saliva mixed with McBain saliva, under 0.2% sucrose exposure, for 14 days. All experiments were performed in biological triplicate (n=4/group in each experiment). Factors evaluated were: bacterial viability (% dead and live bacteria); CFU counting (log10 CFU/mL); and enamel demineralization (transverse microradiography - TMR). Data were analysed using ANOVA/Tukey's test or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's test (p<0.05). Results Only chlorhexidine significantly increased the number of dead bacteria (68.8±13.1% dead bacteria) compared to untreated control (48.9±16.1% dead bacteria). No treatment reduced the CFU counting (total microorganism and total streptococci) compared to the negative controls. Only TiF4 was able to reduce enamel demineralization (ΔZ 1110.7±803.2 vol% μm) compared to both negative controls (untreated: ΔZ 4455.3±1176.4 vol% μm). Conclusions TiF4 varnish has no relevant antimicrobial effect. Nevertheless, TiF4 varnish was effective in reducing enamel demineralization under this model.