RESUMO

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) systems and the thinning of eucalyptus trees on the agronomical performance of soybean. Treatments consisted of cultivation under: crops under full sunlight (CFS) conditions; ICLF with triple-row tree configuration (ICLFT) in which trees were submitted to selective thinning in the fifth year after planting through removal of 50% of trees while maintaining triple-row bands; and ICLF with single-row tree band configuration (ICLFS) in which the lateral rows of the triple-row tree bands were subjected to systematic thinning at the fourth year after planting. The physiological and agronomical variables of the soybean crop were evaluated at the R5 and R8 reproductive stages during the eighth harvesting season (2018/2019). Soybean sampling was carried out at five random positions in the CFS and in four transects at distances of 3, 6, 10 and 15 m from the tree bands in both the north and south faces of the ICLF systems. There were no differences between soybean grown under the ICLF and CFS systems with respect to specific leaf area, plant density, lodging index and mass of a thousand grains. However, the ICLF increased dry leaf mass and leaf area index and reduced soybean plant heights. Soybean productivity was reduced by 26% in ICLF-T and 14% in ICLF-S, that is, a 12% reduction in the productivity loss with systematic thinning. It is concluded that ICLF reduces soybean productivity in the effective grain production area of the system, regardless of the degree of thinning, although systematic thinning by removing the lateral tree lines to conversion of triple-rows into single-rows minimizes the loss of soybean grain yield.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta (ILPF) e do desbaste das árvores de eucalipto sobre o desempenho agronômico da soja. Os tratamentos consistiram em cultivo convencional a pleno sol (CPS), ILPF com configuração de fileira tripla (ILPF-T), em que as fileiras triplas de árvores foram submetidas ao desbaste seletivo no quinto ano após o plantio por meio da remoção de 50% das árvores e ILPF com configuração de fileira simples (ILPF-S), em que as faixas triplas de árvores foram submetidas ao desbaste sistemático no quarto ano após o plantio resultando em fileiras simples. As variáveis fisiológicas e agronômicas da soja foram avaliadas nos estágios reprodutivos R5 e R8 durante a oitava safra (2018/2019). As amostragens de soja foram realizadas em cinco posições aleatórias no CPS, enquanto as coletas foram realizadas em quatro transectos a distâncias de 3, 6, 10 e 15 m das faixas das árvores nas faces norte e sul dos sistemas ILPF. Não houve diferenças entre a soja cultivada nos sistemas ILPF e CPS em relação à área foliar específica, densidade de plantas, índice de acamamento e massa de mil grãos. No entanto, a ILPF aumentou a massa de folhas secas e o índice de área foliar e reduziu as alturas das plantas de soja. No desbaste seletivo de 50% das árvores (ILPF-T) a perda de produtividade da soja foi de 26%, enquanto no desbaste sistemático (ILPF-S) ela foi de 14%, ou seja, redução de 12% na perda de produtividade da soja. Portanto, a ILPF reduz o rendimento de grãos da soja independente da intensidade do desbaste realizado e o desbaste sistemático, com remoção das linhas laterais para conversão do sistema para linhas simples (ILPF-S) proporciona menor perda de rendimento de grãos da soja.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Double pruning extended the harvest season of wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) to dry winter, enabling production of high quality wines in the southeastern Brazil. Winter harvest allows grapes to fulfill not only technological maturation, but also phenolic ripeness. Winter wines from Syrah grapes harvested from eight vineyards in southeastern Brazil during three harvests were analyzed for their chemical and aromatic composition after bottling and after ageing for 20, 30, and 42 months in bottle. Winter wines have high content of total phenolic compounds, which remained almost constant through ageing, as well as color intensity. Malvidin 3-O-glucoside stood out among anthocyanins, remaining 5-10 % after 39 months of ageing. Moreover, malvidin 3-O-glucoside-pyruvic acid was the main pyranoanthocyanin identified in winter wine. Polymerized pigments index ranged from 54 % at bottling to 80 % after 42 months of ageing. Young winter wines are rich in ester and monoterpene, as well as alcoholic volatile compounds responsible for ethereal, fruity, flowery, fresh and sweet aromas. Aged winter wines showed higher contents of furfural, geranyl ethyl ether, isoamyl decanoate, α-muurolene and α-calacorene, contributing to sweet, fruity and woody aromas. Syrah winter wines are characterized by high content of phenolic compounds and color stability, and keep good sensorial characteristics after ageing in bottle.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Double pruning extended the harvest season of wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) to dry winter, enabling production of high quality wines in the southeastern Brazil. Winter harvest allows grapes to fulfill not only technological maturation, but also phenolic ripeness. Winter wines from Syrah grapes harvested from eight vineyards in southeastern Brazil during three harvests were analyzed for their chemical and aromatic composition after bottling and after ageing for 20, 30, and 42 months in bottle. Winter wines have high content of total phenolic compounds, which remained almost constant through ageing, as well as color intensity. Malvidin 3-O-glucoside stood out among anthocyanins, remaining 5-10 % after 39 months of ageing. Moreover, malvidin 3-O-glucoside-pyruvic acid was the main pyranoanthocyanin identified in winter wine. Polymerized pigments index ranged from 54 % at bottling to 80 % after 42 months of ageing. Young winter wines are rich in ester and monoterpene, as well as alcoholic volatile compounds responsible for ethereal, fruity, flowery, fresh and sweet aromas. Aged winter wines showed higher contents of furfural, geranyl ethyl ether, isoamyl decanoate, α-muurolene and α-calacorene, contributing to sweet, fruity and woody aromas. Syrah winter wines are characterized by high content of phenolic compounds and color stability, and keep good sensorial characteristics after ageing in bottle.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Tumores testiculares são neoplasias de genitália muito comuns em cães, aparentando estar fortemente relacionados ao criptorquidismo. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de tumores testiculares em um cão de quatro anos com criptorquidia, que apresentou aumento de volume na região inguinal direita, sinais de feminização associado à anemia normocítica enormocrômica. O exame histopatológico concluiu tratar-se de seminoma e sertolioma. Após dois meses da orquiectomia bilateral, o cão teve regressão das manifestações clínicas.(AU)

Testicular tumors are some very common sort of genitalia neoplasie in dogs, appearing tobe strongly related to cryptorchidism. This article aims to report a case of testicular tumor in a four years old dog with cryptorchidism, that presented an increased volume in the right inguinal region,signs of feminization associated to normocytic and normochromic anemia. The histopathological test concluded that the case was referred to a seminoma and sertolyoma diseases. After two months of bilateral orchiectomy, the clinical symptoms were eliminated from the dog.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Tumores testiculares são neoplasias de genitália muito comuns em cães, aparentando estar fortemente relacionados ao criptorquidismo. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de tumores testiculares em um cão de quatro anos com criptorquidia, que apresentou aumento de volume na região inguinal direita, sinais de feminização associado à anemia normocítica enormocrômica. O exame histopatológico concluiu tratar-se de seminoma e sertolioma. Após dois meses da orquiectomia bilateral, o cão teve regressão das manifestações clínicas.

Testicular tumors are some very common sort of genitalia neoplasie in dogs, appearing tobe strongly related to cryptorchidism. This article aims to report a case of testicular tumor in a four years old dog with cryptorchidism, that presented an increased volume in the right inguinal region,signs of feminization associated to normocytic and normochromic anemia. The histopathological test concluded that the case was referred to a seminoma and sertolyoma diseases. After two months of bilateral orchiectomy, the clinical symptoms were eliminated from the dog.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In the Brazilian Southeast, the production of high quality wines is attained by a new management approach called double pruning. This management changes the harvesting of wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) from wet summer to dry winter through a two pruning procedures carried out during the year. The first pruning is done during the winter to induce a vegetative cycle (all clusters are removed) and a second pruning is done during the summer to induce the reproductive cycle. In this study, ten different rootstocks were compared in order to optimize yield and wine quality of Syrah vines conducted under autumn-winter season by double pruning approach. Syrah grapevines grafted onto 'Rupestris du Lot' and 'IAC 766' showed the highest pruning weight, while '110 Richter' and '161-49 Courdec' induced the lowest cane vigor. The average production of two seasons identified 'IAC 766', 'Kober 5BB' and 'Rupestris du Lot' as the most productive rootstocks. In both seasons, the grape quality was more influenced by the plant development status than by rootstocks. 'Syrah' wine from vigorous and high yielding rootstocks, 'IAC 766' and 'Rupestris du Lot', showed satisfactory wine phenolic composition and alcohol/acidity balance. This study showed that vigorous rootstock increased yield without compromising grape and winter wine quality of Syrah grapevines subjected to double pruning management in the Brazilian Southeast.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In the Brazilian Southeast, the production of high quality wines is attained by a new management approach called double pruning. This management changes the harvesting of wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) from wet summer to dry winter through a two pruning procedures carried out during the year. The first pruning is done during the winter to induce a vegetative cycle (all clusters are removed) and a second pruning is done during the summer to induce the reproductive cycle. In this study, ten different rootstocks were compared in order to optimize yield and wine quality of Syrah vines conducted under autumn-winter season by double pruning approach. Syrah grapevines grafted onto 'Rupestris du Lot' and 'IAC 766' showed the highest pruning weight, while '110 Richter' and '161-49 Courdec' induced the lowest cane vigor. The average production of two seasons identified 'IAC 766', 'Kober 5BB' and 'Rupestris du Lot' as the most productive rootstocks. In both seasons, the grape quality was more influenced by the plant development status than by rootstocks. 'Syrah' wine from vigorous and high yielding rootstocks, 'IAC 766' and 'Rupestris du Lot', showed satisfactory wine phenolic composition and alcohol/acidity balance. This study showed that vigorous rootstock increased yield without compromising grape and winter wine quality of Syrah grapevines subjected to double pruning management in the Brazilian Southeast.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A imobilizacao e um processo que acomete diversos elementos corporais, incluindo o balanco proteico entre sintese e degradacao, decorrentes da atrofia. A terapia aquatica e uma atividade que favorece o desenvolvimento muscular e pode ser utilizada como mecanismode recuperacao funcional. O objetivo foi verificar se existe alteração na quantidade de proteinas no musculo respiratorio de ratos após imobilizacao de pata, recuperados por terapia aquatica. Foram utilizadas 20 ratas Wistar femeas com } 8 semanas divididas em: Controle (C), Imobilizado (I), Terapia aquatica (TA) e Terapia Aquatica pos Imobilizacao (TAI). A imobilizacao ocorreu por duas semanas, envolvendo o tronco e o membro inferior direito. Os animais foram anestesiados (ketamina/xilasina) e sacrificados para a retirada do diafragma. A terapia aquatica ocorreu por tres semanas, seis dias por semana iniciando com 2 minutos com acrescimo de dois minutos por dia chegando a duracao de 36 minutos no ultimo dia. Para a avaliacao muscular foi realizada a dosagem de proteinas musculares,pelo metodo de Bradford (1976), e de nitrito muscular, relacionado ao ciclo de degradacao proteica, por meio do Reagente de Griess. Para a analise estatistica utilizou-se Anova One-Way, com post hoc de Tukey e teste de correlacao de Pearson, com significancia de p < 0,05. Os resultados foram expressos em media (}) erro padrao. Na dosagem de proteinas obtiveram-se os seguintes valores: de 47,63 } 7,016 para o C, 29,80 } 3,326 para o I, 68,69 } 1,661 para o TA e 39,53 } 4,004 para o TAI, de modo que houve diferenca estatistica (p < 0,05) entre os grupos C x I, C x TA, I x TA e TA x TAI. No que diz respeito a dosagem de nitrito, os achados foram de 0,5004 } 0,09548 para o C, 1,210 } 0,1503 para o I, 0,4371 } 0,07535 para o TA e 0,7288 } 0,1153 para o TAI, de forma que houve diferenca estatistica (p < 0,05) entre os grupos C x I, I x TA e I x TAI...

Immobilization is a process that affects many body elements,including balance between protein synthesis and degradation, resultingfrom atrophy. The aquatic therapy promotes muscle strengthand can be used as a mechanism for functional recovery. This studyaimed at establishing changes in protein content in respiratory musclesof rats after paw immobilization, recovered by aquatic therapy.We used 20 female Wistar rats with ± 8 weeks divided into: control(C), Immobilization (I), Aquatic Therapy (AT) and Aquatic Therapyafter Immobilization (IAT). The period of immobilization wastwo weeks, involving the trunk and lower limb. The animals wereanesthetized (ketamine/xylazine) and sacrificed for removal of thediaphragm. The water therapy was performed for three weeks, sixdays a week, beginning with 2 minutes-session and increase by twominutes until 36 minutes on the last day. Measurement of muscleprotein was used to asses muscle strength, according to Bradfordmethod, and nitrite, related to protein degradation cycle, was assessedusing Griess Reagent System. For statistical analysis we usedOne-Way Anova with post hoc Tukey test and Pearson correlation,with significance of p < 0.05. The results were expressed as mean (±)SEM. The protein measurement values were as following: 47.63 ±7.016 for C, 29.80 ± 3.326 for the I, 68.69 ± 1.661 to ± 4.004 RTand 39.53 to TAI, so there was no statistical difference (p < 0.05)between groups C x I x C x TA I and TA x TA x TAI. As regards tonitrite, the findings were 0.5004 ± 0.09548 to C, 0.1503 ± 1.210for the I, 0.4371 ± 0.07535 to RT and 0.7288 ± 0 1153 for theIAT, so there was no statistical difference (p < 0.05) between groupsC x I, I x I x TA and TAI.There was correlation between proteinand nitrite (p < 0.0001) and this is negative (-0.852)...

Assuntos