RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Solid pseudopapillary pancreatic neoplasia is usually a large well-circumscribed pancreatic mass, with cystic and solid areas more frequently found in young women. It is a benign pancreatic neoplasia in most cases, therefore minimally invasive surgery could be an interesting approach. AIM: Evaluate the results of minimally invasive surgery for this neoplasia. METHODS: Patients with this tumor who underwent minimally invasive pancreatectomies between 2009 and 2015 in a single institution, were analyzed regarding demographic, clinical-pathological futures, post-operative morbidity and disease-free survival. RESULTS: All were women, and their median age was 39 (18-54) years. Two patients with tumor in the head of the pancreas underwent laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy, and another one underwent laparoscopic enucleation. Two patients with tumor in the neck underwent central pancreatectomy. Distal pancreatectomies were performed in the other five, one with splenic preservation. None required blood transfusion or conversion to open surgery. Two (20%) developed clinical relevant pancreatic fistulas, requiring readmission. Median length of postoperative hospital stay was five days (2-8). All resection margins were negative. Patients were followed for a median of 38 months (14-71), and there was no recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive surgery for solid pseudopapillary pancreatic neoplasia is feasible for tumors in different locations in the pancreas. It was associated with acceptable morbidity and respected the oncologic principles for treatment.
RACIONAL: Tumores sólidos pseudopapilíferos do pâncreas são em geral massas circunscritas, com componentes sólidos e císticos, mais frequentemente encontrados em mulheres jovens. Na maioria dos casos, são neoplasias benignas e portanto, a abordagem minimamente invasiva pode ser considerada vantajosa. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados das pancreatectomias laparoscópicas em pacientes com esses tumores. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados pacientes submetidos à pancreatectomias minimamente invasivas em um única instituição. Foram analisadas variáveis demográficas, clinicopatológicas, complicações pós-operatórias e sobrevida. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes eram mulheres e a idade mediana foi de 39 (18-54) anos. Duas pacientes com tumores na cabeça do pâncreas foram submetidas à duodenopancreatectomia e outra à enucleação. Duas pacientes com tumores no colo do pâncreas realizaram pancreatectomia central. Outras cinco com neoplasias no corpo e cauda foram submetidas à pancreatectomia distal, uma delas com preservação do baço. Nenhuma necessitou de conversão para laparotomia. Houve duas fístulas pancreáticas clinicamente relevantes (20%). O tempo mediano de internação foi de cinco (2 a 8) dias e duas pacientes foram reinternadas (20%). Todas as margens de ressecção foram negativas e após seguimento mediano de 38 (14-71) semanas, todas estavam livres de doença. CONCLUSÃO: As ressecções pancreáticas minimamente invasivas de tumores sólidos pseudopapilíferos são factíveis para tumores em diferentes localizações no pâncreas, com morbidade aceitável obedecendo-se os princípios oncológicos para o tratamento dessas neoplasias.
Assuntos
Laparoscopia , Pancreatectomia/métodos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
ABSTRACT Background: Solid pseudopapillary pancreatic neoplasia is usually a large well-circumscribed pancreatic mass, with cystic and solid areas more frequently found in young women. It is a benign pancreatic neoplasia in most cases, therefore minimally invasive surgery could be an interesting approach. Aim: Evaluate the results of minimally invasive surgery for this neoplasia. Methods: Patients with this tumor who underwent minimally invasive pancreatectomies between 2009 and 2015 in a single institution, were analyzed regarding demographic, clinical-pathological futures, post-operative morbidity and disease-free survival. Results: All were women, and their median age was 39 (18-54) years. Two patients with tumor in the head of the pancreas underwent laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy, and another one underwent laparoscopic enucleation. Two patients with tumor in the neck underwent central pancreatectomy. Distal pancreatectomies were performed in the other five, one with splenic preservation. None required blood transfusion or conversion to open surgery. Two (20%) developed clinical relevant pancreatic fistulas, requiring readmission. Median length of postoperative hospital stay was five days (2-8). All resection margins were negative. Patients were followed for a median of 38 months (14-71), and there was no recurrence. Conclusions: Minimally invasive surgery for solid pseudopapillary pancreatic neoplasia is feasible for tumors in different locations in the pancreas. It was associated with acceptable morbidity and respected the oncologic principles for treatment.
RESUMO Racional: Tumores sólidos pseudopapilíferos do pâncreas são em geral massas circunscritas, com componentes sólidos e císticos, mais frequentemente encontrados em mulheres jovens. Na maioria dos casos, são neoplasias benignas e portanto, a abordagem minimamente invasiva pode ser considerada vantajosa. Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados das pancreatectomias laparoscópicas em pacientes com esses tumores. Métodos: Foram avaliados pacientes submetidos à pancreatectomias minimamente invasivas em um única instituição. Foram analisadas variáveis demográficas, clinicopatológicas, complicações pós-operatórias e sobrevida. Resultados: Todos os pacientes eram mulheres e a idade mediana foi de 39 (18-54) anos. Duas pacientes com tumores na cabeça do pâncreas foram submetidas à duodenopancreatectomia e outra à enucleação. Duas pacientes com tumores no colo do pâncreas realizaram pancreatectomia central. Outras cinco com neoplasias no corpo e cauda foram submetidas à pancreatectomia distal, uma delas com preservação do baço. Nenhuma necessitou de conversão para laparotomia. Houve duas fístulas pancreáticas clinicamente relevantes (20%). O tempo mediano de internação foi de cinco (2 a 8) dias e duas pacientes foram reinternadas (20%). Todas as margens de ressecção foram negativas e após seguimento mediano de 38 (14-71) semanas, todas estavam livres de doença. Conclusão: As ressecções pancreáticas minimamente invasivas de tumores sólidos pseudopapilíferos são factíveis para tumores em diferentes localizações no pâncreas, com morbidade aceitável obedecendo-se os princípios oncológicos para o tratamento dessas neoplasias.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Pancreatectomia/métodos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Laparoscopia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente InvasivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard for gallstone disease. Postoperative pain still is considerable and may prevent early discharge. METHODS: A randomized controlled blind clinical trial was designed for all patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The groups were control (group A), preincisional trocar wound infiltration with bupivacaine (group B), and preincisional trocar wound infiltration and intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine over the gallbladder and liver surface before starting the dissection (group C). The operative technique and postoperative analgesia were standardized. The pain in 6 hours was assessed with the visual analog scale as the primary outcome. RESULTS: The visual analog pain scores in the intraperitoneal bupivacaine were similar to the trocar wound infiltration alone and both were lower than the control group (P=0.05616). CONCLUSIONS: Intraperitoneal application of local anesthetics and trocar wound infiltration did not lower the pain scores in comparison with trocar wound infiltration in our study.
Assuntos
Anestesia Local/métodos , Bupivacaína/administração & dosagem , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/métodos , Colelitíase/cirurgia , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , Dor Pós-Operatória/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease with an unknown etiology. The pulmonary interstitium is mainly involved, with noncaseating granulomas and lymphadenopathy. It is a multisystemic disease, and the differential diagnosis should include infectious, neoplastic, and autoimmune diseases to prevent inappropriate treatment and unnecessary surgery. Abdominal disease without evidence of pulmonary abnormalities on chest radiography in sarcoidosis can be found in approximately 25% to 38% of cases. The approach to isolated splenic nodules in a patient with nonspecific abdominal symptoms should be focused on exclusion of malignancies and infections, and may require computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography- computed tomography imaging; scintigraphy; bone marrow biopsy; breast and genital examinations; and endoscopies. This report documents a rare case of isolated granulomatous disease of the spleen that was diagnosed and treated laparoscopically. CASE: A 29-year-old woman presented with nonspecific complaints such as nausea, vomiting, and epigastric discomfort. Further laboratory test results were normal. Abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple splenic lesions. Additional examination findings were negative for occult neoplasia or infectious disease. Laparoscopic splenectomy was performed as a diagnostic procedure, without complications, and the final diagnosis was sarcoidosis. CONCLUSION: Isolated splenic sarcoidosis is a rare manifestation of extrapulmonary disease. The final diagnosis may be achieved only by histology, requiring biopsy or splenectomy. Minimally invasive surgery is a safe and efficient method for diseases of the spleen and should be the first option when feasible. The patient did well; however, further monitoring is required to diagnose recurrence.
Assuntos
Laparoscopia , Sarcoidose/cirurgia , Esplenectomia/métodos , Esplenopatias/cirurgia , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Sarcoidose/diagnóstico , Esplenopatias/diagnóstico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
The pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) remains unknown. Several findings suggest a role for the immune system. This study aimed to evaluate immune mediators in INS by measuring plasma and urinary levels of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES/CCL5) and IL-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) in pediatric patients with INS and in age-matched healthy controls. Patients were divided according to their response to corticosteroids: steroid-sensitive (SS, n = 8), or steroid-resistant (SR, n = 24). Immune mediators were also compared in regard with disease activity (relapse and remission). Immune mediators were measured by ELISA. Plasma TGF-beta1 levels in SR patients were approximately 2.8-fold higher than control values (p < 0.05). Urinary IL-8/CXCL8 was 2.9-fold higher in INS patients in relapse (proteinuria >100 mg/m2/24 h) when compared with patients in remission (p < 0.05), and levels had a positive correlation with individual proteinuria values (p < 0.05). Urinary IL-8/CXCL8 was significantly higher in relapsed SR than in SS patients in remission. No changes in MCP-1/CCL2 and RANTES/CCL5 levels were detected. Our findings suggest that IL-8/CXCL8 and TGF-beta1 are involved in the pathogenesis of INS: IL-8/CXCL8 associated with local changes in glomerular permeability and TGF-beta1 could be related to worse response to corticosteroids.
Assuntos
Fatores Imunológicos , Interleucina-8/imunologia , Síndrome Nefrótica , Proteinúria/imunologia , Adolescente , Quimiocina CCL2/sangue , Quimiocina CCL2/urina , Quimiocina CCL5/sangue , Quimiocina CCL5/urina , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores Imunológicos/sangue , Fatores Imunológicos/imunologia , Fatores Imunológicos/urina , Interleucina-8/sangue , Interleucina-8/urina , Masculino , Síndrome Nefrótica/metabolismo , Síndrome Nefrótica/fisiopatologia , Proteinúria/sangue , Proteinúria/urina , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/sangue , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/urinaRESUMO
O termo Acidose Tubular Renal (ATR) engloba diversas afecções caracterizadas por acidose metabólica secundária a um defeito na reabsorção tubular renal de HCO 3- e/ou na excreção urinária de H+, enquanto a função glomerular é nada ou minimamente afetada. Todas as formas de ATR apresentamacidose metabólica hiperclorêmica, com intervalo aniônico normal. São doenças crônicas com impacto significativo na qualidade de vida dos pacientesquando não tratadas adequadamente, podendo evoluir com déficit do crescimento, osteoporose, raquitismo, nefrolitíase e até perda da função renal.Podem ser primárias, decorrentes de defeitos genéticos nos mecanismos de transporte dos túbulos renais, ou secundárias a doenças sistêmicas ou aoefeito adverso de medicamentos. Neste artigo, é feita uma breve revisão da homeostase ácido-básica pelo rim, discutindo-se, a seguir, aspectos dafisiopatologia, diagnóstico e abordagem das acidoses tubulares renais em pediatria.
The term Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) defines many disorders characterized by metabolic acidosis, secondary to defects in renal tubular reabsorption ofHCO3 - and/or in urinary excretion of H+, while glomerular function is little or not affected. All forms of RTA present hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, witha normal anion gap. When not adequately treated, these chronic diseases can have a significant impact on the quality of life of affected patients, and can evolve into growth failure, osteoporosis, rickets, nephrolithiasis and even renal insufficiency. These disorders can be primary, originating from genetic defectson tubular transport mechanisms, or can be secondary to systemic diseases and to adverse drug reactions. In this article, the mechanisms of acid-baseregulation by the kidney are briefly reviewed, followed by a presentation of the latest evidence regarding physiopathology, diagnosis and management ofrenal tubular acidosis in pediatric patients.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Acidose Tubular Renal/complicações , Acidose Tubular Renal/diagnóstico , Nefrocalcinose/diagnóstico , Nefrocalcinose/etiologia , Nefrolitíase/diagnóstico , Nefrolitíase/etiologia , Raquitismo/etiologiaRESUMO
Este artigo de revisão aborda aspectos gerais do metabolismo e da hemeostase do cálcio e do fósforo, bem como a fisiopatologia, as principais causas, as manifestações clínicas, os passos para o diagnóstico e o tratamento dos distúrbios do cálcio (hipocalcemia e hipercalcemia) e do fósforo ( hipofosfatemia e hiperfosfatemia) na infância e na adolscência.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Hipercalcemia/diagnóstico , Hipocalcemia/diagnóstico , Hipofosfatemia/diagnóstico , Hipercalcemia/terapia , Hiperfosfatemia/terapia , Hipocalcemia/terapiaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The association between idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) and reduced bone mineral density (BMD) has been described in adults and children. Frequently, hypocitraturia (HC) is an associated condition. To determine the effect that HC may have on bone metabolism of these patients, we studied 88 children with IH at diagnosis, divided into the following groups: group 1-44 (50%) patients with associated HC; group 2-44 (50%) patients without HC; group 3 (29 subjects), a healthy control group. Urinary and blood electrolytes, as long as urinary N-telopeptide, were measured. Lumbar spine (L2-L4) and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. There was no difference in age between the three groups (P=0.80), but weight, height, body mass index, and bone age were lower (P<0.01) and serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was higher (P<0.05) in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3. N-telopeptide, measured in urine, did not differ between groups. The following bone densitometry parameters: lumbar spine BMC, BMC adjusted for height (BMCh), BMC adjusted for width of vertebrae (BMCw) and BMD, as well as femoral neck BMD, were significantly lower in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 (P<0.01). When we corrected densitometry parameters for height, BMC was lower in group 1 and not in group 2 when compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: Children with IH and associated HC may have a higher risk of bone mass loss and consequent osteopenia. Further studies are needed to assess the role that hypocitraturia may have in this form of bone disease.
Assuntos
Densidade Óssea , Distúrbios do Metabolismo do Cálcio/complicações , Distúrbios do Metabolismo do Cálcio/urina , Ácido Cítrico/urina , Adolescente , Distúrbios do Metabolismo do Cálcio/metabolismo , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ácido Cítrico/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , MasculinoRESUMO
Some children with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) develop bone alterations at some stage of the disease. The aims of this study were to evaluate bone mass in 88 children with IH (G1) at the time of diagnosis and to compare the findings with data for a control group of 29 normal children (G2). Kidney and bone metabolism markers were measured in both groups, and bone densitometry was performed. Serum alkaline phosphatase, intact parathyroid hormone, urinary calcium and uric acid were significantly higher in G1, whereas urinary volume and urinary citrate excretion were lower. The following densitometric parameters were significantly lower in G1: (1) lumbar spine (L(2)-L(4)) bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), BMC corrected for height and for width of the vertebra, volumetric BMD (BMDvol), and Z score; (2) whole-body BMD; (3) femoral neck BMD. Lumbar spine BMDvol was reduced (osteopenia) in 35% of the patients compared with G2. N telopeptide, a urinary marker of bone resorption, was significantly higher in G1 than in G2, and was negatively correlated with lumbar spine BMD and BMDvol. Children with urinary lithiasis or idiopathic hyperuricosuria associated with IH showed no significant differences in bone metabolism compared with children without these associations. We conclude that (1) there is an altered bone metabolism in IH, with osteopenia already present at diagnosis in 35% of the patients; (2) N telopeptide is one of the most useful markers of bone alterations in IH, especially at an early stage of the disease; (3) investigation of bone metabolism is necessary in IH to prevent future serious consequences such as osteoporosis and bone fractures.
Assuntos
Densidade Óssea , Distúrbios do Metabolismo do Cálcio/metabolismo , Cálcio/urina , Adolescente , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Distúrbios do Metabolismo do Cálcio/urina , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Fêmur , Humanos , Vértebras Lombares , Masculino , Hormônio Paratireóideo/sangue , Ácido Úrico/urina , Cálculos Urinários/metabolismoRESUMO
Objetivo: determinar valores de referência regionais para a excreçäo urinária de cálcio, ácido úrico e citrato e estabelecer correlaçäo entre essas excreçöes em urina em 24h e amostras únicas, para uso na prática clínica. Material e métodos: 125 crianças e adolescentes saudáveis, selecionados aleatoriamente, foram submetidos ao protocolo: exame clínico, bioquímica de sangue, hemograma, paratormônio, urina em 24h, urina em amostra única colhida com jejum, e exame parasitológico de fezes.Resultados: o valor máximo para a excreçäo de cálcio em urina em 24h foi 3,75mg/kg, em mg/dl do ritmo de filtraçäo glomerular - RFG foi 0,10, e, para a relaçäo cálcio/creatinina(mg/dl) na urina, em amostra única em jejum, foi de 0,25. Observou-se correlaçäo positiva entre a excreçäo de cálcio em urina em 24h, e urina em amostra única em jejum (mg/dl e mg/dl do RFG). Os valores máximos para a excreçäo de ácido úrico em urina em 24h foram 600, 450 e 320mg e 13, 15 e 18 mg/kg para adolescentes, escolares e pré-escolares, respectivamente; em mg/dl do RFG em amostra única de urina foi 0,47. Observou-se correlaçäo positiva para a excreçäo de ácido úrico em urina em 24h e urina em amostra única em jejum. Os valores médios para a excreçäo de citrato em urina em 24h foram 1,6, 1,1 e 0,5mmol para adolescentes, escolares e pré-escolares, respectivamente; para a relaçäo citrato/creatinina em urina, em amostra única, com jejum, foi 0,3. Conclusöes: as excreçöes de cálcio e ácido úrico em urina em 24h se correlacionaram com aquelas das amostras urinárias simplificadas, permitindo o uso destas para diagnósticos metabólicos, estudos populacionais e controle de pacientes hipercalciúricos e hiperuricosúricos sem controle de esfíncter vesical; o quociente citrato/creatinina em urina, em amostra única, pode ser utilizado para controle de pacientes com hipocitratúria
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To obtain regional reference values for calcium, uric acid and citrate urinary excretion and establish a correlation between those excretions in 24-hour urine sample and single urine sample for their use in clinical practice. METHODS: A hundred and twenty-five healthy children and adolescents were randomly chosen and submitted to the following protocol: clinical examination, biochemical analysis of blood, blood cell count, parathormone, 24-hour urine, fasting urine sample and stool test. RESULTS: The maximum value of calcium excretion in 24-hour urine was 3.75 mg/kg; in mg/dl of the glomerular filtration rate, it was 0.10; and for the calcium/creatinine (mg/dl) ratio in the fasting urine sample was 0.25. Positive correlation was observed between calcium excretion in the 24-hour urine and the fasting sample (mg/dl and mg/dl of glomerular filtration rate). The maximum values of uric acid excretion in 24-hour urine were 600, 450, and 320 mg and 13, 15 and 18 mg/kg for adolescents, school and preschool children, respectively; in mg/dl of glomerular filtration rate, in the fasting urine sample, it was 0.47. Positive correlation was observed for the uric acid excretion in 24-hour urine and fasting urine samples. The mean values for the citrate excretion in 24-hour urine were 1.6, 1.1 and 0.5 mmol for adolescents, school and preschool children, respectively; for citrate/creatinine ratio, in the fasting urine sample the mean value was 0.3. CONCLUSIONS: The calcium and uric acid excretion in 24-hour urine showed correlation with those in the fasting urine sample, which allows their use for metabolic diagnosis, population studies and follow-up of patients with hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria without voiding control; the citrate/creatinine ratio in the fasting urine sample can be used for controlling patients with hypocitraturia.
RESUMO
Objetivo: analisar a história clínica e evolução de crianças e adolescentes com HI, ressaltando peculiariades próprias destes pacientes. Métodos: 471 pacientes de HI têm sido acompanhados em regime ambulatorial, sendo submetidos ao protocolo: Rx de abdome, ultrassonografia de rins e vias urinárias; ionograma, gasometria e bioquímica de sangue; urina de 24 horas para dosagem de cálcio e outros eletrólitos e creatinina; urinálise, urocultura e microscopia de contraste de fase; urina de segunda micção matinal em jejum para dosagem de cálcio e creatinina. Resultados: 56 por cento masculinos e 44 por cento femininos; 56 brancos, 37 por cento não-brancos e 7 por cento sem relato de cor da pele. Ao diagnóstico 6 por cento eram lactentes, 15 por cento pré-escolares, 55 por cento escolares e 24 por cento adolescentes, 47 por cento tinha hematúria associada à dor abdominal, 31 por cento hematúria isolada, 14 por cento dor abdominal isolada, 8 por cento tinham infecção urinária, enurese noturna, dor suprapúbica ou uretral ou a síndrome miccional com frequência/urgência e incontinência urinária. A associação de hipercalciúria com litíase do trato urinário foi positiva em 56 por cento dos pacientes. Em 18,5 por cento houve associação com hiperuricosúria e em 8,5 por cento com hipocitratúria. 33 por cento dos pacientes tiveram má evolução com recorrência de nefrolitíase, persistência de hematúria e dor abdominal. Conclusões: a HI deve ser diagnosticada e tratada criteriosamente com o objetivo de reduzir suas consequências como hematúria, dor abdominal, formação de cálculos urinários e as possíveis alterações ósseas. Sinais e sintomas como urgência e incontinência urinárias, dor suprapúbica e enurese noturna podem ter como causa a hiperexcreção renal de cálcio