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INTRODUCTION: SARS-CoV-2 infection usually presents similarly to other respiratory viral pathogens. Children and adolescents do not present as a group that is highly affected by the disease, having low infection rates. However, limited publications are associated with the findings of pneumonia in pediatric patients with COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and epidemiological aspects of children and adolescents hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 in a pre-Amazon region. METHODS: A retrospective study, carried out in four public hospitals in São Luís, Brazil where medical records of children and adolescents aged from 0 to 13 years, of both sexes, with clinical diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia were evaluated from March 2020 to March 2021. RESULTS: Almost 40.0% of children were aged between 1 year and 5 years. Of the 128 children who had SARS-CoV-2, 3 are of indigenous ethnicity. Additionally, 78.6% of the children had fever and there was no significant difference between COVID-19 patients and those of other respiratory viruses. Eighteen patients had chronic neurological disease, which is the most common comorbidity observed in patients with coronavirus infection. Ground glass opacity attenuation was observed in 24.8% of children and adolescents with COVID-19. Anemia and increased inflammatory response markers were related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. More than 90.0% of patients admitted to hospital, regardless of etiology, were treated with antibiotics. Eighteen patients died. Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PMIS) was diagnosed in 17 patients. CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents is mild, but the condition of patients with PMIS is more serious, with an increase in inflammatory biomarkers which can lead to death. Therefore, rapid diagnosis and differentiation of agents causing respiratory diseases are necessary for better therapeutic decision making, since the results of this study make us question the excessive use of antibiotics without meeting well-defined clinical-epidemiological criteria.

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Hoof diseases are a major welfare and economic issue in the global dairy cattle production industry, which can be minimized through improved management and breeding practices. Optimal genetic improvement of hoof health could benefit from a deep understanding of the genetic background and biological underpinning of indicators of hoof health. Therefore, the primary objectives of this study were to perform genome-wide association studies, using imputed high-density genetic markers data from North American Holstein cattle, for 8 hoof-related traits: digital dermatitis, sole ulcer, sole hemorrhage, white line lesion, heel horn erosion, interdigital dermatitis, interdigital hyperplasia, and toe ulcer, and a hoof health index. De-regressed estimated breeding values from 25,580 Holstein animals were used as pseudo-phenotypes for the association analyses. The genomic quality control, genotype phasing, and genotype imputation were performed using the PLINK (version 1.9), Eagle (version 2.4.1), and Minimac4 software, respectively. The functional genomic analyses were performed using the GALLO R package and the DAVID platform. We identified 22, 34, 14, 22, 28, 33, 24, 43, and 15 significant markers for digital dermatitis, heel horn erosion, interdigital dermatitis, interdigital hyperplasia, sole hemorrhage, sole ulcer, toe ulcer, white line lesion disease, and the hoof health index, respectively. The significant markers were located across all autosomes, except BTA10, BTA12, BTA20, BTA26, BTA27, and BTA28. Moreover, the genomic regions identified overlap with various previously reported quantitative trait loci for exterior, health, meat and carcass, milk, production, and reproduction traits. The enrichment analyses identified 44 significant gene ontology terms. These enriched genomic regions harbor various candidate genes previously associated with bone development, metabolism, and infectious and immunological diseases. These findings indicate that hoof health traits are highly polygenic and influenced by a wide range of biological processes.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a coronavirus belonging to the beta CoV genus, responsible for SARS in humans, which became known as COVID-19. The emergence of variants of this virus is related to the presence of cases of reinfection, reduced vaccine effectiveness and greater transmission of the virus. Objective: In this study, we evaluated the molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating in the state of Maranhão. This is a cross-sectional and retrospective epidemiological study of genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2. The study comprised of 338 genomes sequenced by the Next Generation Sequencing technique on Illumina's Miseq equipment, submitted to Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data, 190 (56.2%) are from samples of female and 148 (43.8%) from male patients. Sequencing performed covered samples of patients aged between 1 and 108 years, with emphasis on the age groups from 30 to 39 years with 15.0% of sequenced genomes and 20 to 29 years with 12.4%. As for the distribution of sequenced genomes by health macro-regions, 285 (84.3%) are from cities in the northern macro-region. We evidenced the circulation of 29 lineages and sub-lineages, four of which belonging to the Delta variant (AY.43, AY.99.1, AY.99.2 and AY.101 responsible for 4.5% of the genomes) and the others belonging to the Omicron variant, with emphasis on: BA.1 and sub-lineages (42.8%); BA.4, BA.5 and sub-lineages (5.3% and 41.1%); the sub-lineages DL.1 and BQ.1 (5% and 2%). A strong genomic surveillance system allows the study of the natural history of the disease, when there is a resurgence of SARS-CoV-2 cases.

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INTRODUCTION: Although fewer children have been affected by the severe form of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) continues to be the leading global cause of child hospitalizations and deaths. AIM: This study investigated the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as well its subtypes (RSV A and B), adenovirus (ADV), rhinovirus (HRV), metapneumovirus (HMPV), coronavirus (NL63, OC43, 229E and HKU1), parainfluenza virus subtypes (PI1, PI2 and PI3), bocavirus and influenza A and B viruses (FluA and FluB) in children diagnosed with CAP during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A total of 200 children with clinically confirmed CAP were initially recruited, of whom 107 had negative qPCR results for SARS-CoV-2 and were included in this study. Viral subtypes were identified using a real-time polymerase chain reaction in the nasopharyngeal swab samples. RESULTS: Viruses were identified in 69.2% of the patients. RSV infections were the most frequently identified (65.4%), with type RSV B being the most prevalent (63.5%). In addition, HCoV 229E and HRV were detected in 6.5% and 3.7% of the patients, respectively. RSV type B was associated with severe acute respiratory infection (ARI) and a younger age (less than 24 months). CONCLUSIONS: New strategies for preventing and treating viral respiratory infections, particularly RSV infections, are necessary.

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BACKGROUND: With the aging population comes greater risks associated with polypharmacy, a significant public health problem. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of polypharmacy and its associated factors through Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) among older adults treated in primary health care (PHC) in a large Brazilian urban center. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a random sampling of 400 older adults using primary health care. Polypharmacy was defined as the cumulative use of five or more daily medications. An assessment of a sociodemographic and health survey, fear of falling, and physical disabilities affecting activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living was conducted. RESULTS: The mean age was 75.23 (SD: 8.53) years. The prevalence of polypharmacy and hyperpolypharmacy was 37% (n = 148) and 1% (n = 4), respectively. The adjusted logistic regression showed that participants with chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) (OR = 9.24; p = 0.003), diabetes (OR = 1.93; p = 0.003), and obesity (OR = 2.15; p = 0.005) were associated with a greater propensity to use polypharmacy. CONCLUSION: Our results show that older adults with CNCDs, diabetes, and obesity were more likely to use polypharmacy. The results reinforce the importance of using CGA in clinical practice in PHC.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Kidney transplant recipients are a subgroup of patients at higher risk of critical forms of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and poor outcomes due to immunosuppression treatment. Herein, we present data from a single center cohort of kidney transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: In a prospective study, baseline characteristics, clinical features, antiviral and immunosuppression management were compared between outpatients and hospitalized patients, during a one-year period. Results: Seventy-seven kidney transplant recipients were analyzed, including outpatients and hospitalized patients, with a median age of 57.7 (IQR 49.7-64.9) years. Twenty-eight (36.4%) were managed as outpatients, while 49 (63.6%) patients required hospital admission. Among hospitalized patients, 18.4% were admitted in ICU, 49% had AKI, and 20.4% died. Immunosuppression adjustments were performed in 95.9% of hospitalized patients, with dose of anti-metabolites adjusted in 83.7%, mTOR inhibitors in 14.3%, calcineurin inhibitors in 12.2%, and corticosteroid therapy in 81.6%. Conclusion: Among hospitalized patients, immunosuppression management included reduction or withdrawal of anti-metabolite and increase of corticosteroid dose. AKI occurred in almost half of patients and mortality in hospitalized patients reached 20%, reflecting greater disease severity than the general population.

RESUMO Introdução: Receptores de transplante renal são um subgrupo de doentes com maior risco de apresentar formas críticas de infecção por Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave pelo Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) e piores outcomes devido ao tratamento imunossupressor. Aqui, apresentamos dados de uma coorte de um único centro de receptores de transplante renal com infecção por SARS-CoV-2. Métodos: Num estudo prospectivo, características basais, características clínicas, adaptação da terapêutica antiviral e de imunossupressão foram comparados entre doentes seguidos em ambulatório e doentes hospitalizados durante um período de um ano. Resultados: Foram analisados setenta e sete receptores de transplante renal, incluindo doentes de ambulatório e hospitalizados, com idade média de 57,7 (IIQ 49,7-64,9) anos. Vinte e oito (36,4%) foram tratados em ambulatório enquanto 49 (63,6%) doentes necessitaram de internação hospitalar. Entre os doentes hospitalizados, 18,4% foram admitidos na UTI, 49% apresentaram LRA, e 20,4% morreram. Foram realizados ajustes de imunossupressão em 95,9% dos pacientes hospitalizados, com dose de antimetabólitos ajustada em 83,7%, inibidores de mTOR em 14,3%, inibidores de calcineurina em 12,2%, e terapia com corticosteroides em 81,6%. Conclusão: Entre os pacientes hospitalizados, a optimização da terapêutica imunossupressora incluiu redução ou retirada de antimetabólito e aumento da dose de corticosteroides. A LRA ocorreu em quase metade dos pacientes e a mortalidade em pacientes hospitalizados atingiu 20%, refletindo uma maior gravidade da doença em relação à população em geral.

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Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motor-neuron disease caused by mutations of the SMN1 gene. The human paralog SMN2, whose exon 7 (E7) is predominantly skipped, cannot compensate for the lack of SMN1. Nusinersen is an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that upregulates E7 inclusion and SMN protein levels by displacing the splicing repressors hnRNPA1/A2 from their target site in intron 7. We show that by promoting transcriptional elongation, the histone deacetylase inhibitor VPA cooperates with a nusinersen-like ASO to promote E7 inclusion. Surprisingly, the ASO promotes the deployment of the silencing histone mark H3K9me2 on the SMN2 gene, creating a roadblock to RNA polymerase II elongation that inhibits E7 inclusion. By removing the roadblock, VPA counteracts the chromatin effects of the ASO, resulting in higher E7 inclusion without large pleiotropic effects. Combined administration of the nusinersen-like ASO and VPA in SMA mice strongly synergizes SMN expression, growth, survival, and neuromuscular function.

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Background: This study assessed the effects of Baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) almond oil supplementation on vascular function, platelet aggregation, and thrombus formation in aorta arteries of Wistar rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were allocated into three groups. The control group (n = 6), a Baru group receiving Baru almond oil at 7.2 mL/kg/day (BG 7.2 mL/kg, n = 6), and (iii) a Baru group receiving Baru almond oil at 14.4 mL/kg/day (BG 14.4 mL/kg, n = 6). Baru oil was administered for ten days. Platelet aggregation, thrombus formation, vascular function, and reactive oxygen species production were evaluated at the end of treatment. Results: Baru oil supplementation reduced platelet aggregation (p < 0.05) and the production of the superoxide anion radical in platelets (p < 0.05). Additionally, Baru oil supplementation exerted an antithrombotic effect (p < 0.05) and improved the vascular function of aorta arteries (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings showed that Baru oil reduced platelet aggregation, reactive oxygen species production, and improved vascular function, suggesting it to be a functional oil with great potential to act as a novel product for preventing and treating cardiovascular disease.

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Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment. One of the most devastating complications is complex regional pain syndrome. Objectivities: The aim of this study was to systematically analyze available evidence about complex regional pain syndrome after carpal tunnel syndrome surgery (CTSS), its risks, associated factors, and treatments. Material and Methods: Research conducted from 1962 through December 31, 2018, in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The quality assessment of the methodology followed the definitions by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence. The GRADE system (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) was applied to evaluate the efficacy of the stellate ganglion block, one of the most cited and recurrent treatments. Results: Of the 246 studies retrieved, 44 articles were included. Concerning patients' gender, we identified a ratio of 5 females: 3 males. The mean age for women was 57.79, a standard deviation of 14.96, and for men 60.75, a standard deviation of 9.4. Considering the total of primary publications of CTSS outcomes, the accumulated incidence reached the maximum of 0.15 CRPS after CTSS patients/CTSS patients. The known risk factors for CRPS after CTSS: female gender, from the fifth decade of life, tourniquet time, immobilization and surgery on dominant hand. Conclusion: CRPS affects 2-5% of people undergoing CTSS. Its diagnosis is still a challenge and its risk factors are unclear, although it seems more likely to affect women, in the dominant hand. The most used treatments include physiotherapy and stellate ganglion block. Most patients show improvement of symptoms within one year. Further clinical trials comparing treatment modalities are required.

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INTRODUCTION: Kidney transplant recipients are a subgroup of patients at higher risk of critical forms of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and poor outcomes due to immunosuppression treatment. Herein, we present data from a single center cohort of kidney transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: In a prospective study, baseline characteristics, clinical features, antiviral and immunosuppression management were compared between outpatients and hospitalized patients, during a one-year period. RESULTS: Seventy-seven kidney transplant recipients were analyzed, including outpatients and hospitalized patients, with a median age of 57.7 (IQR 49.7-64.9) years. Twenty-eight (36.4%) were managed as outpatients, while 49 (63.6%) patients required hospital admission. Among hospitalized patients, 18.4% were admitted in ICU, 49% had AKI, and 20.4% died. Immunosuppression adjustments were performed in 95.9% of hospitalized patients, with dose of anti-metabolites adjusted in 83.7%, mTOR inhibitors in 14.3%, calcineurin inhibitors in 12.2%, and corticosteroid therapy in 81.6%. CONCLUSION: Among hospitalized patients, immunosuppression management included reduction or withdrawal of anti-metabolite and increase of corticosteroid dose. AKI occurred in almost half of patients and mortality in hospitalized patients reached 20%, reflecting greater disease severity than the general population.

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PURPOSE: Although there have been numerous studies investigating the mental health of individuals during the pandemic, a comparison between countries is still scarce in the literature. To explore this gap, the present study aimed to compare the mental health (i.e., anxiety and depression), quality of life (QoL), and optimism/pessimism among individuals from Brazil and Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated factors. METHOD: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and Portugal. Data collection was carried out between May and June 2020, using an online form which was sent through social networks. A total of 2069 participants (1156 from Brazil and 913 from Portugal) were included. Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), Anxiety (GAD-7), optimism/pessimism (Revised Life Orientation Test - LOT), QoL (WHOQOL-Bref), and sociodemographic, health, and social distancing variables were assessed. Data was analyzed using univariate and multivariate models. RESULTS: There were remarkable differences between Brazil and Portugal in all outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic, including higher levels of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and optimism for the Brazilian individuals and higher levels of QoL and pessimism for the Portuguese individuals. The following factors were associated with the mental health and QoL in both Brazilian and Portuguese populations: gender, age, being a healthcare professional, and days in social distancing. CONCLUSION: Despite the fact that Brazilians were more optimistic during the COVID-19 pandemic, they had lower levels of mental health and QoL as compared to the Portuguese individuals.

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Objetivo: analisar o pensamento crítico desenvolvido pelos estudantes participantes de um componente curricular do curso de graduação em enfermagem. Método: estudo de natureza qualitativa, observacional e comparativa, antes e após a intervenção. Foi aplicado questionário sociodemográfico e texto-estímulo em dois momentos. A amostra foi constituída por 48 estudantes que frequentaram a unidade curricular de Pensamento Crítico em Enfermagem. Resultados: no primeiro momento, os estudantes reconheceram o pensamento crítico como importante na tomada de decisão e no desenvolvimento de competências, educar para pensar. No segundo momento, os comentários indicaram um papel ativo da escola, e a informação e o conhecimento do estudante são acurados no contexto formativo. Considerações finais: no pensamento crítico desenvolvido pelos estudantes participantes do componente curricular do curso de enfermagem constatou-se alteração significativa no léxico dos dois momentos, houve desenvolvimento de habilidades de pensamento crítico, das quais destacamos a interpretação, a argumentação, a análise e avaliação.

Objetivo: analizar el pensamiento crítico desarrollado por estudiantes que participan en un componente curricular de la carrera de licenciatura en enfermería. Método: estudio cualitativo, observacional y comparativo, antes y después de la intervención. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y un "texto estímulo" en dos momentos. La muestra estuvo constituída por 48 estudiantes que cursaron la unidad curricualar de Pensamiento Crítico en Enfermería. Resultados: en un primer momento, los estudiantes reconocieron el pensamiento crítico como importante en la toma de decisiones y en el desarrollo de habilidades, educar para pensar. En un segundo momento, los comentarios indicaron un papel activo de la escuela, y la información y los conocimientos del alumno son precisos en el contexto formativo. Consideraciones finales: en el pensamiento crítico desarrollado por los estudiantes que participaron en el componente curricular de la carrera de enfermería, hubo un cambio significativo en el léxico de los dos momentos, hubo un desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento crítico, de las cuales se destacan la interpretación, argumentación, análisis y evaluación.

Objective: To analyse the critical thinking developed by students participating in a curricular component of undergraduate nursing programmes. Method: Qualitative, observational and comparative study before and after the intervention. A sociodemographic questionnaire and text stimulus were applied in two phases. The sample consisted of 48 students enrolled in the Critical Thinking In Nursing course. Results: In the first phase, the students recognized critical thinking as important in decision-making, in the development of skills and in the process of educating them to think. In the second phase, the comments indicated an active role of the school, and the knowledge of students improved in the formative context. Final considerations: In the critical thinking developed by the students who participated in the curricular component of the nursing programme, a significant change was found in the lexicon in both phases, and critical thinking skills were developed, in particular interpretation, argumentation, analysis, and evaluation.

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PURPOSE: To clarify the best protocol for performing remote ischemic conditioning and to minimize the consequences of ischemia and reperfusion syndrome in brain, the present study aimed to evaluate different time protocols and the relation of the organs and the antioxidant effects of this technique. METHODS: The rat's left femoral artery was clamped with a microvascular clamp in times that ranged from 1 to 5 minutes, according to the corresponding group. After the cycles of remote ischemic conditioning and a reperfusion of 20 minutes, the brain and the left gastrocnemius were collected. The samples were used to measure glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase levels. RESULTS: In the gastrocnemius, the 4-minute protocol increased the catalase concentration compared to the 1-minute protocol, but the latter increased both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase compared to the former. On the other hand, the brain demonstrated higher catalase and glutathione peroxidase in 5-minute group, and the 3-minute group reached higher values of glutathione reductase. CONCLUSIONS: Remote ischemic conditioning increases brain antioxidant capacity in a time-dependent way, while muscle presents higher protection on 1-minute cycles and tends to decrease its defence with longer cycles of intermittent occlusions of the femoral artery.

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AIMS: To understand how the fear of falls emerges and manifests itself in caregivers of institutionalized elders. METHOD: It is a qualitative study, based on the Grounded Theory and carried out with 24 informal caregivers, 5 nurses, 2 physicians and 2 directors of two Portuguese nursing homes. Data collection took place through interviews, participant observation, and documentation analysis, between October 2016 and January 2018. Data was collected and analyzed simultaneously, following the stages of open, axial, and selective coding. RESULTS: The comparative analysis of the findings identified the conceptual category "Fear of falls in the caregivers of institutionalized elders". The main category is associated with the categories: maintaining safety, hidden fear of falls, the perceived self-efficacy in the prevention of falls, falls and interpersonal relations, previous experiences, and team support. CONCLUSIONS: The fear has an influence on the self-efficacy perceived in the prevention of falls; the quality of the teamwork, in turn, is affected by previous negative experiences and by the support of the team.

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AIM: To summarize existing evidence regarding body image in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, with the following considerations: (a) the perceptions patients have of their body changes; (b) how patients cope with changes in their body; (c) and what their perceptions are of body changes. METHOD: A systematic review of literature integrating quantitative and qualitative studies. We searched databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, SCOPUS, the Web of Science, Medline, Medline Complete, and Academic Search Premier) and publications from 2010 to 2020 with "Systemic Lupus Erythematosus" AND "Self-Concept" OR "Body Image" AND "Woman" as medical subheading terms. The studies included were subjected to a thematic content analysis, which allowed subjective interpretation of data through a systematic classification process for coding themes or patterns. RESULTS: We identified 647 studies, of which 22 were analyzed in this study. Our results indicate that changes in the body image of people with lupus and their perception are issues that must be treated as characteristics of the disease; therefore, they need to receive the same attention as is given to physical disabilities and pain. The analysis identified 3 thematic categories: (a) depression and anxiety associated with body changes (hair loss, weight gain); (b) body image reflecting the disease; and (c) confrontations and interventions to promote acceptance and adaptation to the new image. CONCLUSIONS: The dimensions of self-concept and body image are essential for assessing the quality of life of individuals with lupus. The formation of a adjusted self-concept can be managed by health professionals supporting these people.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention program in practices and behaviors of a health team to prevent falls in hos pitalized elderly people. METHOD: This was an action, mixed-methods, and longitudinal study that applied an intervention based on TeamSTEPPS®, and organized into five domains: team training, communication, leadership, monitoring, and mutual support. The population was nurses and nursing aides who worked at the medical service of a Portuguese hospital center. Data were obtained by consulting process records and interviews, and by applying the Scale of Practices and Behaviors of Teams for Fall Prevention. RESULTS: There was improvement in all indicators of the scale, with evident progress in discussion of risk factors and preventive measures to be implemented. CONCLUSION: This intervention promoted decision-making regarding the preventive measures to be applied to each elderly person and improved communication and the interest in identifying the causes of falls to prevent their recurrence.

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OBJECTIVE: to assess the results of a training program focused on the well-being of elderly individuals from the perspective of users, through the opinion on the program impact on their active aging. METHODS: a qualitative research, carried out from an intentional sample, consisting of 10 elderly women. Interview conducted by focus group, recorded and transcribed, which constituted the corpus of analysis. Lexical analysis of textual data was performed using the Alceste software. RESULTS: from the analysis, three classes emerged: 1) Health-Activity; 2) Activity-Expectation; 3) Mind-Body Unit. The Activity-Expectation class stands out. CONCLUSIONS: the research revealed that elderly individuals consider it important to have expectation, which results in satisfaction and involvement with life as well as the ability to remain active in a perspective of mind-body unit. Future projects should focus on enhancing mental and physical functions to promote active and healthy aging.

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PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to compare the hepatic protective effect of both remote and local postconditioning (POS). METHODS: Twenty-eight Wistar rats were assigned into four groups: sham group(SHAM), ischemia-reperfusion group (IR), local ischemic POS group (lPOS) and remote ischemic POS group (rPOS). Animals were subjected to liver ischemia for 30 min. Local ischemic POS group consisted of four cycles of 5 min liver ischemia, followed by 5 min reperfusion (40 min). Remote ischemic POS group consisted of four cycles of 5 min hind limb ischemia, followed by 5 min hind limb perfusion after the main liver ischemia period. After 190 minutes median and left liver lobes were harvested for biochemical and histopathology analysis. RESULTS: All the conditioning techniques were able to increase the level of bothglutathione reductase and peroxidase, showing higher values in the rPOS group when compared to the lPOS. Also, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were higher in all intervention groups when compared to SHAM, but rPOS had the lower rates of increase, showing the best result. The histopathology analysis showed that all groups had worst injury levels than SHAM, but rPOS had lower degrees of damage when compared to the lPOS, although it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Remote postconditioning is a promising technique to reduce liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, once it increased antioxidants substances and reduced the damage.

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Constant research on natural products has generated, over time, a large number of compounds with the potential to be evaluated in several biological tests and subsequently have been cataloged in databases that allow other researchers to perform virtual screenings of activity in various biological systems. This considerably reduces the time for the development of new drugs. This review describes the main databases of natural products available for searching bioactive compounds. It also describes the main features of virtual screening strategies for the identification of molecules with the potential to be used as new drugs. In addition, a search was made in the Web of Science database, using the search term "Virtual screening of natural products databases" from 2003 to 2018. The search criterion resulted in 230 articles, which had their abstracts evaluated with pertinence to the criteria required for this work, which are: a) be a research article; b) performing a virtual screening on databases of natural products or containing natural products; and c) works that identified drug candidate molecules. Based on these criteria, the bibliographic review on the topic was excluded. After this analysis, 104 works were selected for this review. We selected relevant papers describing the potential drug candidates that were distributed in 15 classes, of which the anticancer, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory hits were the most abundant. The works showing efforts to search for new molecules against various other diseases in distinct biological systems were also described. In this way, this work shows an overview of several methodologies and we hope they can help and inspire the development of new research to improve people's quality of life.

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ABSTRACT Objective to determine the psychometric properties of the international 7-item Falls Efficacy Scale. Method a psychometric study. Convenience sample consisting of 170 older adults living in the Madeira Autonomous Region, Portugal. A two-part instrument was used (sociodemographic characterization and the Falls Efficacy Scale-International-Portugal). The starting point was the translation and transcultural adaptation already carried out for the Falls Efficacy Scale - International (16 items). Construct validity (factorial analysis and discriminant validity) and the reliability (Cronbach's α) of the 7-item scale were evaluated. Previous authorization was obtained from the Ethics Commission and from the people involved. Results in the exploratory factorial analysis, the International 7-item Falls Efficacy Scale presents an explained variance of 65.8%. The Spearman's correlation between the score obtained based on the 7 items and the score obtained based on the 16 items is significant and very strong (r=0.987, p<0.0001). Internal consistency was 0.958. Conclusion the validity and reliability study of the International 7-item Falls Efficacy Scale revealed that it is an adequate scale for the evaluation of the fear of falling in the community-dwelling older adults.

RESUMEN Objetivo determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional de 7 ítems. Método estudio psicométrico. Muestra por conveniencia de 170 ancianos que viven en la Región Autónoma da Madeira, Portugal. Se empleó un instrumento constituido por dos partes (caracterización sociodemográfica y la escala Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional - Portugal). Se partió de la traducción y adaptación transcultural ya realizada de la escala Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional (16 ítems). Se evaluó la validez de constructo (análisis factorial y validez discriminante) y la confiabilidad (α de Cronbach) de la escala de 7 ítems. Previamente se obtuvo la autorización de la Comisión de Ética y de las personas involucradas. Resultados en el análisis factorial exploratorio, la escala Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional de 7 ítems presenta una varianza explicada del 65,8%. La correlación de Spearman entre la puntuación obtenida sobre la base de los 7 ítems y la obtenida sobre la base de los 16 ítems es significativa y muy fuerte (r=0,987, p<0,0001). La consistencia interna fue de 0,958. Conclusión el estudio de la validez y la confiabilidad de la escala Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional de 7 ítems reveló que es una escala adecuada para evaluar el miedo a caer en el anciano que vive en la comunidad.

RESUMO Objetivo determinar as propriedades psicométricas da Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional 7 itens. Método estudo psicométrico. Amostra de conveniência, de 170 idosos residentes em Região Autónoma da Madeira, Portugal. Recorreu-se a instrumento constituído por duas partes (caracterização sociodemográfica e a Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional Portugal). Partiu-se da tradução e adaptação transcultural já realizada para a Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional (16 itens). Avaliou-se a validade de constructo (análise fatorial e validade discriminante) e a confiabilidade (α de Cronbach) da escala de 7 itens. Obteve-se previamente autorização da Comissão de Ética e das pessoas envolvidas. Resultados na análise fatorial exploratória a Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional 7 itens apresenta uma variância explicada de 65,8%. A correlação de Spearman entre a pontuação obtida com base nos 7 itens e a pontuação obtida com base nos 16 itens é significativa e muito forte (r=0.987, p<0.0001). A consistência interna foi de 0,958. Conclusão o estudo da validade e a confiabilidade da Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional 7 itens revelou ser uma escala adequada para a avaliação do medo de cair na pessoa idosa residente na comunidade.

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