RESUMO
In cull ewes, energy supply by time short periods can affect growth, carcass traits, and meat quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of biscuit bran (BB) and cashew nut bran (CNB) in diets with different total digestible nutrient (TDN) content on animal performance and carcass and meat traits of cull ewes. Twenty Morada Nova cull ewes, with the initial BW of 30.1⯱â¯3.56â¯kg, and three years of age were distributed in a completely randomized design into factorial scheme 2â¯×â¯2, with two energy sources (BB and CNB) × two levels of TDN. All diets were isoproteic with variations in TDN content increased by 10% (TDN10) and 25% (TDN25) above the recommended requirement for the study category, which was 66.0% TDN. The experimental period lasted 56â¯days, in which daily intake in relation to metabolic weight and weight performance of the animals was determined. The hot carcass, the cold carcass, commercial cuts, loin eye area, and subcutaneous fat thickness were measured, obtained, or calculated. A sample of the Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle was used by determination of physical-chemical composition, sensory, and fatty acid (FA) profile analysis. The ANOVA was performed to access the effect of diet and energy level on the characteristics studied, and means were compared by the Turkey and Kruskal Wallis tests at 5% of probability. A higher daily gain weight was observed from TDN25 (Pâ¯=â¯0.006). Among by-products, higher nutrient intakes were observed in animals fed with BB diets (Pâ¯<â¯0.01), except for crude protein. The same patterns have been observed for live weight, reconstituted half-carcass, higher yield in fat thickness, and internal carcass length. Cashew nut bran produced darker colored meat (Pâ¯=â¯0.017) and higher cooking weight loss (Pâ¯=â¯0.008). Higher lipid content was observed in animals submitted to diets with CNB and TDN25 (Pâ¯=â¯0.001). The internal length of the carcass was higher in animals fed with BB (Pâ¯=â¯0.041). All diets did not effect on sensory characteristics (Pâ¯>â¯0.05). Total digestible nutrient in 25% above recommended promotes higher weight gain and meat with higher lipid content and less weight loss by cooling. The inclusion of BB, compared to CNB, provides a higher weight of carcasses and better conformation, in addition to lower total lipid content with higher proportion for monounsaturated FAs in meat, providing more attractive features for the consumer market.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Composição Corporal , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Dieta/veterinária , Feminino , Carne/análise , Ovinos , TurquiaRESUMO
The distribution, seasonal variation and sources of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from suspended particulate matter (SPM) of the Aurá River, a small amazon typical river located in Northern Brazil, were determined. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of SPM revealed a mixture of PAH from different origins and a seasonal variation of PAH primary source for the studied area. Pyrene was the dominant PAH in both studied periods. Total PAH content (ΣPAH) ranged from lower than quantification limit (< LOQ) to 2498.2 ng g-1 dw during the dry season and < LOQ to 2865.8 ng g-1 dw during the wet season. Low molecular weight PAH (LMW) represented 51% of ΣPAH during the dry season and 29% during the wet season. It was noted, by comparing previous data, that the main source of these compounds was altered after the deactivation of an irregular landfill next to the river.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Brasil , China , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Material Particulado/análise , Pirenos , Rios/química , Estações do Ano , UrbanizaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Transfusion support for immune-mediated platelet refractoriness (PR) is clinically challenging, technically laborious and costly. The development of 'EpHLA/EpVix software' has been used successfully to select kidney donors. Here, we sought to evaluate this new software as a tool for platelet virtual crossmatch (VxM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study from 2007 to 2014 of PR patients in a tertiary hospital. Platelet components selected by HLAMatchmaker program were crossmatched by EpHLA/EpVix, anti-human globulin complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity test (AHG-CDC), flow cytometry platelet crossmatch (FCxM) and then compared. Effectiveness of platelet components transfused was evaluated by CCI. RESULTS: Ninety-seven crossmatched platelet transfusions for 27 patients were enrolled. Partial matches were analysed for 75 transfusions by the 3 methods, and 22% showed discrepant results among the assays. After further analysis, data showed that all divergent cases could be explained by HPA alloimmunization, prozone effect (FCxM), low sensitivity of AHG-CDC and possible interference in FCxM/AHG-CDC assays. Notably, sensitivity and specificity of VxM analysis was excellent (100%). Satisfactory CCI counts were obtained for the majority (22/30) of the transfusions. CONCLUSION: The new EpHLA/EpVix method showed to be effective, feasible and fast for VxM at no cost and able to minimize labour on donor identification. However, platelet crossmatching may be a necessary step because EpHLA/EpVix does not formally exclude HPA alloimmunization.
Assuntos
Tipagem e Reações Cruzadas Sanguíneas/métodos , Seleção do Doador/métodos , Teste de Histocompatibilidade/métodos , Transfusão de Plaquetas/métodos , Software , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Transplante de Rim/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
This study aimed to report the antigen and haplotype frequencies (HFs) of volunteer bone marrow donors (VBMDs) from the state of Piauí who were enrolled in the National Volunteer Bone Marrow Donor Registry (REDOME). The research subjects were 21,943 volunteer bone marrow donors, predominantly young adult women (53.3%). The most frequent allelic group was HLA-A2, followed by -DRB1*13, -DRB1*04, -DRB1*07, -B*15, -B∗35, -B*44, -A*24 and -A*03. Of the 2,704 haplotypes observed, the three most frequent haplotypes were A*29 B*44 DRB1*07 (1.45%), A*01 B*08 DRB1*03 (1.4%) and A*03 B*07 DRB1*15 (0.92%). These three haplotypes were in linkage disequilibrium. PCA showed that 98% of the VBMDs have HLA allele frequencies that are very similar to those from Teresina, the capital city of Piauí. According to the PCA results, these municipalities are distributed with a close proximity to Teresina, which in turn has a close genetic proximity to the Hispanic ethnicity, intermediate proximity to Caucasians and Africans and a distant kinship to Amerindians. The hierarchical proximity of the population of Piauí to the Portuguese and Hispanic populations to shows the strong influence of the latter on the former.
Assuntos
Medula Óssea , Frequência do Gene , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Cadeias HLA-DRB1/genética , Haplótipos , Doadores de Tecidos , Adolescente , Adulto , Alelos , Brasil , Análise por Conglomerados , Feminino , Humanos , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sistema de Registros , Voluntários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We made a molecular study of 40 opossums, Didelphis albiventris, from an urban fragment of the Atlantic Rainforest in southeastern Brazil, analyzing a 653-bp sequence of cytochrome c oxidase, subunit I. We found three close connected haplotypes, with low nucleotide diversity and a haplotype diversity of 59.1% and confirmed sympatry between D. albiventris and D. aurita in this region. The clear phylogenetic separation shows the appropriateness of DNA barcode identification methodology for effectively discriminating between these opossum species.
Assuntos
Cidades , Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico/métodos , Didelphis/classificação , Didelphis/genética , Árvores , Animais , Oceano Atlântico , Brasil , Genética Populacional , Geografia , Haplótipos/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The chemical composition of essential oils from three species of plants belonging to the Eucalyptus genus was determined and, their insecticidal effects on egg, larva and adult phases of Lutzomyia longipalpis were assessed. The insects were collected in the municipality of Sobral in the State of Ceará, Brazil. Five treatments with different concentrations were performed along with two negative controls, distilled water and Tween 80 (3%), and a positive control, cypermethrin (0.196mg/ml). The tests were carried out in plastic pots internally coated with sterile plaster and filled with a substrate made of rabbit feces and crushed cassava leaves. The eggs, larvae and adults were sprayed with the oils. The hatched larvae were counted for 10 consecutive days and observed until pupation. Insect mortality was observed after 24, 48 and 72h. E. staigeriana oil was the most effective on all three phases of the insect, followed by E. citriodora and E. globulus oils, respectively. The major constituents of the oils were Z-citral and alpha-citral (E. staigeriana), citronellal (E. citriodora) and 1,8-cineole (E. globulus). The Eucalyptus essential oils constitute alternative natural products for the control of L. longipalpis since the median effective concentration (EC(50)) values revealed relevant action as compared with other natural products, some of their chemical constituents are already known for their insecticidal activity and these oils are produced in commercial scale in Brazil.
Assuntos
Eucalyptus/química , Insetos Vetores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Controle Biológico de Vetores/métodos , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Psychodidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
We report a rare case of a 21 month old child with a coronary sinus atrial septal defect associated with perimembranous ventricular septal defect and no left superior vena cava. The diagnosis was made by transthoracic echocardiogram and confirmed by angiography. The patient was operated on uneventfully, both defects were closed with bovine pericardial patches and the flow from the coronary veins was directed towards the left atrium. An echocardiogram revealed complete closure of both defects.
Assuntos
Comunicação Interatrial/complicações , Comunicação Interventricular/complicações , Veia Cava Superior/anormalidades , Feminino , Comunicação Interatrial/diagnóstico , Comunicação Interatrial/cirurgia , Comunicação Interventricular/diagnóstico , Comunicação Interventricular/cirurgia , Humanos , Lactente , Veia Cava Superior/cirurgiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess infective endocarditis (IE) predisposing factors, etiologic agents and hospital course in infants and adolescents. METHODS: We Studied 222 patients admitted under compatible IE diagnosis, from 1985 to 1990. The population of this study is fifty patients (23%) under 16 years of age. RESULTS: Rheumatic valvular disease, as predisposing cardiopathy was proeminent within 9 to 16 years of age, markedly Statistical difference when compared to age range of 0 to 8 years (p < 0.05). Among congenital cardiopathies, the most frequent were: interventricular septal defect (26.0%) and tetralogy of Fallot (21.7%). Blood cultures, surgical material or emboli cultures were positive in 35 (70.0%) assessed patients. Streptococcus viridans (45.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (42.8%) were the etiologic agents most often isolated. It was found that endocarditis by Staphylococcus aureus had mortality rate of 53.3% [(clinical (66.6%) and surgical (44.4%)], (p < 0.05) when compared to those by Streptococcus viridans; with total mortality of 6.2% (no clinical death and 16.6% in the surgical group). Total in-hospital mortality (clinical and surgical) was 26.0% (13 deaths). CONCLUSION: IE in infants and adolescents in this studied population presented Streptococcus viridans responsible for 46.7% of patients with endocarditis and the Staphylococcus aureus for 42.8% were the etiologic agents most often found. Total, clinical and surgical mortality was greater in patients with endocarditis by Staphylococcus aureus when compared with those by Streptococcus viridans. Among the congenital cardiopathies, whether operated on or not, ventricular septal defect and of Fallot's tetralogy were the most involved ones; rheumatic cardiopathy Still remains a significant predisposing factor to infective IE in our country.
Assuntos
Endocardite/microbiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Endocardite/mortalidade , Feminino , Cardiopatias Congênitas/complicações , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/complicações , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Cardiopatia Reumática/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Infecções EstreptocócicasRESUMO
The smallport system is a new technology that brings to surgeons who begin in phacoemulsification more advantages and control in surgery, more security and less time required for learning. The authors show the differences (advantages and disadvantages) between standard systems and the endocapsular "smallport". In nuclei up to grade 3 hardness we have good results with low phaco power (5-10%) and higher linear aspiration (200 mmHg) causing minimal loss of endothelial cells and quick visual rehabilitation.
Assuntos
Extração de Catarata/métodos , Catarata/terapia , Terapia por Ultrassom , Extração de Catarata/instrumentação , HumanosRESUMO
Two cross-sectional surveys on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were carried out among 1,033 volunteer first-time blood donors in five blood banks (3 private, 2 public) and among 201 prisoners in the Penitentiary Center of Industrial Activity, in Goiania, Central Brazil, between June 1988 and February 1989. Those surveys were part of a major study designed to estimate seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBsAg markers by ELISA test, and to study risk factors associated with seropositivity. The presence of any serum marker was considered as previous exposure to HBV. A standard questionnaire was applied to both populations to evaluate previous blood transfusion, number of sexual partners, homo/bisexual activity, history of sexually transmitted diseases, drug abusers, use of parenteral medicine, acupuncture, tattooing and VDRL seropositivity. Seroprevalence varied from 12.8% to 26.4% in blood donors and prisoners, respectively, (p less than 0.05) and increased with age (X2 trend=14.0 p less than 0.05%). Prisoners had higher percentages of all risk factors investigated than blood donors, with the exception of number of sexual partners. Among all risk factors studied, age, imprisonment and tattooing were statistically associated with seropositivity, even after multivariate analysis controlling for age and reclusion. The paper discusses the methodologic issues related to this epidemiologic investigation.
Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Prisioneiros , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/análise , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/análise , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Testes SorológicosRESUMO
A cross-sectional survey was carried-out among 299 prisoners in the Penitentiary Center of Industrial Activity of Goiás (CEPAIGO), to determine the seroprevalence to T. pallidum and to identify risk factors associated to seropositivity. The seropositivity criterion was a positive VDRL test at any titer. A questionnaire was applied to evaluate the following risk factors: time of imprisonment, clinical evidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STD), history of syphilis or others STD, homo/bisexuality and number of sexual partners. The positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values of the history of syphilis were calculated. Seroprevalence of 18.4% was found and no difference was detected in the different age groups. The PPV of history of syphilis was 26% indicating that 74% of the individuals who have reported syphilis in the past presented a negative VDRL test. Among all the risk factors studied, homo/bisexuality was the only one with statistically significant association with seropositivity (relative risks 5.7-95% CL1.2-26, p = 0.03). The paper discusses the methodological problems related with the investigation.