RESUMO
The SAFER (Simple Algorithm for Evapotranspiration Retrieving) algorithm was applied with MODIS images and gridded weather data from 2007 to 2021, to monitor the energy balance components and their anomalies, in the Atlantic Forest (AF) and Caatinga (CT) biomes inside the coastal agricultural growing zone, Northeast Brazil. Considering the long-term data, the Rn values between the biomes are not significantly different, however presenting distinct Rn partitions into latent (λE), sensible (H), and ground (G) heat fluxes between biomes. The Rn values annual averages are 9.40 ± 0.21 and 9.50 ± 0.23 MJ m-2 d-1, for AF and CT, respectively. However, for respectively AF and CT, they are respectively 5.10 ± 1.14 MJ m-2 d-1 and 4.00 ± 0.99 MJ m-2 d-1 for λE; 3.80 ± 1.12 MJ m-2 d-1 and 5.00 ± 1.00 MJ m-2 d-1 for H; 0.50 ± 0.12 MJ m-2 d-1 and 0.40 ± 0.10 MJ m-2 d-1 for G, yielding respective mean evaporative fraction (Ef = λE/(Rn - G) values of 0.60 ± 0.12 and 0.50 ± 0.15. Anomalies on λE, H, and Ef were detected through standardized index for these energy balance components by comparing the results for the years 2018 to 2021 with the long-term values from 2007 to each of these years, showing that the energy fluxes between surfaces and the lower atmosphere, and then the root-zone moisture conditions for both biomes, may strongly vary along seasons and years, with alternate positive and negative anomalies. These assessments are important for water policies as they can picture suitable periods and places for rainfed agriculture as well as the irrigation needs in irrigated agriculture, allowing rational agricultural environmental management while minimizing water competitions among other water users, under climate and land-use changes conditions.
RESUMO
The SAFER (Simple Algorithm for Evapotranspiration Retrieving) algorithm and the radiation use efficiency (RUE) model were coupled to test large-scale remote sensing environmental indicators in Brazilian biomes. MODIS MOD13Q1 reflectance product and gridded weather data for the year 2016 were used to demonstrate the suitability of the algorithm to monitor the dynamics of environmental remote sensing indicators along a year in the Brazilian biomes, Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado, Pantanal, Atlantic Forest, and Pampa. Significant spatial and temporal variations in precipitation (P), actual evapotranspiration (ET), and biomass production (BIO) yielded differences on water balance (WB = P-ET) and water productivity (WP = ET/BIO). The highest WB and WP differences were detected in the wettest biomes, Amazon, Atlantic Forest, and Pampa, when compared with the driest biome, Caatinga. Rainfall distribution along the year affected the magnitude of the evaporative fraction (ETf), i.e., the ET to reference evapotranspiration (ET0) ratio. However, there was a gap between ETf and WB, which may be related to the time needed for recovering good soil moisture conditions after rainfalls. For some biomes, BIO related most to the levels of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (Amazon and Atlantic Forest), while for others, BIO followed most the soil moisture levels, depicted by ETf (Caatinga, Cerrado, Pantanal, and Pampa). The large-scale modeling showed suitability for monitoring the water and vegetation conditions, making way to detect anomalies for specific periods along the year by using historical images and weather data, with strong potential to support public policies for management and conservation of natural resources and with possibilities for replication of the methods in other countries.
Assuntos
Indicadores Ambientais , Lepidópteros , Animais , Brasil , Tecnologia de Sensoriamento Remoto , Monitoramento Ambiental , Ecossistema , Solo , Água , Tempo (Meteorologia)RESUMO
Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho realizar o estudo bioclimático do estado de Sergipe para a avicultura, como forma de definir os limites de aceitabilidade da espécie às condições ambientais prevalecentes nas regiões litorânea, agreste e semiárida do estado. Para isso, foi realizado o levantamento histórico dos valores médios mensais de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar e o cálculo mensal do índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU) das três regiões do estado de Sergipe. Verificou-se que, apesar de suas particularidades climáticas, as regiões litorânea, agreste e semiárida do estado de Sergipe apresentam as melhores condições de conforto térmico para a avicultura de corte e postura apenas durante os meses de junho a setembro; no período seco, nenhuma das regiões apresenta condições de conforto térmico para a atividade avícola; no período chuvoso, apenas a região agreste apresenta condições de conforto para a avicultura de corte; para a avicultura de postura, apenas a região litorânea não apresenta condições de conforto térmico.
This research aimed to carry out a bioclimatic study of Sergipe state to poultry farming, as a way to define the limits of acceptability of the species to the prevailing environmental conditions in coastal, agreste and semi arid regions of the state. For this survey it was conducted a history of the monthly mean values of temperature and relative humidity of the air and the calculation of the monthly index of temperature and humidity (ITU) of the three regions of the state of Sergipe. It was found that despite its special climate, coastal, agreste and semi arid region of Sergipe present the best thermal comfort conditions for the poultry industry and posture only during the months from June to September. In the dry season, no region presents thermal comfort conditions for the poultry activity. Only in the rainy season the region has rugged comfort conditions for the poultry industry. For laying poultry only the coastal region not provides thermal comfort.
RESUMO
Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho realizar o estudo bioclimático do estado de Sergipe para a avicultura, como forma de definir os limites de aceitabilidade da espécie às condições ambientais prevalecentes nas regiões litorânea, agreste e semiárida do estado. Para isso, foi realizado o levantamento histórico dos valores médios mensais de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar e o cálculo mensal do índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU) das três regiões do estado de Sergipe. Verificou-se que, apesar de suas particularidades climáticas, as regiões litorânea, agreste e semiárida do estado de Sergipe apresentam as melhores condições de conforto térmico para a avicultura de corte e postura apenas durante os meses de junho a setembro; no período seco, nenhuma das regiões apresenta condições de conforto térmico para a atividade avícola; no período chuvoso, apenas a região agreste apresenta condições de conforto para a avicultura de corte; para a avicultura de postura, apenas a região litorânea não apresenta condições de conforto térmico.(AU)
This research aimed to carry out a bioclimatic study of Sergipe state to poultry farming, as a way to define the limits of acceptability of the species to the prevailing environmental conditions in coastal, agreste and semi arid regions of the state. For this survey it was conducted a history of the monthly mean values of temperature and relative humidity of the air and the calculation of the monthly index of temperature and humidity (ITU) of the three regions of the state of Sergipe. It was found that despite its special climate, coastal, agreste and semi arid region of Sergipe present the best thermal comfort conditions for the poultry industry and posture only during the months from June to September. In the dry season, no region presents thermal comfort conditions for the poultry activity. Only in the rainy season the region has rugged comfort conditions for the poultry industry. For laying poultry only the coastal region not provides thermal comfort.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Aves Domésticas , Perfis SanitáriosRESUMO
Java citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) is member of the Poaceae family. Java citronella volatile oil has been reported to be among the volatile oils, showing repellent, antimycotic, and acaricide activities. It has been known that agronomical factors have a great effect on both the quality and quantity of essential metabolites. For this reason, it is necessary to determine optimum levels of agronomical factors affecting plant growth and production. Harvest time and drying are very important agronomical factors. This study has been conducted in the Research farm of the " Universidade Federal de Sergipe" , Agronomical Engineering Department along 2002-2003 on the base of factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications. Java citronella was cultivated in a 60 x 60 cm space. Early, midday, and late harvest at 9:00 h, 12:00 h, and 15:00 h were conducted on four different seasons. Fresh and dried leaves were used on the experiments. In order to study the effects of harvest time and drying, yields of dry and fresh herbage (kg/ha), moisture content ( percent), volatile oil content ( percent) and yield (L/ha), and chemical composition of the volatile oil were measured. Seasonal changes had significant effect on yield of fresh herbage, yield and volatile oil content. Maximum volatile oil yields were observed at 9:00 during summer, winter, and spring. Volatile oil content was influenced by season and drying, but not influenced by harvest time.
Citronela de Java (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) pertence à família Poaceae. Óleo volátil de citronela de Java apresenta atividade repelente, antimicrobiana e acaricida. Sabe-se que fatores agronômicos têm grande efeito sobre a qualidade e quantidade de metabólitos essenciais. Por isso é importante a determinação dos níveis ótimos dos fatores agronômicos que afetem o crescimento e a produção. Horário de colheita e secagem são fatores agronômicos muito importantes. O presente estudo foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Agronômica da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, no período de 2002-2003, usando o delineamento de blocos casualizados e um experimento em esquema fatorial com três repetições. O capim citronela foi cultivado usando espaçamento de 60 cm entre linhas e 60 cm entre plantas. Realizaram-se colheitas de manhã, meio dia e à tarde, às 9:00 h, 12:00 h e 15:00 h, nas quatro estações do ano. Usaram-se folhas frescas e secas no experimento. Para estudar os efeitos do horário de colheita e secagem avaliaram-se as seguintes características: rendimento de biomassa seca e fresca (kg/ha), umidade ( por cento), teor ( por cento) e rendimento (L/ha) de óleo essencial, e a composição química do óleo essencial. Mudanças sazonais apresentaram efeito significativo sobre o rendimento de biomassa fresca e seca, e teor e rendimento de óleo. Rendimentos máximos de óleo essencial foram observados às 9:00 h durante o verão, inverno e primavera. O teor de óleo essencial foi influenciado pela estação doa ano e secagem, mas não foi influenciado pelo horário de colheita.